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汽车车门有限元分析及综合性能优化

汽车车门有限元分析及综合性能优化

钱银超,刘向征,邓卫东,邓赛帮

(广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院,广东广州511434)

来稿日期:2018-02-06

作者简介:钱银超,(1985-),男,安徽砀山人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要研究方向:汽车车身强度耐久及NVH 仿真分析;

刘向征,(1978-),男,山东成武人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要研究方向:汽车车身结构优化与疲劳仿真分析

1 引言

车门作为轿车的重要部件,具有缓冲来自外部冲击,隔绝外

界噪声的作用。在汽车开发设计过程中,车门的结构性能已然成

为评价汽车品质好坏的重要指标。车门的主要性能指标包括安装

点刚度、强度、NVH 、碰撞以及疲劳耐久等,但这些性能并不是完

全一致的,有时甚至是相互矛盾的,如何综合把控车门性能一直

是行业内研究的热点和难点。文献[1]利用MSC.Fatigue 软件,基于

Miner 累积损伤理论对某车型后门进行开关耐久分析,并对疲劳寿命危险区域进行了优化设计;文献[2]利用瞬态响应法对某微客车车门进行开关强度分析,在此基础上预测疲劳寿命,并对其进行了试验验证;文献[3]采用Ncode 软件对某SUV 车门进行钣金疲劳损伤分析,并与台架开闭耐久试验进行比对,对薄弱位置进行优化。上述研究都只是对车门疲劳寿命进行优化改进,并没有结合车门其他方面的性能,而关于车门综合性能优化的研究很少。以某车型前门为研究对象,针对试验过程中玻璃升降器安装区域开裂现象,利用Ncode 软件,基于E-N 法和Miner 累积损

摘要:车门是汽车车身中非常重要的功能部件,在日常使用过程中由于反复的开关,其所受应力尚未达到材料许用应力的情况下,局部区域可能产生疲劳裂纹。以某车型前门为例,针对试验过程中玻璃升降器安装区域开裂问题,对车门结构进行了局部优化设计。首先,采用ABAQUS/Explicit 求解器模块计算出冲击应力时间历程,并在Ncode 软件中对前门开关耐久进行了虚拟仿真分析,预测疲劳寿命危险区域。同时,对前门进行了开关耐久试验验证,对比发现车门的最低疲劳寿命误差在10%以内,从而验证了车门有限元模型的准确性。最后,结合玻璃升降器安装点刚度性能对前门进行了结构改进,确定出两种优化方案,通过对两种优化方案进行分析,结果表明:方案二玻璃升降器安装点刚度为51N/mm ,满足设计目标40N/mm ;车门最低疲劳寿命为11.4万次,同时满足设计目标10万次要求。

关键词:车门;玻璃升降器;冲击应力;疲劳寿命;安装点刚度

中图分类号:TH16;U463.83+4文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-3997(2018)07-0192-04

FE Analysis and Optimization on the Comprehensive Performance of Vehicle Door

QIAN Yin-chao ,LIU Xiang-zheng ,DENG Wei-dong ,DENG Sai-bang

(Automobile Engineering Research Institute of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.Ltd.,Guangdong Guangzhou 511434,China )Abstract :The door is very important function part in the automobile.In the process of daily use ,as a result of repeated switch ,the stress of the door has not yet reached the allowable stress of the material ,local area of the door may produce fatigue crack.This paper takes the front door of a vehicle as an example ,aiming at the problem of the cracking in the installation area of the glass elevator in the experiment ,the local optimum design of the door structure is carried out.Firstly ,the time history of impact stress is calculated by using the ABAQUS/Explicit solver module ,and in the Ncode software ,the virtual simulation analysis is made to the front door switch durability.Meanwhile ,durability test verification of the front door is carried out ,the comparison showed that the minimum fatigue life of the door was less than 10%.Thus ,the accuracy of the finite element model of the car door is verified.Finally ,combined with the performance of the glass elevator installation point ,the optimization and improvement of the front door is carried out ,and two optimization schemes are identified ,through the analysis of the two optimization schemes ,the results show that the second scheme ’s glass elevator installation point stiffness is 51N/mm ,this meets the design objectives of 40N/mm ,the minimum fatigue life of the door is 11.4 million cycle times ,and this also meets the design objectives of 10 million cycle times.

Key Words :Car Door ;Window Regulator ;Impact Stress ;Fatigue Life ;Installation Point Stiffness Machinery Design &Manufacture 机械设计与制造第7期2018年7月

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