干货!四六级翻译词汇背诵及翻译试
干货!四六级翻译词汇背诵及翻译试
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四六级翻译词汇（一）：历史文化
版画engraving
彩塑painted sculpture
瓷器porcelain; china
刺绣embroidery
宫灯/花灯palace/festival lantern
剪纸papercutting
景德镇瓷器Jingdezhen porcelain
木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving
唐三彩tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
中国水墨画Chinese ink and wash painting
陶器pottery
微雕miniature engraving
象牙雕刻ivory carving
京剧脸谱facial make-up in Peking Opera
木刻版画wood engraving
木偶戏puppet show
独角戏monodrama; one-man show
皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show
京剧Peking Opera
秦腔Shaanxi Opera
单口相声monologue comic talk
双口相声witty dialogue
口技vocal imitation
说书monologue story-telling
杂技acrobatic performance
叠罗汉making a human pyramid
特技stunt
哑剧dumb show; mime
马戏circus performance
春节the Spring Festival
元宵sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour
秧歌yangko
年底大扫除the year-end household cleaning
灯谜lantern riddle
登高hill climbing
拜年paying a New Year call
鞭炮firecracker
年画(traditional) New Year picture
舞龙dragon dance
春联Spring Festival couplets
元宵节the Lantern Festival
植树节Tree-Planting Day
除夕New Year's Eve
端午节the Dragon Boat Festival
龙灯舞dragon lantern dance
庙会temple fair
年夜饭family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve
清明节Tomb-Sweeping Day
扫墓pay respects to a dead person at his tomb
赏月admire the moon
压岁钱money given to children as a lunar New Year gift; gift money 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new year
中秋节Mid-Autumn Day
重阳节the Double Ninth Festival
十二生肖Chinese Zodiac
七夕节Double Seventh Day
粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding; zong zi
中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine
粤菜Cantonese cuisine
淮扬菜Huaiyang cuisine
鲁菜Shandong cuisine
川菜Sichuan cuisine
佛教Buddhism
佛寺Buddhist temple
道教Taoism
道观Taoist temple
道士Taoist priest
儒教Confucianism
儒家文化Confucian culture
墨家Mohism
法家Legalism
孔庙Confucian Temple
孔子Confucius
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《书经》The Book of History
《易经》The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
四书The Four Books
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber
《西行漫记》Red Star Over China
《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
《水浒传》Water Margin
《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio
《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions; The Story of the Stone 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; A Journey to the West
武侠小说martial arts novel
言情小说romantic fiction
八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句five-character quatrain
七言律诗seven-character octave
民间艺术folk art
高雅艺术refined art
戏剧艺术theatrical art
电影艺术film art
爱国主义精神patriotism
文化产业cultural industry
文化事业cultural undertaking
文化交流cultural exchange
文化冲突cultural shock; cultural conflict
乡村文化rural culture
民族文化national culture
表演艺术performing art
文化底蕴cultural deposit
华夏祖先the Chinese ancestor
同宗同源be of the same origin
中国文学Chinese literature
中国武术Chinese martial arts; Kung Fu
中国书法Chinese calligraphy
火药gunpowder
印刷术printing; art of printing
造纸术papermaking technology
指南针compass
中国结Chinese knot
青铜器bronze ware
武术门派style/school of martial arts
习武健身practice martial arts for fitness
古代格斗术ancient form of combat
武林高手top martial artist
气功qigong
无与伦比的文学创作unmatched literary creation 汉语的四声调the four tones of Chinese
工艺workmanship; craftsmanship
手工艺品handicraft
泥人clay figurine
苏绣Suzhou embroidery
寓言fable
神话mythology
传说legend
公历the Gregorian calendar
阴历the Lunar calendar
天干Heavenly Stems
篆刻seal cutting
闰年leap year
二十四节气24 solar terms
传统节日traditional holiday
才子佳人gifted scholar and beautiful lady
中华文明Chinese civilization
中外学者Chinese and overseas scholar
寺庙temple
汉学家sinologist
考古学家archaeologist
人类学家anthropologist
历史学家historian
地理学家geographer
宿命论determinism
守岁stay up late on New Year's Eve
桂花sweet osmanthus
中药traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
文明摇篮cradle of civilization
明清两代the Ming and Qing Dynasties
江南South of the Yangtze River
水乡景色riverside scenery
上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theater
样板戏model opera
《霸王别姬》Farewell to My Concubine
佛经Buddhist scripture
都江堰Dujiang Weir
《孙子兵法》The Art of War
《三字经》Three-Character Scripture
旗袍cheongsam; chi-pao
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装Traditional Chinese garment; Tang suit 风水geomancy
胡同alley; hutong
《神农本草经》Shen Nong's Herbal Classic 针灸acupuncture
推拿medical massage
切脉feel the pulse
旧石器时代the Paleolithic Period
母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society
封建(制度)的feudal
秦朝the Qin Dynasty
汉朝the Han Dynasty
唐朝the Tang Dynasty
宋朝the Song Dynasty
元朝the Yuan Dynasty
明朝the Ming Dynasty
清朝the Qing Dynasty
秦始皇the First Qin Emperor
皇太后empress dowager
春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period
四六级翻译词汇（二）：社会发展
人工智能artificial intelligence
生物技术biotechnology
克隆clone
基因突变genetic mutation
基因工程genetic engineering
转基因食品genetically modified food (GM food)
小康社会a well-off society
综合国力the overall national strength
扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project
温饱工程Decent-Life Project
安居工程Economy Housing Project
生态农业environment-friendly agriculture
铁饭碗a secure job
外出打工人员migrant worker
基层监督grass-roots supervision
价格听证会public price hearing
家政服务household management service
假账false accounting
智力密集型企业intelligence-intensive enterprise
三角债chain debt
素质教育education for all-round development; quality-oriented education 社会治安情况public security situation
改革开放政策the reform and opening-up policy
一国两制One Country, Two Systems
人大代表NPC representative
法制观念awareness of law
公务员civil servant
和谐并存harmonious coexistence
西部大开发Development of the West Regions
可持续性发展sustainable development
虚拟现实virtual reality
网民netizen (net citizen)
电脑犯罪computer crime
应试教育exam-oriented education
学生减负reduce study load
综合治理comprehensive treatment
下海go into business
文化适应acculturation
信息港information port
摇钱树the Money Tree
职业培训job training
人才交流talent exchange
职业文盲functional illiterate
智力引进recruit/introduce talents
早恋puppy love
舆论导向direction of public opinion
人口老龄化aging of population
人口出生率birth rate
全国人口普查nationwide census
人口激增population explosion
预期寿命life expectancy
社会公益活动public welfare activity
活动中心recreational center
道德标准ethical standard
尊老爱幼respect the old and cherish the young 退休金pension
敬老院home for the aged
老年大学university for the aged
养老金old-age pension
社会保险social insurance
人寿保险life insurance
多元文化论multiculturalism
社会保障social security
搬迁户a relocated unit or household
信息革命information revolution
信息高速公路information superhighway
办公自动化Office Automation (OA)
信息高地information highland
教育界educational circles/world
教育投入input in education
九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education 高考university/college entrance examination 高校扩招the college expansion plan
初等教育elementary education
教育事业educational cause
高等教育higher education
高等学府institution of higher education
综合性大学comprehensive university
文科院校college of (liberal) arts
必修课required/compulsory course
选修课elective/optional course
教学大纲teaching program; syllabus
启发式教学heuristic teaching
填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching
学前教育preschool education
校园数字化campus digitalization
城市化urbanization
基础设施infrastructure
第三产业tertiary industry
商业化commercialization
水短缺water shortage
环境污染environmental pollution
过度工业化over-industrialization
过度拥挤overcrowding
财富分配wealth distribution
社会动荡social instability
能源和资源消耗a drain on energy and resources 快节奏生活a rapid pace of life
社区服务community service
挪用公款embezzlement
充电(知识更新) update one's knowledge
社会福利social welfare
废物处理waste disposal
消费方式pattern of consumption
恶性循环vicious cycle
资源配置resource allocation
城市规划urban planning
房地产real estate
温室效应greenhouse effect
全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign
网络造谣fabricate rumors online
网络出版online publishing
社会事业social undertaking
每人，人均per capita
小康社会moderately prosperous society
宏观调控macro-economic control
社会主义新农村new socialist countryside
依法pursuant to the law
生产力过剩surplus production capacity
节能energy conservation
以房养老house-for-pension scheme
社区护理community care
公务员civil servant
取得突破make breakthroughs
义务教育compulsory education
杂费miscellaneous fees
寄宿制学校boarding school
远程教育distance education
中等职业学校secondary vocational school
最低生活保障basic cost of living allowances
自治区autonomous region
网上银行online banking
跨行转账inter-bank transfer
手机银行mobile banking
解放思想free one's mind
与时俱进keep pace with the times
因地制宜tailor measures to local conditions
扣分处罚point penalty
社会和谐social harmony
特别行政区special administrative region
扩大内需expand domestic demand
传染病communicable/infectious disease
前沿cutting edge
民办学校non-publicly funded school
社会保障social security
试点项目pilot project
反腐combat corruption
填补漏洞plug up loopholes
武警armed police
社会主义市场经济socialist market economy
科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development
社会主义和谐社会harmonious socialist society
中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 行政审批administrative examination and approval
“十二五”规划the Twelfth Five-Year Plan
人工智能artificial intelligence
生物技术biotechnology
克隆clone
试管婴儿test-tube baby
基因突变genetic mutation
基因工程genetic engineering
转基因食品genetically modified food3D/
三维电影three-dimensional movie
三峡工程the Three Gorges Project
希望工程Project Hope
民族精神national spirit
小康水平comparatively well-off level
多极世界multipolar world
一个中国原则the one-China principle
综合国力the overall national strength
共同愿望common desire/aspiration
不结盟non-alignment
单边主义unilateralism
多边主义multilateralism
无土栽培soilless culture
生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture
农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor force
关系户closely-related unit
低洼地区low-lying area
淹没农田inundate cultivated land
终身职业lifelong career
铁饭碗a secure job
外出打工人员migrant worker
基层监督grass-roots supervision
基础税率base tariff level
婚纱摄影wedding photography
机器阅卷machine scoring
豆腐渣工程jerry-built project
价格听证会public price hearing
家政服务household management service
加强舆论监督enhance the supervision by the public opinion
扩大中等收入者比重raise the proportion of the middle-income group
借调temporarily transfer
假账false accounting
智力密集型企业intelligence-intensive enterprise
下岗职工laid-off worker
素质教育education for all-round development; quality-oriented education 形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand
社会治安情况public security situation
改革开放reform and opening-up
一国两制One Country, Two Systems
和谐并存harmonious coexistence
三个代表Three Represents
人大代表deputy to the NPC
人大常委会Standing Committee of the NPC
法制观念awareness of law
法治国家a country under the rule of law
官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work
计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction
虚拟现实virtual reality
电脑犯罪computer crime
网上购物online shopping
应试教育exam-oriented education
学生减负reduce study load
下海go into business; plunge into the commercial sea
舆论导向direction of public opinion
提供各种便民服务provide various convenient services
新秀up-and-coming youngster
文化适应acculturation
信息港information port
综合治理comprehensive treatment
以人为本people oriented; people foremost
易拉罐pop-top can
虚拟网virtual net
职业培训job training
人才交流talent exchange
人才战competition for talented people
职业文盲functional illiterate
智力引进recruit/introduce talent
智商intelligence quotient (IQ)
患难夫妻couple who go through thick and thin together
招生就业指导办公室enrollment and vocation guidance office
人口老龄化aging of population
人口出生率birth rate
全国人口普查nationwide census
人口激增population explosion
预期寿命life expectancy
社会公益活动public welfare activities
尊老爱幼respect the old and cherish the young
教育事业educational cause
道德标准ethical standards
娱乐中心recreation center
搬迁户a relocated unit or household
敬老院home for the aged
老年大学university for the aged
养老金old-age pension
社会保险social insurance
人寿保险life insurance
多元文化论multiculturalism
社会保障social security
老弱病残the aged, the weak, the sick, and the disabled
大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age
核心家庭nuclear family
直系家庭stem family
大家庭extended family
破裂的家庭broken family
家庭规模family size
孝(道) filial piety/duty
孝顺show filial obedience
孝子/孝女dutiful son/daughter
独生子女the only child
媒人matchmaker
统筹兼顾make overall plans and take all factors into consideration 退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture
未婚子女unmarried children
学生处students' affairs division
在职博士生on-the-job doctor
青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency
教育界educational circles/world
教育投入input in education
九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education
团队精神team spirit
高考university/college entrance examination
高校扩招the college expansion plan
大学城college/university town
初等教育elementary education
理工科大学college/university of science and engineering
政治思想教育political and ideological education
大学社区college community
高等教育higher education
高等学府institution of higher education
综合性大学comprehensive university
师范学院normal college
文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts
考研take the Postgraduate Entrance Examination
高分低能high scores and low abilities
四六级翻译词汇（三）：中国经济出租车起步价flag-down fare
法定准备金率required reserve ratio
网购online shopping
虚拟经济fictitious economy
反盗版anti-piracy
知识产权intellectual property rights
出口退税tax rebates
人民币升值RMB appreciation
信贷紧缩credit crunch
最优惠贷款利率prime lending rate
经济适用房economically affordable house
大宗交易系统block trading system
暴利税windfall profits tax
从紧的货币政策tight monetary policy
宽松的货币政策easy monetary policy
审慎的财政政策prudent fiscal policy
股权收购stake purchase
房屋中介letting agent
地产经纪人estate broker
直销direct selling
传销pyramid selling
吃回扣to take/receive/get kickback
洗钱money laundering
透支overdraft
货币升值revaluation
起征点cutoff point
养老保险endowment insurance
逃税tax evasion
首次公开募股initial public offering
出口补贴export subsidy
资产负债表balance sheet
库存量inventory
反倾销antidumping
赤字shortfall
资本净值net worth
牛市bull market
法律风险legal risk
风险管理risk management
信用风险credit risk
第一产业(农业) primary industry
第二产业(工业) secondary industry
第三产业(服务业) tertiary industry
国内生产总值gross domestic product (GDP)
(商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出)扩大内需expand domestic demand
分期付款payment by installments
计划经济planned economy
中国人民银行(中央银行) People's Bank of China (Central Bank)
四大国有商业银行four major state-owned commercial banks
居民储蓄存款residents' bank savings deposit
泡沫经济bubble economy
经济过热overheating of economy
通货膨胀inflation
实体经济the real economy
经济规律laws of economics
市场调节market regulation
优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources
市场风险market risk
国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
私营企业private businesses
中小企业small and medium-sized enterprises
电话会议conference call
空头支票dishonored cheque
折旧depreciation
多元化diversification
倾销dumping
电子商务E-commerce
网上零售商E-retailer
新兴市场emerging market
汇率exchange rate
上市，公开上市going public
合营企业，合资企业joint venture
贷款人lender
营销marketing
中长期贷款medium and long term loans
道德风险moral hazard
机会成本opportunity cost
专利patent
贸易赤字，贸易逆差trade deficit
贸易盈余，贸易顺差trade surplus
世界银行World Bank
世界贸易组织World Trade Organization(WTO)
宏观调控macroeconomic regulation
社会主义新农村new socialist countryside
生产力过剩surplus production capacity
节能energy conservation
公务员civil servant
远程教育distance education
最低生活保障basic cost of living allowance
稳健的财政政策prudent fiscal policy
所得税income tax
高附加值high value-added
社会主义市场经济socialist market economy 科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development 社会主义和谐社会harmonious socialist society 生活标准standard of living
购买力purchasing power；buying power
停滞stagnation
平均收益average revenue
商品commodity
商品市场commodity market
竞争性市场competitive market
消费者偏好consumer preference
折扣discount
劳动分工division of labor
经济效率economic efficiency
规模经济economy of scale
企业家精神entrepreneurship
过度供给excess supply; oversupply
支出expenditure
要素市场factor market
出租车起步价flag down fare
暴利税windfall tax
实体经济real economy
虚拟经济fictitious/virtual economy
人民币升值appreciation of the RMB
住房保障制度housing security system
成品油refined oil
原油价飙升crude oil prices surge
原油储备crude oil stockpile
油价机制oil price mechanism
经济特区special economic zone
软着陆soft landing
结构改革structural reform
城镇化urbanization
上座率seat occupancy rate
浮动票价floating prices
网络交易平台e-trade platform
索赔claim for compensation
个体工商户individual business
房屋中介estate agent
保险经纪人insurance agent
漫游费roaming fee
单向收费one-way charge
来电免费业务free incoming call
海关税收customs revenue
减税tax break
高端产品high-end product
跳槽job-hopping
职员总数headcount
投机speculation
货币经纪人money broker
解雇金severance pay
高峰期peak season
出境游outbound tourism
首次公开募股initial public offering (IPO) 新闻专线newswire
衰退downturn
人口红利demographic dividend
刚性需求rigid demand
首付款down payment
炼油厂refinery
官方证明书official certificate
半导体semiconductor
基准点benchmark
借记卡debit card
最佳时期optimum period
集体诉讼class action
财务欺诈accounting fraud
次贷危机subprime lending crisis
赤字deficit
汽车制造商automaker
电信业telecommunications
储备金reserve
钢铁工业iron and steel industry
税收tax revenue
上市go public
预算budget
证券securities
债券bond
股份share
通货紧缩deflation
贸易保护主义trade protectionism
第三产业tertiary industry
赞助商sponsor
贸易壁垒trade barrier
跨国公司multinational corporation
关税tariff
公司破产corporate bankruptcy
反倾销anti-dumping
配额quota
汇率exchange rate
生态补偿ecological compensation
节能灯energy-saving lamp
差别电价differential power pricing
宏观调控体系macro-regulatory system 恶性竞争cutthroat competition
资源配置allocation of resources
产业转移industrial transfer
产业升级industrial upgrading
期货市场futures market
高附加值产品high value-added product 南南合作South-South Cooperation
南北对话North-South Dialogue
西部大开发Western Development
西气东输工程West-East Pipeline Project 信息革命information revolution
信息高速公路information highway
翻译练习
四级
TOPIC 1：毛笔
毛笔(Chinese brush)是一种源于中国的传统书写工具，与墨、纸、砚(ink stone)并称为“文房四宝”。毛笔有着悠久的历史，相传为秦始皇的大将蒙恬所创。毛笔笔尖最初用兔毛，后来也用羊、狼、鸡、鼠等动物毛，笔管用竹或其他材料制成。在古代，毛笔不仅是一种基本的书写工具，还被广泛用于书法(calligraphy)和绘画创作。几千年来，它为创造中华民族光辉灿烂的文化做出了卓越的贡献。
Chinese brush is a traditional writing instrument originating from China. Ink stick, paper, ink stone and Chinese brush are known as “Four Treasures of the Study”.Chinese brush has a long history. Legend has it that the brush was invented by Meng Tian, a general under the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty. Originally, the head of the brush was made from rabbit hairs, and later also from the hairs of goats, wolves, chickens, mice and other animals. The shaft is made of bamboo or other materials. In ancient times, Chinese brush was not only an essential writing tool, it was also widely used in calligraphy and painting. For thousands of years, it has made outstanding contributions to the creation of the effulgent Chinese culture.
TOPIC 2：刺绣
刺绣(embroidery)是中国民间传统手工艺之一，有着悠久的历史。刺绣的历史可以追溯到商朝，而汉朝则见证了刺绣在风格和技术上的一大飞跃。日月星辰、花鸟鱼虫等很多事物都可以成为刺绣的内容。在古代，刺绣只由特权(privileged)阶层独享，象征其较高的社会地位。随着社会的发展，刺绣逐渐进入普通百姓的生活。如今，刺绣已走出国门，成为中国人民与世界各国人民友好往来的桥梁。
Embroidery, one of traditional Chinese folk handicrafts, has a long history. The history of embroidery can trace back to the Shang Dynasty. The Han Dynasty witnessed a leap in the styles and techniques of embroidery. A lot of things can become the content of embroidery, such as the sun, the moon, the stars, flowers, birds, fish and insects. In ancient times, embroidery could be enjoyed only by the privileged class and symbolized their high social status. With the development of society, it enters the life of ordinary people. Nowadays it has stepped out of China and become a bridge of friendly exchanges between the Chinese and foreigners.
TOPIC 3：中国菜
中国的烹饪历史悠久，有8 000多种有名的菜品，48种基本的烹饪方式，包括烤、煎、煮等。中国菜可以大致分为八大地方菜系(cuisine)，流传最广的当属四川菜系。川菜以麻辣著称，宫保鸡丁、麻婆豆腐大受人们欢迎，四川火锅是世界上最有名的火锅。除此之外，还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，如北京菜和上海菜。北京菜腻且偏咸，最典型的是北京烤鸭，几乎每