福师大远程教育现代语言学复习资料答案

复习资料试题

I. Multiple-choice questions. Choose the best answer for the following questions.

1.The statement “Double negation is incorrect.” is an example of _____ rules.

A. prescriptive

B. descriptive

C. transformational

D. functional

2.The distinction between linguistic competence and performance was proposed by _____.

A. Jacobson

B. Bloomfield

C.

D. H. Hymes D. Chomsky

3.Consonants and vowels are distinguished by ______.

A. place of articulation

B. manner of articulation

C. obstruction of airflow

D. total stopping of air

4.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced alveolar stop”?

A. [d]

B. [z]

C. [g]

D. [l]

5.Which of the following morphemes IS a bound morpheme?

A. ness

B. kiss

C. loss

D. boss

6.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?

A. fastest

B. chaos

C. easier

D. studies

7.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by _____.

A. Jacobson

B. Bloomfield

C. Saussure

D. Chomsky

8.That it is wrong to split an infinitive is an example of _____ rules.

A. prescriptive

B. descriptive

C. transformational

D. functional

9.One criteria of distinguishing different consonants is ______.

A. the height of tongue raising

B. manner of articulation

C. obstruction of airflow

D. total stopping of air

10.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced bilabial stop”?___________.

A. [b]

B. [z]

C. [g]

D. [l]

11.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix? ___________.

A. fastest

B. darken

C. easier

D. studies

12.Good: Bad is an example of _____.

A. gradable antonymy

B. relational antonymy

C. complementary antonymy

D. complete antonymy

13. What kind of sounds can be identified when the vocal cords are vibrating?

A. Voiceless

B. V oiced

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the part of the tongue that is the highest when articulated?

A. [?]

B. [u]

C. [e]

D. [i]

15. The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme

16. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator

B. particle

C. preposition

D. subordinator

17. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A. is synonymous with

B. is inconsistent with

C. entails

D. presupposes

18. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A. semantics

B. pragmatics

C. sociolinguistics

D. psycholinguistics

19. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Lingua franca

B. Creole

C. Pidgin

D. Standard language

20. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus

B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

21. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

A. learning

B. competence

C. performance

D. acquisition

22.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___.

A. gradable opposites

B. relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms

D. synonyms

23.The semantic components of the word ―gentleman‖can be expressed as __.

A. +animate, +male, +human, -adult

B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult

C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult

D. +animate, -male, +human, +adult

24.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.

A. phrase structure

B. surface structure

C. syntactic structure

D. deep structure

II. True or False questions. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.

( ) 1.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Quirk et al. is a synchronic study of language.

( ) 2.The word “in” is an open class word.

( ) 3. Chinese is a tone language.

( ) 4.The word “above” includes 2 syllables, in which the sound [b] is the coda of the first syllable.

( ) 5.The semantic relationship between the two sentences “John’s son is an engineer” and “John has a son” is presupposition.

( ) 6.A syllable should contain at least one vowel.

( ) 7.Historical linguistics is a diachronic study of language.

( ) 8.In the antonym pair old : young, old is the marked item.

( ) 9.“Ank” is a morpheme, because it appears in different words, such as tank, bank, rank.

( ) 10.The pronunciation of English consonants only involves manner of articulation and place of articulation.

( ) 11. A small child may call any man “Dad”. This phenomenon is termed as underextension in psycholinguistics.

( ) 12.Grammatically well-formed sentences are not necessarily semantically well-formed.

( ) 13.The word chaos does not contain any inflectional suffix.

( ) 14.According to John Austin, performatives do not descript or report, and therefore, cannot be verified as true or false.

( ) 15.P redication analysis is a way to analyze word meaning.

( ) 16.A n inflectional morpheme alters the grammatical category of a word.

( ) 17.English alphabets were borrowed from Latin in Old English period.

( ) 18.Both English and Scottish belongs to Germanic language family.

( ) 19.Roots are always free.

( ) 20.According to CCTV, FAMILY stands for Father and mother I love you. This is an example of acronym.

( ) 21.Phablet is an example of blending.

( ) 22.Lexical motivation refers to the connection between linguistic symbol and its meaning.

( ) 23.The words valuable and invaluable are a pair of antonyms.

( ) 24.10. The suffix -er in teacher is an inflectional affix.

III. Fill in the blanks with proper terms.

1. The description of English vowels needs four variables, i.e. the height of tongue raising, the position

of the highest part of the tongue, the length or tenseness of the vowel and ________.

2. In IPA, there are two ways to transcribe speech sounds. One is _______, the other is narrow

transcription.

3. Those morphemes that can appear on their own are called __________.

4. _______ intonation signals certainty and completion of the speech.

5. If A is a kind of B, then in terms of semantic relation, B is a(n) _____ of A.

6. The utterance “I order you to leave the room.” performs a ________ speech act.

7. __________ is the study of meaning in use or in context.

8. The standardized and internationally accepted system for phonetic transcription is ___________.

9. In terms of semantic relationship, flower is a(n)________________of lily.

10. Phoneme __________can be described as voiceless alveolar fricatives.

11.If two words have following relationship: the assertion of one means the denial of the other and the

denial of one means the assertion of the other, then these two words are a pair of ________________.

12._____________ is the study of language in relation to society; it studies how social factors influence

the structure and use of language.

13.English has only _____________ inflectional morphemes.

14.While the meaning of a sentence is decontextualized, that of a(n) _________ is context-dependent.

15.Words that share the same pronunciations but have different spelling and different meanings are called

_____________

16.The difference between consonants and vowels lies in_____________.

17.The symbolic relationship between sound and meaning is and .

18.Lexical meaning can be subdivided into meaning and meaning.

19.Three types of homonyms are perfect homonyms, ___________ and homophone.

20.According to morphological structure, words can be divided into simple words, _______________ and

compound words.

21.According to whether it can appear on its own or not, morphemes can be divided into free morphemes

and _______ morphemes

22.The three major word formation processes in English are _______ , compounding and conversion.

23.In the antonym pair old and young, __________ is the marked item.

24.The hypothesis that claims that language shapes the way we think and determines what we can think

about is called_______.

IV. Definition. Define following terms.

1.Suprasegmental

2.McGurk effect

3.Input Hypothesis

4.Fossilization

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a18545262.html,nguage planning

6.Tenor of discourse

7.Diphthong

8.Creole

9.approximant:

10.lexical words

V. Questions. Answer the following questions.

1.Are /lb?k/, /kn?st/ and /kr?st/ possible syllables in English? Why?

2.What are the differences between inflection and derivation?

3.How did English borrow words from other languages and what influence does borrowing

have upon English?

4.Discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.

5.In English, the utterance “Can you answer the phone?” can be used to ask someone to answer the

phone. Why cannot the utterance “Can you eat the apple?” be used to ask someone to eat the

apple?