仁爱英语总复习练习题.doc

中考被动语态宋娇娇

（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：I主动语态I和甌冠。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如:She waters the flowers everyday?谓语：water的动作是由主语she来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例女口: English are spoken by us.

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成

被动语态由|“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”|构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时:am / is / are+p.p?

一般过去H寸：was / were+p.p?

一般将来时：will / be going to be + p.p.

现在完成时：have / has been+p.p.

含有情态动词：情态动词+be+p.p.

（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

（四）含有各种时态被动语态的讲解

1 ?一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are+p.p.

The flowers are watered by her everyday.

2.一般过去时: was / were+p.p.

The lost boy was found at the street concer last night.

3.一般将来时：will / be going to be + p.p.

Many house will be built in the future?

4?现在完成时：have / has been+p.p.

Three bridges have been built since last year.

5含有情态动词：情态动词4-be+p.p.

Flowers should be watered everyday.

（五）被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night?一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike?玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

（六）被动语态的特殊情况

(1) 一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),三让(let, make, have), 四看(see, watch, look at, notice)等动词后边接省略to的不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，必须加上to。

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV ?

f I am never let to watch TV by mother.

（2）主动形式表示被动

write, sell, wash等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动。

This kind of shirt sells well here.

This kind of cloth washes well.

感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste等与形容词连用时，可用主动形式表被动。

The cake tastes delicious?

(3)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：

happen, take place , begin，become

dissappear, come out.

It will happen in 50 years

（4）短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。

They looked after the children

f The children were well looked after.

We has put off the meeting till next week.

f The meetin

g has been put off till next week.