高级英语 第二册 第三课 课后习题答案

1. Carlyle : Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), English essayist and historian born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer of hooks. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years (1828-1834 ). During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his char- acteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. In 1837 he published The French Revolution, a poetic rendering and not a factual account of the great event in history. Besides these two masterpieces, he wrote Chartism (1840), On Heroes, hero Worship, and the Heroic in History (I841), Past and Present (1843) and others. "Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, col loquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences. One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation, among them were Mathew Arnold and Ruskin.

2. Lamb : Charles Lamb (1775-1834), English essayist, was born in London and brought up within the precincts of the ancient law courts, his father being a servant to an advocate of the inner Temple. He went to school at Christ's Hospital, where he had for a classmate Coleridge, his life-long friend. At seventeen, he became a clerk in the India House and here he worked for 33 years until he was re-tired on a pension. His devotion to his sister Mary, upon whom rested an hereditary taint of insanity, has done al-most as much as the sweetness and gentle humor of his writings to endear his name. They collaborated on several books for children, publishing in 1867 their famous Tales from Shakespeare. His dramatic essays, Specimens of English Dramatic Poets (1808), established his reputation as a critic and did much in reviving the popularity of Eliza-be then drama. The Essays of Ella, published at intervals in London Magazine, were gathered together and republished in two series, the first in 1823, the second ten years later. They established Lamb in the title which he still holds, that of the most delightful of English essayists.

Ⅱ.

1.A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoilt.

2. The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lot of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each other's private life and thoughts.

3. No. Conversation does not need a focus. But when a focal subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.

4. The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject mentioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of "the King's English. " When the people talked about the resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for "English as it should be spoken", the conversation moved to

Norman England because at that time a language barrier existed between the Saxon peasants and the Norman conquerors.

5. The Saxon peasants and their Norman conquerors used different words for the same thing. For examples see paragraph 9.

6. The writer seems to be in favor of bilingual education. He is against any form of cultural barrier or the cultural humiliation of any section or group of people.

7. The term "the Queen's English" was used in 1953 by Nash because at that time the reigning monarch was a queen, Elizabeth I. The term "the King's English" is the more common form because the ruling monarch is generally a king. Those who are not very particular may use the term "the King's English", even when the ruling monarch is a queen. In 1602, Dekker used the term "the King's English", although the reigning monarch was still Queen Elizabeth.

8．“The King’s English”was regarded as a form 0f racial discrimination during the Norman rule in England about 1154—1399．

9．The writer thinks “the King’s English”is a class representation of reality．1t is worth trying to speak “the King’s English”，but it should not be 1aid down as an edict，and made immune to change from below．The King’s English is a model a rich and instructive one- but it ought not to be an ultimatum．

10．During the Norman period，the ruling class spoke Anglo—French while the peasants spoke their native Saxon language．Language bears the stamp of the class that uses it．The King’s English today refers to the language used by the upper，educated class in England．

Ⅲ．

1．The title of this piece is not well chosen．It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the King’s English．Whereas the writer．in reality，is just discoursing on what makes good conversation．The King’s English is connected with “pub talk”when the writer describes the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the King’s English”to illustrate his point that bar conversation in a pub has a charm of its own．2．1n this essay the writer alluded to many historical and literary event such as the Norman conquest，the saloons of 18th century Paris，and the words of many a man of letters．For a short expository essay like this，the allusions used are more than expected and desirable．3．Paragraph 5 is a transition paragraph by means of which the writer passes from a general discourse on good conversation to a particular instance of it．But one feels the change from “pub talk”to “the King's English”a bit too abrupt．

4．The simple idiomatic expressions like "to be on the rocks，out of bed on the wrong side，etc．”may be said to go well with the copious literary and historical allusions the writer used for an informal conversational style to Suit the theme of this essay in which the writer tries to defend informal uses of language．

5．The writer’s attitude towards “the King’s English”shows that he is a defender of democracy．

Ⅳ．

1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．)

2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．

．3．In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．

4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．

5．The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．

6．These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．

7．The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers．

8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．9．The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．

10．There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．

11．There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog”is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word “dog”as being the animal itself．12．Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．

V．See the translation of the text．

Ⅵ?

1. on the rocks：metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks

2．get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way”．It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed．) 3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring．It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．

4．turn up one’s nose at：scorn；show scorn for

5．into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)，think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i．e．as if one were a Saxon peasant

6 come into one’s own：receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition65

7．sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice of

Ⅶ．

1．ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知)；illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏；uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育；unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。

2．scoff指对某事疑惑不信或缺乏尊敬而用无礼、轻蔑的言词或加以嘲笑；sneer侧重于面部表情或语气中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意：jeer侧重指用粗俗的、侮辱性的言词或粗鲁的嘲笑来表示轻侮；gibe通常指不带恶意的取笑或作弄人的笑骂；flout主要指以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出的轻侮蔑视。

Ⅷ．

conversation(communication)，intercourse，com，commerce．intercommunication，dealings，traffic，exchange，interchange，correspondence，truck，etc

Ⅸ．

uncomplicated，uninvolved，simple，plain，unmixed，unmingled．uncombined，unsophisticated，straight，elementary etc．

Ⅹ．

The following words are all borrowed from French：

1．冷餐2．烹调3．柠檬汁4．烈性甜酒5．早餐／午餐6．菜谱7．沙龙／客厅8．晚会9．景泰蓝10煎鸡蛋11．餐馆老板12．保留节目，全部节目全部技能13政变14．芭蕾舞团15．随员16．连音／连络17记忆错觉／回忆幻想18．再来一次19．放流行歌曲唱片的夜总会20枝形吊灯

Ⅺ．

1．No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.

2. It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.

3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.

4. Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.

5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.

6. We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.

7. The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.

8. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.

9. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.

10. We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.

Ⅻ.

Coherence and unity can be enhanced by continuity in the paragraph. Continuity gives writing a sense of smoothness. Good organization is essential for continuity, because the clear, logical arrangement makes the order of thought easy to follow. But good transitions also help to make the writing smooth. The three common transitional devices are: pronoun reference, repetition of important words, and transitional expression. The two paragraphs in the exercises employ these three methods to establish continuity and so improve coherence and unity of the paragraphs.

Paragraph 1

1) Transitional words and expressions: for instance, on the other hand

2) Pronoun reference. we (referring back to teen-agers), us, our, us, us, our, us, our, us, us

3) Repetition of important words: teen-agers, teen-years, teen-agers, teens

Paragraph 2

1) Transitional words and expressions: As of today, After that, Then, for instance, even that

2) Pronoun reference :I, my, I, myself, I, I, me, my, I, I

3) Repetition of important words. food (and names of different kinds of food)

ⅩⅢ. Omitted.

ⅩⅣ. Peculiarities of Spoken English

The peculiarities of spoken English, in my opinion, become apparent in contrast with those of written English. First, in spoken English, people tend to use small and simple words, and since they have little time to think about the use of proper or exact words, they may fail to convey their feelings or thoughts effectively. And when they cannot think of anything to say, they may use mouth-fillings such as "you know", "I think", etc. While writing, people are generally allowed enough time to think of the choice of words and they can usual- ly express themselves successfully. Secondly, when spoken English used, people may use many broken sentences or other ungrammatical ones due to the limit of time. While writing, however, people seldom make similar mistakes unless they are not well-educated enough. Finally, when speaking, people may move from one idea to another casually and the speech can not be well organized. When it comes to the use of pen, people usually pay much attention to the structure or the whole passage.

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

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一单元： 1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必得在达道严格的安全要求后才可出售给给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 二单元： 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为他们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.

全新版大学英语2课后答案

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