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“雨が降りました”と“雨に降られました”

这两句话意思相近，但明显不同。

首先，为什么有“主动”和“被动”，是因为它们表达的视点不同，意思也会有微妙的变化。

你的日本人老师所讲的主动和被动没有区别那就错了。

日本人确实很喜欢用“被动”，

但是是在“没有特定的人在做某事情”或“强调事情，而非实施动作的人”的时候，如下：

-----ここで会議が行われる。会议在这里举办。→没有提到是谁举办会议，而是说这里有个会议。

-----私はここで会議を行う。我在这里举办会议。→行为人（动作人）很明显是我。

比如汉语里讲“外面下雨了”，而不会说“外面被雨下了”，要说“被雨淋湿了”。

日语也是如此，叙述外面下雨了要说“雨が降りました”

被雨淋湿了要说“雨に降られました”或“雨に濡れました”

同样，“赤ちゃんが泣きました”是说孩子哭了。

“赤ちゃんに泣かれました”是说被孩子的哭声吵得受不了。

上面的主动句，即“雨が降りました”，“赤ちゃんが泣きました”

是完全表达不了这样的心情的------被雨淋了→（倒霉），被孩子吵→（心

烦）。

这个句子也一样“試験の前の晩に友たちに遊びに来られました”，

考试前夜，打算好好休息备考，没想到朋友来家里玩，结果被闹得无法好好休息和学习，很是郁闷。

“友達が家へ遊びに来ました”就完全表达不了这个郁闷的心情！

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归纳高一语文文言文中被动句的例句及翻译 第八节古代汉语被动意义的表达方式1 主动句：主语是谓语动词所表达动作行为的发出者，即施事者，如我读书。2 被动句：主事是谓语动词所表达动作行为的接受者，即受事者，如杯子打破了。3 古代汉语被动句的类型：A 语义上表被动的句子：如“文王拘而演周易……屈原放逐，乃赋离骚。”B 有句法标志的被动句：（1 ）“于”字句。a “及物动词+ 于+ 施事者”如：楚怀王内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪。b 省略“于”字，“动+ 施事者”如：大树不夭斤斧，物无害者。c “于”字句经常用于主动与被动对比的复句里。如：劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。d “乎”（介词）的语法功能与介词“于”同。（2 ）“为”字句。a “为+ 施事者+ 及物动词”，如：（吾子）今为赤帝子斩之。b “为+ 及物动词”，如：父母宗族，皆为戮没。（3 ）“见”字句。a “见+ 及物动词”如：人皆以见侮为辱。b “见+ 及物动词+ 于+ 施事者”，如：昔者弥子瑕见爱于卫君。c 南北朝后，“见+ 动词（主动句）”表示“对我怎样”，如“慈父见背”（慈父背弃我）。（不是被动句）（4 ）“为……所……”句。a “为+ 施事+ 所+ 及物动词”。如：先即制人，后则为人所制。b “为+ 所+ 及物动词”，如：不者，若属皆且为所虏。c 东汉后，“为……之所……”“为……所见”在汉魏六朝常见，唐后消亡。（4 ）“为……所”句。a “为+ 施事+ 所+ 及物动词”，如：先即制人，后则为人所制。b “为+ 所+ 及物动词”，如不者，若属皆且为所虏。c 东汉后，“为……之所……”“为……所见”在汉魏六朝常见，唐后消亡。（5 ）“被字句”。a “被+ 施事者+ 及物动词”如：臣被尚书召问。b 先秦“被”是及物动词，意为“复盖、遭受、蒙受”，如：光被四表。c 汉代后，至今，“被+ 及物动词”。如：杯子被打破了。第九节古代汉语句子成分的位置和省略1 宾语前置：古代汉语的宾语在某些特定的语法条件下要置于动词之前，这种现象我们称之为宾语前置。 2 宾语前置的种类：（1 ）疑问句中疑问代词作宾语前置。a 作动词的宾语前置。如：

被动语态复习

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英语中的主动句被动句

主动句和被动句 大多数“主－动－宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。规则如下： （1）将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。例如：This factory produces machine tools.→Machine tools are produced in this factory. The found a wallet in the car.→A wallet was found in the car. They are repairing the bridge.→The bridge is being repaired. They have repaired the bridge.→The bridge has been repaired. They often make fun of her.→She is often made fun of. He took great care of his books.→His books were taken great care of. →Great care was taken of his books. （2）如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。例如： They should do this right now.→This should be done right now. They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.→The applicants may be being interviewed at the moment. They must have finished their work.→Their work must have been finished He is likely to let you down.→You are likely to be let down. （3）当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by-词组中表达出来。如：A boy found this wallet in the street.→This wallet was found in the street by a boy. （4）当主动句是一个“主－动－宾－宾”结构时，可有两种形式。例如： Father gave me a toy yesterday.→I was given a toy yesterday. →A toy was given to me yesterday. （5）当主动句是一个“主－动－宾－补”结构时，可将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，来的宾语补语变为被动句里的主语补语。例如： They named the boy Tom.→The boy was named Tom. We painted the wall pink.→The wall was painted pink. 三、某些不用被动态的用法 在英语里，有些表达只能用主动态。例如： The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。 The cloth washes well. 这布料很耐洗。 The drawer won’t open. 这抽屉打不开。 His novel sells well. 他的小说销路很好。 This paper tears easily. 这纸一撕就破。 1.He isn＇t allowed to study with friends by his parents. (主动句中主语是他的父母.谓语是允许Allow.直接宾语是他.间接宾语是不定式短语to+.因此被动语态应该是他得不到去跟朋友一起学习的许可) 2.I＇m allowed to go to the movies on Friday night. (主动句中主语是They.谓语是allow.直接宾语是我.间接宾语是不定式短语) 3.She wasn＇t allowed to get ears pierced by her mother. 4.The mistakes should be corrected by the students. (主动句主语为students.谓语为should correct.宾语为their mistakes)

主动句转被动句练习题word版本

主动句转被动句练习 题

精品文档 主动句转被动句 1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing. 2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas. 3 This factory produces machine tools. 4 They should do it at once. 5 He is likely to let you down. 6 They named the child tom. 把下列句子变成被动语态 1.We found some jewels in a box. 2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision. 3. James has left a parcel for you. 4. You must finish the article before Friday. 5. They will not paint the house again next year. 6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday. 7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond. 8. Where did he translate the story? 9. We had to repair our TV set. 10. Do they take good care of the sick? 11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages. 12. They showed me the room where they lived. 答案 1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother). 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

主动句和被动句

主动句和被动句 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

主动句和被动句 说明： 主动句中主语是谓语动作或行为的发出者，被动句中主语是受谓语动作支配的，是受动者。主动句和被动句有不同的表达作用。 示例： （1）（闺土）终于被他父亲带走了（被动句） （2）闺土的父亲把闺土带走了。（主动句） （3）他（卢进勇）用颤抖的手指打开了那个党证。（主动句） （4）那个党证被卢进勇用颤抖的手指打开了。（被动句） 简析： 两句表达的意思相同，但是（1）句强调了闺土的走是被迫的，虽然迅哥儿急得大哭，闺土也躲到厨房里，哭着不肯出门，但他还 是被带走了，用被动句更能突出两个少年真挚深厚的感情。如果用 （2）句，意思就变成了叙述闺土的父亲做了什么事，这显然不是作 者的原意。（3）句和（4）句表达的意思相同，但（3）句强调的是 卢进勇终于完成了无名战士的重托而表现出的激动的心情。如果用 （4）句，就变成了交代党证是由谁打开的，和原文意思不符。 高考语文教你长句变短句 长句是指结构复杂、词语较多的句子。由于长句大多有较长的并列成分、修饰限制成分、称代或总分复指成分等，有时意思还绕来绕去，学生们在长句变短句时普遍感到头痛；而高考又比较喜欢出这种类型的题，2001年和2004年全

国高考都考到长句变短句，拿2004年高考来说，全国十五套考题就有两套考题考到了这一点。为帮助学生解决这个难点，笔者将长句变短句的方法分情况例析于下： 1．陈说分解法 多个主谓短语层层套装而成、句意绕来绕去的主谓句，可用这种方法变换。 例1：将下面句子改写成几个连贯的短句（可适当调整语序，增减词语）（91年高考题） 地方法院今天推翻了那条严禁警方执行市长关于不允许在学校附近修建任何等级的剧场的批示的禁令 第一步，确定可作为被陈述对象的词语“地方法院”“警方”“市长”。 等二步，寻找每个被陈述对象的陈述内容：地方法院推翻禁令，警方被严禁执行，市长发出指示。 第三步，将长句变换成逻辑上前后连贯的几个短句： ①市长发出了关于不允许在学校附近修建任何等级的剧场的指示，②警方却接到了严禁执行这一指示的禁令，③今天，地方法院推翻了这条禁令。 2．拎取主干法

主动句转被动句

主动句转被动句 1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing. 2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas. 3 This factory produces machine tools. 4 They should do it at once. 5 He is likely to let you down. 6 They named the child tom. 答案 1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother). 2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father). 3 Machine tools are produced in this factory. 4 It should be done at once (by them). 5 You are likely to be let down. 6 The child was named tom. 以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1\2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。 把下列句子变成被动语态 1.We found some jewels in a box. 2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision. 3. James has left a parcel for you. 4. You must finish the article before Friday. 5. They will not paint the house again next year. 6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday. 7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond. 8. Where did he translate the story? 9. We had to repair our TV set. 10. Do they take good care of the sick? 11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages. 12. They showed me the room where they lived. 把下列句子变成主动语态 1.Spanish is spoken in South America. 2. The plans will have to be revised. 3. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary. 4. Has John been cured of his heart illness? 5. The door should not have been left open all night. 6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night. 7. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.