翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)

1.The U. S government is made up of three portions ; executive, legislative and judicial. （分数：0.50）

A.parts √

B.ingredients

C.principles

D.proportions

解析：[解析] 句意：美国政府由三个部分组成：行政、立法和司法。portion和part含义相同，均表示“(整体中独立的)部分”。ingredient(混合物的)组成部分；(构成)要素。principle原理，原则。proportion 比例；部分。

2.For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.

（分数：0.50）

A.rebuked

B.rejected √

C.abused

D.filtered

解析：[解析] 句意：一年半以来，伊朗一再拒绝美国要求释放人质的提议。rebuff断然拒绝，回绝。reject 拒绝，驳回。rebuke非难，指责。abuse滥用；虐待。filter过滤；渗入。

3.The common earthworm is made up of round segments , commonly divided into anterior and posterior. （分数：0.50）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9612088480.html,ans

B.cells

C.rings

D.sections √

解析：[解析] 句意：一般的蚯蚓都是由一段一段的环形组成的，通常还包括前段和后段。segment 段；体节。section节，段。organ器官。cell细胞。ring环状物，圆圈。round表示“圆"的”，ring与之语义重复，故不选。

4.Slander has destroyed many a great man"s career and reputation.

（分数：0.50）

A.Misfortune

B.Arrogance

C.Defamation √

D.snobbery

解析：[解析] 句意：诽谤已经使很多大人物的事业与名声尽毁。slander诽谤，造谣中伤。defamation的词根是fame，也表示“诽谤，中伤”。misfortune不幸。arrogance自大，傲慢。snobbery势利。

5.Before being able to sojourn to Europe, many preparations such as vaccinations and visas are required.

（分数：0.50）

A.stay briefly √

B.enter

C.depart

D.be bound for

解析：[解析] 句意：在前往欧洲逗留之前，很多准备工作诸如注射疫苗和申请签证都是必不可少的。sojourn 逗留，旅居。stay briefly是对sojourn的正确解释。enter进入。depart离开。be bound for前往，到……地方。

6.In order to strengthen both the forearm and the grip, many athletes will repeatedly squeeze

a tennis ball in their hands.

（分数：0.50）

A.drench

B.impale

C.penetrate

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9612088480.html,press √

解析：[解析] 句意：为了增强臂力和握力，很多运动员都会在手心里捏一个网球。squeeze挤压，捏。compress 压缩，压紧。drench湿透，浸泡。impale刺穿；钉住。penetrate渗透；剌入。

7.One cause of the Civil War was economic and political rivalry between the agrarian South and the industrial North.

（分数：0.50）

A.prosperous

B.old-fashioned

C.agriculture √

D.poorly organized

解析：[解析] 句意：美国内战的一个重要原因是以种植为主的南方和以工业为主的北方之间的经济政治竞争。agrarian耕地的，土地的。agriculture农业，农耕。prosperous繁荣的。oldfashioned老式的，守旧的。poorly organized缺乏组织的；条理不清的。

8.Trees, shrubs , flowers, and grass give character and interest to the parks.

（分数：0.50）

A.vines

B.vegetables

C.bushes √

D.weeds

解析：[解析] 句意：树木、灌木、花和草让公园富有生机与情趣。shrubs灌木，矮树丛。bushes灌木丛。vines葡萄藤。vegetables蔬菜。weeds野草，杂草。

9.Hobsion theory states that through unchecked proliferation of the human species, in twenty years the world"s population will have out, own the total food supply.

（分数：0.50）

A.maturity

B.multiplication √

C.delegation

D.digestion

解析：[解析] 句意：Hobsion理论认为如果人口不受限制地膨胀，20年之内世界人口就会超过总的食品供给。proliferation增殖，扩散。multiplication增殖，增加。maturity成熟。delegation授权，委托。digestion消化；领悟。

10.Through modern medical science and technology, the average human life has been prolonged to 72 years.

（分数：0.50）

A.precipitated

B.stretched √

C.changed

D.turned

解析：[解析] 句意：凭借现代医疗科技，人类平均寿命已经延长至72年。prolong延长。precipitate加速，促成。stretch拉长，伸展；延续。change改变。turn转变。

11.A forest fire will leave nothing but scorched earth in its wake.

（分数：0.50）

A.withered

B.barren

C.burned √

D.evaporated

解析：[解析] 句意：森林大火将会把地面上的东西烧得片甲不留。scorch烧焦，烤焦。burn焚烧，烧毁。wither枯萎，凋谢。barren贫瘠的；不生育的。evaporate蒸发，消失。

12.After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries.

（分数：0.50）

A.examining √

B.stealing

C.copying

D.dictating

解析：[解析] 句意：经过对《希特勒日记》笔迹的仔细检查，专家称它为赝品。scrutinize详细检查，细看。examine检查，审查。steal剽窃，偷窃。copy复制，抄袭。dictate口述，听写。

13.The great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 demolished great sections of the beautiful city. （分数：0.50）

A.harmed

B.ruined √

C.relinquished

D.contaminated

解析：[解析] 句意：1906年旧金山地震将这座城市的很多地方摧毁了。demolish破坏，毁坏。ruin毁灭，毁坏。harm伤害，损害。relinquish放弃，废除。contaminate污染，弄脏。

14.The ulterior motives of women are impossible to guess.

（分数：0.50）

A.mysterious

B.covert √

C.unsteady

D.changeable

解析：[解析] 句意：女人的心思总是猜不透。ulterior(动机)隐秘的，秘而不宣的。covert隐秘的，秘密的。mysterious神秘的，难解的。unsteady不稳定的。changeable无常的，易变的。

15.His ______ nature will aid him in attaining success in this difficult job.

（分数：0.50）

A.imitative

B.catalytic

C.rotund

D.persevering √

解析：[解析] 句意：他坚韧的性格将会帮助他在艰难的工作中获得成功。persevering坚忍的，不屈不挠的。imitative模仿的，仿制的。catalytic起催化作用的。rotund圆胖的。

16.There was a period of ______ prior to their divorce, during which she went for a trip around the world and he stayed at home.

（分数：0.50）

A.strangeness

B.estrangement √

C.machination

D.frivolity

解析：[解析] 句意：在他们离婚前有一段疏远期，她去周游世界，而他则留在家里。estrangement疏远，失和。strangeness陌生，冷淡。machination阴谋，诡计。frivolity轻浮，轻薄。

17.A theory of noncooperation can be a certain method of ______ the friends with whom you work. （分数：0.50）

A.abominating

B.aborting

C.alienating

D.evaluating √

解析：[解析] 句意：假装不合作理论可以用来检验你身边的朋友是否真心。evaluate评价，评估。abominate 痛恨，憎恶。abort使中止；使流产。alienate使疏远，离间。

18.The economic stability of nations and continents is often affected by the abundance or ______ of natural resources.

（分数：0.50）

A.force

B.condensation

C.rainfall

D.dearth √

解析：[解析] 句意：一个国家经济的稳定常常受到自然资源的丰富与否的影响。dearth缺乏。force力量；魄力。condensation凝结，压缩。rainfall降雨量，降雨。

19.There is no reason to insult and ______ the man simply because you do not agree with him. （分数：0.50）

A.depict

B.distort

C.defame √

D.enhance

解析：[解析] 句意：没有必要因为意见不一就侮辱和诋毁别人。defame诽谤，中伤。depict描述，描画。distort扭曲，曲解。enhance提高，增加。

20.He failed the exam because none of his answers were ______ to the questions asked.

（分数：0.50）

A.pertinent √

B.omniscient

C.referential

D.elusive

解析：[解析] 句意：他之所以考试失利是因为他总是答非所问。pertinent相关的，相干的，切题的。omniscient全知的，无所不知的。elusive难懂的，难捉摸的。

21.The acceleration growth of public employment ______ the dramatic expansion of budgets and programs.

（分数：0.50）

A.parallels √

B.contains

C.revolves

D.populates

解析：[解析] 句意：就业的增长与扩大国家预算和计划的扩张相伴发生。parallel与……并行，与……并列。contain含有，包含。revolve旋转；循环出现。populate居住于；构成人口。

22.Not every ______ mansion, church, battle sits, theater, or other public hall can be preserved. （分数：0.50）

A.novel

B.structured √

C.unknown

D.venerable

解析：[解析] 句意：并不是所有的公寓、教堂、战场、剧院或者其它公共建筑都能够被保存下来。structured(建筑)有结构的，结构化的。novel新奇的，异常的。unknown未知的。venerable庄严的；值得尊敬的。

23.Man is still a ______ in the labor market.

（分数：0.50）

A.possibility

B.resumption

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9612088480.html,modity √

D.provision

解析：[解析] 句意：在劳动力市场上人仍然被当作可交易的商品。commodity商品；有价值的东西。possibility可能性；可能发生的事。resumption恢复；重获。provision食品供应；储备物资。

24.By the time you get to Washington tomorrow, I ______ for Chicago.

（分数：0.50）

A.am leaving

B.will leave

C.shall have left √

D.had left

解析：[解析] 句意：等到你明天抵达华盛顿的时候，我应该已经动身去了芝加哥。根据tomorrow可以判断句子的时态是将来时，shall have done表示将来已经完成的动作。leave for动身去……。

25.The company ______ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.

（分数：0.50）

A.is promised

B.has been promising √

C.is promising

D.promised

解析：[解析] 句意：公司承诺的涨工资一直没有兑现。根据for ages可以判断句子表示一直在发生并且还将继续的动作，故用现在完成进行时，选项B正确。

26.Once ______, this power station will supply all the neighbouring towns and villages with electricity.

（分数：0.50）

A.it being completed

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9612088480.html,pleted √

C.it was completed

D.it completing

解析：[解析] 句意：一旦建成，这座电站将会给附近所有城镇供电。主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，从句的主语和谓语动词可以省略。

27.______ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.

（分数：0.50）

A.Judged the best √

B.Judging the best

C.To be judged the best

D.Having judged the best

解析：[解析] 句意：凭借最近的科学竞赛，三名学生获得了总计2.1万美金的奖学金。句中的主语the three students与judge是逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动意义，故使用过去分词表被动意义，再者judge在句中的搭配为judge+宾语+形容词(判断……为……，认为……是……)。

28.______ with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces.

（分数：0.50）

A.Dissatisfying thoroughly

B.To dissatisfy thoroughly

C.Being thoroughly dissatisfied √

D.To be thoroughly dissatisfied

解析：[解析] 句意：玛丽对图画非常不满意，于是将它撕成了碎片。主句和从句主语相同，并且谓语动词为系动词时省略从句主语和系动词，加上being变成了省略句。

29.Investigators agreed that passengers ______ on the airliner at the very moment of the crash. （分数：0.50）

A.should have died

B.must be dying

C.must have died √

D.ought to die

解析：[解析] 句意：调查人员一致认为飞机乘客是在坠落的瞬间丧命的。根据agreed可以判断，主句时态是过去式，从句是对过去的虚拟，但是语气非常肯定，所以选项C正确。

30.Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ______ during the day.

（分数：0.50）

A.should have done

B.would have done

C.must have done

D.may have done √

解析：[解析] 句意：调查发现，不管我们白天可能做了什么事，我们每天晚上都会有两个小时在做梦。may have done表示“(不管我们白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。should have done本该做(但实际未做)。would have done表示与过去相反的假设。must have done是对已发生的情况作肯定推测。

31.He appreciated ______ the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature,

（分数：0.50）

A.having given

B.to have been given

C.to have given

D.having been given √

解析：[解析] 句意：他非常感激有机会在一年一度的比较文学研讨会上介绍他的论文。本题考核非谓语动词作宾语及动词语态的用法。appreciate后面必须接名词或动名词，本句题意要求使用被动语态，故选D。

32.Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, ______ water shortage is the worst.

（分数：0.50）

A.not to mention

B.of which √

C.let alone

D.for what

解析：[解析] 句意：住在沙漠里会有很多问题，其中缺水是最为严重的。of可以表示整体与部分的关系，of which引导从句，在此句中表明缺水是众多问题中的一个。

33.______ will Mr. Smith be able to regain control of the company.

（分数：0.50）

A.With hard work

B.Only if he works hardly

C.In spite of his hard work

D.Only with hard work √

解析：[解析] 句意：只有通过努力工作史密斯先生才能够再次掌控这个公司。本题考查强调句。Only+状语放在句首时，使用部分倒装，这道题中加的是介词短语with hard work，选项D正确。

34.Henry took a bus and headed home, ______ if his wife would have him back.

（分数：0.50）

A.not to know

B.not known

C.not knowing √

D.not having known

解析：[解析] 句意：亨利坐公共汽车回家去了，不知道他的妻子是否在等他。not knowing为现在分词短语，作伴随状语。

35.He concluded his speech with a remark that failure ______ the mother of success.

（分数：0.50）

A.is √

B.were

C.was

D.must be

解析：[解析] 句意：他用“失败乃成功之母”这句话结束了他的发言。表示客观事实或普遍真理时，句子通常用一般现在时，此类句子的时态不受其它分句时态限制。

36.It is only when you nearly lose someone ______ fully conscious of how much you value him. （分数：0.50）

A.do you become

B.then you become

C.that you become √

D.have you become

解析：[解析] 句意：只有当你差点失去了某个人，你才能充分认识到你是多么地在乎他。考查强调句型It is/was+强调部分+that…，这里强调的是时间状语only when you nearly lose someone。

37.Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect it in various social ______.

（分数：0.50）

A.occasions √

B.cases

C.situations

D.circumstances

解析：[解析] 句意：接下来是对韩国人在各种场合的行为的评论。occasion场合。case情况，实例。situation 情况，处境。circumstance环境，情况。

38.It was ______ that we felt tired when we arrived.

（分数：0.50）

A.a so long travel

B.such a long travel

C.such a long journey √

D.such a so long journey

解析：[解析] 句意：旅途实在是太长了，我们到达的时候已经累得不行了。such+a+形容词+名词；so+形容词+a+名词。journey通常用于指陆地上的旅行，距离远、时间长，而且不一定要返回出发地；travel指一个人到居住地以外的地方所做的短暂旅行，但不一定要呆在那里。

39.The suspect at last admitted ______ the stolen goods, but he denied ______.

（分数：0.50）

A.receiving √

B.to receive

C.receiving

D.to receive

解析：[解析] 句意：嫌犯终于承认自己收到了被盗物品，但是他否认是自己偷的。admit/deny doing sth. 表示承认/否认已经做过某事，表示的是过去发生了的事情，根据句中时态可知，选项A符合题意。

40.The doctor advised Tom to stay in bed, saying he was much ______.

（分数：0.50）

A.ill enough

B.too ill √

C.so ill

D.very ill

解析：[解析] 句意：医生建议Tom躺在床上休息，因为他还病得不轻。为强调程度的大小，可以在副词too的前面加上much、far、a little等词。此句中much用来修饰too ill，其余选项均不适合。

二、Part Ⅱ Proof Reading (总题数：1，分数：10.00)

When you read a piece of technical writing in English at the first time, 1

or when you first hear scientists or engineers talking English, you may 2

find it difficult to understand what is written or spoken, particularly if

you have learned English as a language of every day conversation and

of literature. You may think there is a special species of English which is 3

used only in science and technology and which has to be learned as separate 4

language. You may also feel that somehow English of science, and technology 5

is less difficult than everyday English. In fact, technical English does differ 6

from everyday language because of the specialized contexts in which it was 7

used and because of the specialized interests of scientists and engineers. But

the differences do not present any great problems until they have been recognized. 8 However, the vocabulary of any technical discussions may include words which

have never used outside the question. If you do not know the subject, you will not 9 understand what is said or written, even if English is your native mother tongue. 10 （分数：10.00）

解析：at改为for[解析] 表示“第一次”正确的表达是for the first time。

解析：English前加in[解析] “用英语交谈”正确的表达是talking in English。

解析：species改为kind[解析] species指物种，kind指种类。

解析：as后加a[解析] 根据主谓一致原则，English是一门语言，应该用单数的不定冠词。

解析：English前加the[解析] 这里特指科技领域的英语，应该使用定冠词。

解析：less改为more[解析] 根据句意可知，科技英语比日常英语的难度应该更大，故应使用more。

解析：was改为is[解析] 根据differ可知此句时态为一般现在时，故用is。

解析：until改为once[解析] 句意：一旦它们的区别被人理解了，也就不会造成多大问题。根据上下文可知此句为假设。

解析：used前加been[解析] 根据句意，words和use之间是被动的关系，此处缺少被动词。

解析：though改为if[解析] even though和even if都可以表示“即使，即便，纵然”。但是，even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的，even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的。

三、Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

四、Section One (总题数：3，分数：30.00)

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor, for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability, were thought to account for their success.

Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of

attractive overnight successes.

Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive women has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive women in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.

This is true even in politics." When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently." says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote them.

The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.（分数：10.00）

(1).The underlined word " liability " in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______.（分数：2.00）

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage √

D.burden

解析：[解析] 词义题。第一段的前半部分主要讲述了吸引力的好处，但通过but一词，笔锋一转，预示下文将要讨论个人魅力的缺点，即在行政领域它是一个不利条件，选项C正确。

(2).In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ______.（分数：2.00）

A.reinforces the feminine qualities required

B.makes women look more honest and capable

C.is of primary importance to women

D.often enables women to succeed quickly √

解析：[解析] 推断题。根据第六段的“an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs”(有吸引力的女人在传统以女性为主的职业上更有优势)可知，吸引力可以帮助女性在女性为主的工作中获得成功，选项D正确。

(3).Bowen"s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ______.

A. turns out to be an obstacle men

B affects men and women alike

C. has as little effect on men as women

D. is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women（分数：2.00）

A.

B.

C.

D. √

解析：[解析] 推断题。结合文章最后两段可知，对男人而言个人魅力是其优势而对女人而言则恰恰相反，即更多的是不利条件，选项D正确。

(4).It can be inferred from the passage that people"s views on beauty are often ______.（分数：

2.00）

A.practical

B.humorous

C.funny

D.radical √

解析：[解析] 推断题。本文主要论述了人们对吸引力的看法，从作者使用“even”这样的词可知其态度是带有批判性的，人们大多是因领域和性别不同而保持固有观点，都比较“极端”或“偏激”，选项D正确。

(5).The author writes this passage to ______.（分数：2.00）

A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractive √

B.demand equal fights for women

C.give advice to job-seekers who are attractive women in executive and political circles

D.emphasize the importance of appearance

解析：[解析] 主旨题。文章着重论述了个人魅力在某些领域对于女人而言是不利因素，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了讨论个人魅力的弊端，选项A正确。

In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the center of an intense philosophical debate. In particular, many authors have criticized traditional morality, maintaining that the way in which we treat members of other species is ethically indefensible. We routinely use animals as means to our ends—in fact, we treat them in ways in which we would deem it profoundly immoral to treat human being. Though they are "moral patients", that is, beings whose treatment may be subject to moral evaluation—their status is infinitely inferior to ours. Are such double standards warranted? And, if so, on what grounds?

While not being completely overlooked by philosophers, the first justification offered is powerful and widespread at the societal level, mainly due to its simplicity. To the question of what divides us from the other animals, the answer is: the fact that they are not human. On such a view, what makes the difference is the possession, or lack, of a genotype characteristics of the species Homo sapiens. Is this a good reply? No. Those appealing to species membership work within the framework of the human egalitarian paradigm. And it is just the line of reasoning that supports human equality that implies, by denying the moral relevance of race or sex membership, the rejection of the idea that species membership in itself can make a difference in moral status. If one claims that biological characteristic like race and sex cannot play a role in ethics, how can one attribute a role to another biological characteristics such as species membership? Moral views that, while rejecting racism and sexism, accept "speciesism"—the view that grants members of our own species special moral status—are internally inconsistent.

Sheer speciesism is hardly plausible. But there are more sophisticated ways of defending our current double standards to which the theoretical defenders of the status quo tend to turn. For most philosophers, it is not species membership rather than the possession of rationality that plays a central role. We can set aside for the sake of argument the (questionable) assumption that rationality is a human prerogative in order to focus on the moral significance attached to rationality.

Though many other defences of the doctrine of human superiority have been put forward, the appeal to species membership, the appeal to the possession of rationality, as a precondition of morals, and the appeal to this very same characteristic as a means to intersubjective agreement are certainly the most basic, around which all the others revolve. If none of them can justify maintaining nonhuman animals in their present inferior moral condition, it seems plausible to infer that our current attitude is deeply flawed.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to traditional morality, ______.（分数：2.00）

A.animals are rarely thought of as "moral patients"

B.Animals should not be used as means to our ends

C.the ways in which we treat animals is obviously improper

D.the way in which we treat animals now is undisputed √

解析：[解析] 根据文章第一段，传统的道德观中，人们认为残暴的对待动物是理所当然的。文中“ethically indefensible”与选项D中“undisputed”照应，其它选项与题意不相符。

(2).In this passage, the author ______ the double standards we use to treat other species.（分数：2.00）

A.challenges √

B.defends

C.justifies

D.verifies

解析：[解析] 根据文章第一段结尾的设问可知，作者意在向双重标准发起挑战。justify和defend是后

文作者假设的态度，并不是作者自己的观点，故排除。

(3).The first justification offered for the double standards we use to treat other species is ______.（分数：2.00）

A.simplicity

B.racism and sexism

C.species membership √

D.human equality

解析：[解析] 根据第二段的论述，“species membership”是双重标准借以自卫的第一点。simplicity

说的是这一辩护简单干脆直接，指的是性质，不是辩护本身的内容，排除选项A。选项B和D也是作者提

到的支撑论点的其他主张，不符合题意。

(4).Another way used to defend the double standards is ______.（分数：2.00）

A.sheer speciecism

B.the possession of rationality √

C.for the sake of argument

D.the moral significance

解析：[解析] 根据文章第三段，除了“species membership”，另一个借以自卫的方式是“the possession of rationality”(是否有合理性)，选项B正确。

(5).The author"s attitude toward the way in which we currently treat nonhuman animals is ______.（分数：2.00）

A.impartial

B.indifferent

C.crucial

D.critical √

解析：[解析] 作者态度判断题。作者首先提出我们对动物的不公正对待，然后站在反方的角度论述了其理据，其目的无非是证明我们当下的态度是值得批判的。选项D正确。

Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera"s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary. the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.

Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standing ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery, of time as well as space.

Besides developing the cinema"s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it includes not only the standard comedies,

melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he made Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length or one reel. Griffith"s introduction of the American-made multireel picture began immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethlia an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacie reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour"s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.（分数：10.00）

(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.（分数：2.00）

A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema √

B.deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith

C.Analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multireel film

D.Document Griffith"s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films

解析：[解析] 本文第一段是关于Griffith在电影摄影方面的创新，第二段是关于他的独特电影剪辑，第三段则是他对电影题材和长度的革新，总体看来，全文都在展示Griffith对于电影发展的重要性，故选A。

(2).The author suggests that Griffith"s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.00）

A.film editing

B.camera work

C.scene composing

D.sound editing √

解析：[解析] 根据文章第二段第一句可知，Griffith通过富有创意的电影剪辑获得戏剧效果，排除选项A。根据第一段中“By 1910，…a sense of spectacle and distance”可知，他运用特写镜头表现场景的细节，长镜头表现壮观的场景和远景，因此Griffith在场景安排和摄影方面都有创新，排除选项B与C，选项D是正确答案。

(3).The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.00）

A.consideration of social issues √

B.photographic approaches inspired by Victorian paintings

C.dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater

D.the flashbacks and other editing techniques

解析：[解析] 根据第一段第三句可知，维多利亚时代的绘画对Griffith影响很深，选项B正确。第二段，作者提到戏剧性情节和回放手法，选项C和D也正确。只有选项A无中生有，是本题正确答案。

(4).It can be inferred from the passage that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）

A.The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible

B.The most important element contributing to a film"s success is the ability of the actors

C.The camera must be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film √

D.The proper composition of scenes in a film is more important than the details of their editing 解析：[解析] 根据文章三个段落的描述，Griffith在摄影方面作了很多努力，以获得更好的戏剧效果，选项C“摄影应当被看作是电影创作中一个不可或缺的、活跃的要素”是正确答案。

(5).The author"s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can best be described as ______.（分数：2.00）

A.sympathetic

B.condescending √

C.amused

D.nostalgic

解析：[解析] 文章第一段提到Griffith之前的电影摄影，那时的电影摄影仅仅是把演员放到静止的摄像机前，拍下他们的全身像，就像他们站在舞台上的样子。从这句话的语气来看，作者暗示这样做很落后、很呆板，所以他的态度是带着优越感的，认为现代的摄影技术要高得多，选项D正确。

五、Section Two (总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Cooperation is the only safeguard we have against the development of neurotic tendencies. It is therefore very important that children should be trained and encouraged in cooperation, and should be allowed to find their own way amongst children of their age, in common task and shared games. Any barrier to cooperation will have serious consequences. The spoilt child, for example, who has learned to be interested only in himself, will take this lack of interest in others to school in him. His lessons will interest him only in so far as he things he can gain his teachers" favor. He will listen only to what he considers advantageous to himself. As he approaches adulthood, the result of his lack of social feeling will become more and more evident. When he first misconstrued the meaning of life, he ceased training himself for responsibility and independence. By now he is painfully ill-equipped for life"s tests and difficulties.

We cannot blame a child for his early mistakes. We can only help him to correct them and remember them when he begins to suffer the consequences. We do not expect a child who has never been taught geography to score high marks in an examination paper on the subject. Similarly we cannot expect a child who has never been trained in cooperation to respond appropriately when tasks that demand cooperation are set before him. But all of life"s problems demand an ability to cooperate if they are to be resolved; every task must be mastered within the framework of human society and in a way that furthers human welfare. Only the individual who understand that life means contribution will be able to meet his difficulties with courage and with a good chance of success.

If teachers, parents and psychologists understand the mistakes that can be made in ascribing a meaning to life, and provided they do not make the same mistakes themselves, we can be confident that children who lack social feeling will eventually develop a better sense of their own capacities and of the opportunities in life. When they meet problems, they will not stop trying; they will not look for an easy way out, try to escape or throw the burden onto the shoulders of others; they will not feel humiliated and seek revenge, or ask, "What is the use of life? What do I get from it?" they will say," We must make our own lives. It is our own task and we are capable of performing it. We are masters of our own actions. If something new must be done or something old replaced, no one can do it but ourselves." If life is approached in this way, as a cooperation of independent beings, there are no limits to the progress of our human civilization.（分数：10.00）

(1).What is the main idea of this passage ?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Children should be trained in cooperation and contribution.[解析] 本文分三段，分别论述了娇惯的孩子的问题、合作与贡献的重要性，以及如何帮助孩子正确处理挫折。作者的主要意图在于说明孩子们需要接受合作与贡献方面的教育，帮助他们成长为完整的社会人。

(2).How would a spoilt child respond to challenges in life when he approaches adulthood?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：He will react with no responsibility and independence.[解析] 根据第一段最后三句话可知，娇惯的孩子成年后在面对挫折的时候往往缺乏责任感和独立性。

(3).Who can face all of life"s problems with bravery and is less likely to lose?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Those who understand cooperation and contribution.[解析] 根据文章第二段，能够很好应对问题并取得成功的是那些懂得合作与贡献的孩子。

(4).What should we do when the child begins to suffer the consequences of his early mistakes?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：()

解析：We should help him correct and remember them.[解析] 根据文章第二段前两句话可知，孩子犯错时我们应该帮助他改正，并记住不再犯。

(5).What can be inferred from the dialogue in the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：()

解析：The author is optimistic about the future of children.[解析] 根据第三段主题句，作为师长的我们应该以身作则，这样的话孩子也会向着正面的方向发展，对问题不会回避。作者虚拟的对话正是起到支撑论点的作用。

六、Part Ⅳ Writing(总题数：1，分数：30.00)

41.With globalization in the modern world, people have different opinions as to whether there should be a universal language. Do you think it necessary to have a worldwide standard language, say King"s English?

（分数：30.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：()

解析：

On the Universal Language

With the deepening of globalization, the issue of universal language has attracted considerable attention. People"s viewpoints vary a lot. In my opinion, it is necessary to have a worldwide standard language. While there"s no denying that a common language should never replace our mother tongue.

A universal language can be an effective means for all human beings to participate in this rapid developing world. Though universal language may not be narrowed down to Esperanto or English only, the wide use of English nowadays proves that a common language is helpful to economic growth and cultural exchange as well. English has been gaining momentum since the beginning of 21st century and it contributes to the prosperity of many nations. Language is so important that even the United Nations specifies English, Chinese, French, Russian, Arabian and Spanish as its official languages. And English is without doubt the most important one among all other languages in the world. It"s hard to imagine what would come about if the leaders don"t speak a common language at all. According to the Bible, God has created a place named Babel, where people hold different languages so that no disagreement or agreement will be reached. That, of course, is not what modem people would like to see. Without common language, millions of activities like diplomacy and foreign trade would be absolutely pipe dream.

However, the importance of universal language can"t be over emphasized for it would be a long process for people from such a diversified world to accept one common language apart from their mother tongue. But it"s still possible because the indispensable role of English has made it a trend for us to master it so are we able to embrace a more colorful world. What really matters is that we may acquire more than one language like most Europeans do, but a universal language will certainly facilitate the integration of regional development.

试题3 研究生 学位英语

试题3 Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Of all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to he said about the humble button. Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out. history does not relate!) Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could lie called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs. On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way. With regard lo the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords. So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons. 51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons? A. They have little function. B. They are the only useful accessory. C. They receive the least attention among accessories. D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes. 52. According to the author, _______. . A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times B. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century C. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13lh century D. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history 53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________. A. were a symbol of wealth B. were occasionally put on clothes C. began to have practical functions D. represented the wearers' artistic taste 54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once______. A. loved by every citizen B. banned because they were a craze C. considered harmful and nobody wore them D. forbidden on the upper arms 55. It seems to the author that buttons A. are worth a second look B. have never served any function

2014年6月六级翻译真题答案及解析

卷一： 真题：中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 参考答案： The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some o f which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, forexa mple, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money withoutlimits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. T heword dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarde d as a special wordto call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gol d when th e gold price decreasedsharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, ab out 120 Chinesewords have been added to it, becoming a part of English lang uage. 卷二： 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一 年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。 Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction. 卷三： 北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

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