上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳
上海中考英语各语法点基
础考点归纳
Prepared on 21 November 2021
冠词
一、固定词组
1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies,
play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same
2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight
3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,
二、专有名词前
1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，
但是 the United Sates 要加 the
2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,
3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains
三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词
1. for breakfast/lunch/supper
2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter
3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday
4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,N ovember,December
四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用
the
1. the sun, the moon, the earth
2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth
3. the biggest, the most popular
4. the only key
五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor
六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音
1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform
2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle
an X-ray photograph, an MBA course, There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )
介词
分类记忆：
一、时间介词
具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词
On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,
二、地点介词
三、短语中固定搭配的介词
care for, based on, in one’s thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, add…to,
四、方式介词by， with
by bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit card
write with a pen, say it in English
五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的
of/ among + 代词，名词或数词， in+ 表示地点或集体的名词
John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest ______ them.
代词
一、人称代词
1.顺序：单数：二、三、一复数：一、二、三
John sits among ______, _______ and me.
A. Mary…you
B. she…you
C. you…Mary
D. you…she
2.主格宾格：主格——主语，宾格——宾语（动词或介词后）
The journalist interviewed ________. (he, his, him)
I show_______ around the city. (they, their, them)
3. 名词性物主代词
The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but ______ is big and modern.(they, them,. their, theirs)
Mum, have you ever seen Danny’s sports shoes I want a pair like _______. (he)
a friend of mine/ his/ my father’s
I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______
4、反身代词
enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learn…by oneself= teach oneself
I made it myself.
I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______
it________
不定代词
1.the other, others, another, the others
Some…._______ One…_________
another + 可数名词的单数
固定词组一个接着一个 _________________
Will you please show me _________ one
Have _______ try, and you’ll succeed.
2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置
something necessary
3.either_______, neither______, both______, all_______, none________
The report says __________ of the two countries in Asia supports the war. After you get off the bus, you can take ________ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.
either side both sides
4.few, a few, little, a little
It’s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of
_______ words.
A. few
B. little
C. many
D. much
数词
1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people
2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and 365
3、序数词的拼写
One_______ , two__________, three_________ Four________, five________, eight_________, twelve________, nine_______, twenty_________, twenty-
one_____________
5.分数
1/2____________ 2/3__________, 3/ 4_________, 3/5_________
6、百分比 30 percent
7、日期表达 February 12，1809
two hours and a half =two and a half hours a ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.
He is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.
It’s ten minutes’ walk. It’s a ten-minute walk.
名词
1. 变复数
potato______ tomato______ hero______ Negro_______ photo______(两人两菜加s, 其他加es)
boy______ toy_________, dictionary_________, (只有辅音+y 结尾变y为ies)
beach___________(s, x, ch, sh,结尾的名词复数+es)
life, thief ,leaf, knife(fe, f结尾的名词，把f, fe变为ves)
2. 可数名词与不可数名词
many children much information
a few books a little time
some boys some time
a couple of days a basket of fruit
修饰可数名词的： few, a few, many, a large number of, a couple of
修饰不可数名词的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of
既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的： plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some
3. 名词所有格
my father’s friend= a friend of my father’s， the teachers’ office，the Children’s Palace
形容词/ 副词
1、形容词的用法：
1）系动词后做表语 The comedy is very funny
2）在名词前作定语 It’s a funny comedy
3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch. 4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bob’s mother excited.
You’d better keep the window open.
2、副词的用法：
1）修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.
2）修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.
3）修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize
3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级
The Bund looks much _________ at night. (pretty)
He looks a little __________(happy)
4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late
5、as…as not as/ so…as句型
中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词
The driver drove as ___________ as usual.
A. most carefully
B. more careful
C. careful
D. carefully
6、一些特殊句型
The 比较级主语+谓语， the 比较级主语+谓语，The earlier…, the better…the fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better
疑问词
How far (ten minutes’ walk)
How soon (in ten minutes)
How fast (a mile in ten minutes)
How long (for ten minutes)
How often (twice a day)
How many (two)
How much (two yuan/two kilos)
1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99)
______ ______ he go to the hospital
2. We have a class meeting once a week. (00)
______ ______ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space
3. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here. (04)
______ ______ this sign mean
4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)
______ did London ______ the first World Expo
5. The students’ projects will be on show in three days. (06)
______ ______ will the students’ projects be on show
动词
连系动词:
1.be 动词
2.感官动词：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, look
3.表示变化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn
4. 表示保持的：keep, stay, remain
5. 似乎是seem
情态动词:
May I watch TV No, you mustn’t/ may not/ can’t.
Must I do the work No, you needn’t.
may be 可能是 must be 一定是can’t be 不可能是You needn’t help him.= You don’t need to help him.
1. We ______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (04)
A) may B) should C) can D) need
2. A: ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir
B: No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. (05)
A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must
3. My mother ______ make rice dumplings. She’ll teach me how to do it.
(06)
A) must B) need C) should D) can
使役动词：make, let, have sb. do sth.
动词的时态和语态:
一般现在时主语+do/ does
1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often , always,
usually ,sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用；
2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.
3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来
时从句用一般现在时
I will tell him as soon as he comes back.
一般过去时主语+did
1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past
2、过去习惯性动作 used to do
一般将来时 will/ shall do
1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；
2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生
的事情；
there is going to be
3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave,
leave for
I’m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing
常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be
careful
Look, Jane’s grandma ________ with some aged people.
A. dances
B. danced
C. is dancing
D. was dancing
过去进行时 was/ were + doing
常用时间状语 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.
也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句
When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.
现在完成时 have/ has + done
1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.
2. already & yet
I have already read the book, (改否定句)
I _____ read the book _____.
3. since&for
I have learned English since 2004 (对划线部分提问)
I have learned English for 10 years （同上）
4. 延续性动词和瞬间动词
Ｉ______ this book for a week.
A. have bought
B. have had
C. bought
D. buy
现在完成时 had + done
1.表示过去的过去，常用的时间状语：by the end of last year, before I entered the school
2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中
He told me that he had been to China twice.
被动语态：
1.构成：be+及物动词的过去分词p.p
2. 时态的变化主要体现在be 的变化
一般现在时 am/ is/ are+p.p, 一般过去时was/were+ p.p
现在完成时 has/ have been +p.p 一般将来时will be +p.p
情态动词should/ may/ must/ can/ could… + be+ p. p
3. 先划出句子的谓语部分———写出动词原形——判断时态——注意主语的单复数Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory ____ ____ by Jane last month.
1.wrote————
2. write—wrote—written——
3. was/ were written——
4. 主
语是several articles , 因此是were written
非谓语动词1——动词不定式
1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream
2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike
3. 表语 My father’ s job is to make sick people better.
4. 定语 We have got a new project to do
5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard
6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well
7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail
8. 宾语从句改成简单句
I don’t know what I can do next
I don’t know _____ ______ do next.
9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to
一感feel，二听listen to, hear，三让make, let, have，四看see, watch, notice, observe
非谓语动词2——动名词
1. 主语 Smoking isn’t allowed in public places
2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.
3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps
4. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.
反意疑问句
1、划出句子中的谓语部分
You could hardly believe the news,____ _____
情态动词有： can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to
2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost，set, cut, put, set, fit, read,
spread
The bad news spread fast, ____ _____
3、有些词表示否定的意思
little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, none, nothing
4、判断现在完成时，过去完成时，看后面有没有过去分词
He has a little of milk for his breakfast, _____ _____
Jack has never been to Guangzhou, _____ _____
5、反意部分只能用代词，不能用名词，先画出主句部分的主语，再判断代词用什么。
Your mother has never tired of shopping, _____ ____
Jim’s parents are never late for their work, ____ ____
The bad news spread fast, ____ _____
6、特殊的反义疑问句
You’d better finish your homework, _____ _____谓语动词had better do，
后面反意部分仍用助动词had
Let’s go sightseeing on Christmas Day, _____ ____
Close the door, ____ _____
Don’t open the window,______ ______
9.There is little time left, ______ ________
Excises:
1. You could hardly believe the news,____ _____
2. Your mother has never tired of shopping, _____ ____
3. The coat cost John a month’s pay, ______ _____
4. Jim’s parents are never late for their work, ____ ____
5. The lady always has a cup of tea after dinner, _____ ____
6. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, _____ _____
7. There is little time left, ______ ________