高等学校研究生英语系列教材(听说教程)(上)(提高) 听力书听力原文及答案(1-8Unit)

Unit 0ne

Listening for content

1A

1B

ABBD 2A

BDAA

2B

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

BCDBD

2

DCCAA

3

FTTFFTFT

Unit Two

Listening for content

1A

1B

TTTFTT

2A

2B BDA

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

ADDBA

2

BDDDB

3A

Unit Three

Listening for content

1

DBCBA

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

DABDC

2

BDACC

CBADA Unit Four

Listening for content

1A

1B DCAB

2A

DABAC 2B

3A

3B

1

ACDAA

2

BCDAB

3

Listening for content

1

CABCA

2A

BDC

2B

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

ACCCD

2

DBCBA

3

TFTTFTFT

Unit Six

Listening for content

1A

1B BCD

2A

CDB

2B

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

DCBCD 2

DADCB

3

FTTTTFFF

Unit Seven

Listening for content

1A

CBABD

1B

2A

FTTFTFTF

2B

3A

3B

Follow-up

1

ABACA

2

DCBBA 3

ADCBD

Unit Eight

Listening for content

1

1B BAD

2A

BBA

3A

3B

Follow-up 1

BACDA

2 BBCAA

3 FFTFTTFT

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

(完整版)Unit研究生英语综合教程上单词

Unit1 academia 学术界acumen 敏锐due 应给的，欠下的ambiguous 不明确的ambiguity 不明确brink 始发点；边缘collaborative 协作的，合作的collaborator 合作者，协作者contributor 投稿人，撰稿人conviction 坚定的信仰或主张expertise 专门知识，专门技能foster 培养，促进，助长headhunter 猎头lone wolf 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset 思维定式mitigate 缓和，减轻mobilize 争取支持，动用资源newbie 新手，网络新用户outshine 优于…,使…黯然失perception 看法，认识prioritize 使…优先prospective 预期的，未来的，可能的scary 可怕的studied 经过深思熟虑的teamwork 合作，协作，配合transition 过渡，转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求，寻求make up 编造（说法、解释）pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one’s neck on the line 冒险stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出；显眼adherence 坚守，信守affirm 肯定，强化autonomy 自主能力blockhead 笨蛋，蠢人brief 案情摘要，案情简介civility 礼貌，客气cost effective 低成本高利润的cut-rate 减价销售cynical 愤世嫉俗的dealing 商业活动，商业往来discource 谈话，交谈eminent 著名的，有名望的unit2 aftertaste 余味apportion 分配，分摊apprentice 学徒broth 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic 陶瓷的chili pepper 辣椒粉chrysanthemum 菊（花）collective 集体的，共同的commemorate 纪念，庆祝culinary 烹饪的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝，代eccentric 怪异的，古怪的exquisite 精致的facet 一个方面fare 食物ferment 使…发酵filling 馅fragrance 香味garnish 装饰菜ginger 姜glutinous 很黏的greasy 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious 和睦的，融洽的humility 谦逊，谦恭improvise 即兴表演，即席而作light 味清淡的;浓度低的；易消化的lingering 经久不消的literally 逐字地；照着原文longevity 长寿maw 动物的嘴precept 戒律，准则reed 芦苇reign 统治时期renowned 著名的scallop 扇贝seniority 年长，职位高specialty 特色菜stew 炖，焖

《当代研究生英语》1-8单元翻译和课后答案.doc

Unit 1 A: formerly, embrace, artificial, regulate, precisely, unwanted, extraneous, passionate, be targeted to, at hand, be sued for B: ACBDB BBACD Unit 2 A.uncovered, concurred, accompanies, frustrated, stereotype, switching, dismissed, distracted, adapted, assume, probe, subordinate B.BADB ADAC Unit 3 A.intricate, approximately, earthquake, versatile, isolated, reverse, as well as, interdependent, multiply, live on, kill off, out of true, qualify, (not) at all, spontaneously B.DABCA BCABC Unit 4 A.on, up, by, in, behind, behind, through, in, out, in, on, in, by, out, up, with, down, off, away, in B.prime, constantly, at regular intervals, at arm's length, come off, got over, yielded, be put into operation, challenging, resort to, swarming with, take in Unit 5 A.find out, community, convert, make sense, ecstasy, replace, more or less, at least, intractable, make out B.BDABC BCACA Cloze: quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if, greater than, common-sense, turn out to be, increases, in the direction of, complaints, the Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as, not only Unit 6 A.acbacabb B.singaled, steer, stand out, stand up for, secondary, stand by, steered, pulled up, pulled into, expire Unit 7 A.get the better of, futility, one-way, unnerve, unscramble, chaotic, haphazardness, catch, smog, flute, depressing, nil, random, distress, institution, congregate B.DBCAB CADBC CC Unit8 A. 1. boom 2.hybrid 3. executive 4. returns 5. apart from 6. unparalleled 7. bring about 8. stillborn 9. strategy 10. subsequent 11. figure out 12. leave over B. 1. C 2.D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10. Bll.A 12.C 新生的亿万富翁 ■1最近所呈现的技术进步，新商务的欣欣何荣，以及个人财富的急剧增长是过去25年中计算机产业形成的第三次，也是最令人瞩目的一次浪潮。第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬 件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和III金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片，于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。接着他 们又生产了用以指令计算机操作的逻辑硅芯片。随后，许多公司也开始生产计算机。 ■2在硬件时代获得巨大财富的包括Hewlett and Packard家族，惠普公司 --------- 该公司在硅时代前就通过经营科学仪器开始赚钱。总资产为100亿美元的Packard基金会最近超过了福特基金会，成为全美国第三大私人基金会。90年代占统治地位的硬件公司是Intel

当代研究生英语读写教程答案,上册,外语教学与研究出版社,完整版

一，选择 1，This book (contains) all the information you need. 2，The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3，As a teacher you should not show (inclination) towards any of your students. 4，Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection. 5，How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes? 6，We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning. 7，That matter can be left (over) until our next morning. 8，I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office. 9，It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on). 10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary. 11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing. 12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up. 13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses). 14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth. 15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around). 16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight. 17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years. 21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages. 22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students. 23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains. 24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate). 25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined). 28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool. 29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules. 30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages. 32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened. 33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works. 34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what…… 35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break. 36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines. 37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer. 38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom. 39, inhale (breathe in) 40, scent (fragrance) 41, beam (smile happily) 42, solid (heavy) 43, suspicious (unbelieving) 44, steady (regular) 45, accomplishment (success)

当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译(后五章)

Unit Six 洛城邂逅 混凝土、烟雾及晨色将好莱坞高速公路立交桥下的奥尔瓦多街笼罩在特有的灰色之中，车辆堵塞在路上，几乎一动不动。杰克无精打采地坐在车里，对此并不真的在乎，因为他知道，如果试图往左转，开到高速路入口，情况可能会糟糕得多。好在他不用每天这样，如果有人问他，他会肯定地说，以后也决不这样。稳定的工作有其优点，他不否认考虑过这件事。他需要一台调频收音机，安装在一辆比他现在开的这辆58款别克更好的车上。好一点的车有天鹅绒内饰，有为洛城的夏天而设计的电控装置，为冬天开往海滩而设计的精美电热器和除霜器，还有为长途旅行设计的导航控制器，当然车的前后都有声音优美的喇叭，窗户一摁就能关好，将外面高速公路上恼人的噪音隔绝。实际上，他可能不得不改变整个生活方式。富有异国情调的古龙香水、长毛绒服装、光线暗淡的夜总会、代基里酒、身穿丝绸长礼服、佩戴项链的女子，她们如同特奎拉酒广告里的女子一样，朦朦胧胧而又富有魅力。只要让他的想像驰骋，杰克会想像出许多可能的东西。 杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。 杰克想开过这辆丰田车，但又怕前面的车挡路。当他在几辆车前的路边停下来时，又突然觉得这些车反而有助于他逃走。他使劲关了两次车门，一方面是为了将车门关紧，同时也再给自己一秒钟时间盘算。然后，他走到别克车的前面，又走到车后面，看看保险杠及其周围是否碰坏。然而，镀鉻层上连明显的划痕都没有。于是他精神振作起来了。虽然比起启动性能和行驶性能来，车的外表之美是次要的，但他这些年取得的少数显著成就之一便是：他的汽车车身和喷漆上除了几处小小的刮痕以外还完好无损。 杰克没有先去跟丰田汽车司机说话，因为从她的表情可以看出，她可能会给他增添更多的麻烦，所以，他先是向撞了他的车的司机打了个手势。这时那个司机还坐在车里，但已将车停在了丰田车的后面。杰克向他挥挥手，摇摇头，让他知道什么问题也没有。这位司机也向杰克挥了挥手，便开动汽车走了。 “连漆都没擦伤，”杰克用他特有的口气对她说，“你怎么样?车碰坏了吗?我倒是有点希望如此，这样，我们便可以多停留一会儿，聊一聊什么的。要不，你现在把电话号码给我，免得我以后还得跟你贫嘴，问你再要。” 杰克把她的微笑当作一个好兆头，便松了一口气。他吸人的是她身上散发的香味儿，就好像是清新的空气。他拽了一下自己身上穿着的不算很新但还不算过时的衣服。 “你的牌照是佛罗里达州的。但看上去你肯定是古巴人。” “我父母是委内瑞拉人。” “我叫杰克。”他伸出手来。 “我叫玛丽安娜。” 他们握了握手，她好像有生以来从未与人握过手似的。 “把你的车撞成那样了，我真的很抱歉。”他的话听起来很真诚。他抚弄着撞碎了的尾

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

当代研究生英语1-8单元的cloze

1、There are two factors which determine an individual ’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born w ith .Human brains differ considerably, some being mor e capable than others . But no matter how good a brai n he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low or der of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn . So the second factor is what happens to the individual -the sort of environment in which he is brought up .If a n individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likel y that his brain will fail to develop and he will never att ain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. Th e importance of environment in determining an individ ual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case histo ry of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twin s were three months old, their parents died, and they w ere placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared b y parents of low intelligence in an isolated communit y with poor educational opportunities. John, however , was educated in home of well-to-do parents who ha d been to college, This environmental difference contin ued until the twins were in their late teens, when the y were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125,twenty-five points higher than the averag e and fully forty points higher than his identical brothe r. 2、Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in s ome interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a wa y to improve the power of the brain may soon be possi ble. Scientists have 1.discovered that the brain can mak e its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substanc e which can act directly on the brain to change aspect s of mental activity. Some may change or improve, fo r example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and go od memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry messag es .In recent years scientists have found chemicals tha t affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mi nd .About 25 have been found so far。Today the role o f chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour i s creating much interest .Research seems to show that t hey may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illnes s .They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to c onquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities o f memory and learning already in the brain .They hold t he secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may b e a chemical way to create a better more efficient brain. 3、By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected p eople, and extrapolating form these samples to the entir e body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, m aybe fewer, is infected with HIV. This is nowhere nea r enough for direct cell killing to account for the depleti on in their numbers that leads to AIDS. Haase says tha t his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 c ell ate becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believ es that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. I n common with a number of other researchers, he als o believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected C D4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell su icide ,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a su bject of research throughout the 1990s . Taken together , these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the imm une system in a state of constant activation, and unbala nces it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stoppi ng the production of new cells, by triggering abnormall y high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but sign ificant number of cells directly. Their combined impac t leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cop e with opportunistic infections. How will any of this affect treatments? Would better kn owledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the im mune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadenin g the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer,at lea st, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune syst em will be needed. Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of Califor nia ,San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment wi th cocktails of antiviral drugs might even fool the imm une system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HI V so low in the body that they fail to trigger any immu ne responses at all. This might make individuals who st op taking the drugs even more vulnerable. He argues th at immune-restoring treatments should be given alongsi de antiviral drugs. Already, some researchers are worki ng on novel approaches such as developing geneticall y engineered T cell to replace lose CD4 cells. 4、what is Golbalization? Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the re sult of human innovation and technological progress .I t refers to the increasing integration of economies arou nd the world,particularly through trade and financial fl ows. The term sometimes also refers to the movemen t of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across i nternational borders. There are also broader cultural, po litical and environmental dimensions of globalization t hat are not covered here . At its most basic, there is not hing mysterious about globalization. The term has com e to common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technolo gical advances that make it easier and quicker to compl ete international transactions-both trade an financial f lows, It refers to an extension beyond borders of the s ame market forces that have operated for centuries a t all levels of human economic activity-village markets , urban industries ,or financial centers. Markets promot e efficiency through competition and the division o f lab or-the specialization that allows people and economie s to focus on what they do best .Global markets offer gr eater opportunity for people to tap into more and large r markets around the world. It means that they can ha ve access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper im ports, and larger export markets. But markets do not ne cessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficienc y are shared by all. Countries must be prepared to em brace the policies needed,and in the case of the p oorest countries may need the support of the inter national community as they do so. 5、Spinal cords Agricultural and public-health experts in Britain fin d many other serious flaws in th e government’s handlin g of the mad-cow epidemic. Officials waited months af ter discovering the first cases of BSE to declare it a not ifiable disease, requiring that all cases be reported to t he authorities. They waited nearly three years to forbi d us e o f cattle brains and spinal cords in food for huma ns. The government offered to compensate farmers fo r any suspected BSE cases they destroyed- but at far les s than the animal’s normal value, a rate that discourage d farmers from reporting th e disease in their herds, acc ording to critics.It could all have been over in a month , says Millstone.It might have cost a few million pound s. But that’s fraction of what it’s going to cost now.”Cu rrie argues that the government likewise fumbled whe n it disclosed the possible link between CJD and mad-c ow disease. “If you are going to announce a health scar e,” She says ,” you have to announce at the same tim e what you are going to do about it.”The government h as yet to announce any’preventive measures beyond a f ew tightened restrictions, such as the ban on mammalia n meat in cattle feed. Currie herself knows all too wel l how easy it is to start a public health panic; she left he r post as health minister after helping touch off a scare i n the winter of 1988-1989 over the safety of British eg gs and other farm products.” 6、Almost every American wears a watch, and, in nearl y every room in an American home, there's a clock. "B e on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Tim e waits for no one." All o f these familiar sayings reflec t the American obsession with promptness and efficien cy. Students and employees disappoint their teachers an d bosses when they arriv e late. This desire to get the m ost out of every minute often affects behavior, makin g Americans impatient when they have to wait.The pr essure to make every moment count sometimes make s it difficult for Americans to relax and do (10)nothing . The desire to save time and handle work efficiently o ften leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. T hese range from household appliances to equipment fo r the office, such as calculators, photocopy machines a nd computers. One )such machine is the video cassett e recorder(VCR), which gives Americans a new kind o f control over time. Fans of professional football don' t have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV beca use of a birthday party. They simply videotape it. Then , for them, the Sunday afternoon game occurs on Sunda y evening. 7、Intellectual property regimes coupled with trade reg ulations have serious implications for third world econ omies. Agricultural research has 1[developed] much fa ster on plants than animals. And there is 2[insufficient ] reason to expect that if species patents on plants are u pheld, the practice of 3[granting] such patents will be r estricted to them. It seems from developments so far th at the blitzkrieg is 4[inching] its way to higher life for ms. Protection and enforcement strategies for plant-b ased technology are 5[implement]through four differen t forms of intellectual property: utility plants, plant pate nts, plant variety protection certificates and trade secret s. 6[since] patenting provides a broader range of protec tion and 7[costs] less, this has potential to be preferre d means of 8[protecting] plant-based inventions by priv ate companies in the US. New utility patents form mor e aggressive property rights than ever existed in biologi cal material 9[before]. Utility patents can establish p roperty 10[right] in broad classes of organisms in radic ally different 11[species] as long as the organisms hav e the same traits and functional properties. The Harvar d oncomous e patent is 12[actually] an mammal patent . Harvard thus owns any mammal with any recombinan t cancer causing gene, (and there are about forty of the m known) inserted into any mammal or its ancestors a t an embryonic stage. This allows 13[biotechnicians] t o patent organisms they have never actually produced . Broadly worded patent rights (as in the case of cott on or soybean), or the taking out of a large number of p atents effectively 14[suppress] competition through th e threat o f infringement suits . 15[on]a global scale thi s allows patent holders to exert 16[control] on the prod uction of a variety of agricultural commodities leadin g to unprecedented competitive advantage. The enormit y of this possibility has ledto”biocolonial”concerns in t he developing world. Utility patents also18[prohibit] farmers from the comm on practice of saving and using seeds from previous cr ops or from 19[breeding] animals, as well as restrictin g research exemptions. This could create a barrier to fu rther innovation . Most nations have in place a researc h exemption analogous to the fair use doctrine in copyr ight law. 8、Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a grea t many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscio us; that is, they are excessively concerned with their o wn appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are co nstantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impressi on am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid ? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious tha t such uncomfortable feelings must affect people. A pe rson's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she beh aves, and the way a person behaves affects other peopl e's reactions. In general, the way people think about the mselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives . Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to b e passive and easily influenced by others. They need re assurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy peo ple are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirm s their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficul t to be pleased by compliments because they believe th ey are unworthy of praise .A shy person may respond t o a compliment with a statement like this one, "You're j ust saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not tru e." It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy qual ity, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completel y eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people c an overcome shyness with determined and patient effor ts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes (14)h and in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important f or people to accept their weaknesses as well as strengt hs. For example ,most people would like to be “A” stu dents in every subject .It is not fair for them to label the mselves inferior because they have in difficulty in som e areas.people’s expectations o f themselves must be re alistic .Living on the impossible leads to a sense of ina dequacy. Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile indivi dual, interested in our own personal ways. The better w e understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live u p to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to bloc k our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.