专题1 第5讲 阅读理解 之 主旨大意题
第二部分专题一第5讲
【真题达标组】
A
(2018天津卷，B)
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked，“Do you have the address?”“No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”
“Oh, stop. There it is！”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
“May I help you？” a man asked. “No,” I said. “We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. “Where do you think you are？”he asked. I turned sharply. “The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled, shaking his head. “Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What's this place？” I asked, still confused. “Well, it's our home.” My heart jolted(震颤)．I raced to the staircase and called out, “Sally! Come down immediately！”
“There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there.” She stepped down, looking confused.
I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, “Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum？”
“Yes.But how do you know? We never told anyone.”
“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.Y ou thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you.”
1. What do we know about Marian McNay?
A．She was a painter.
B．She was a community leader.
C．She was a museum director.
D．She was a journalist.
2. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
A．She disliked people who were nosy.
B．She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C．She knew more about art than the man.
D．She mistook him for a tour guide.
3. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
A．Puzzled. B．Concerned.
C．Frightened. D．Delighted.
4. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?
A．The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B．She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C．The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D．The event happening in the house was more significant.
5. What could we learn from the last paragraph?
A．People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B．People should spend more time with their family.
C．People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D．People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪地看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
1．A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.”可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。
*2.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段“‘May I help you?’ a man asked. ‘No,’ I said. ‘We're fine.’ Tour guides got on my nerves.”可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是一位导游。故选D。get on one's nerves意为“令人不安；使人心烦意乱”。
3．A观点态度题。根据文章第四段“The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem？(大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停地好奇地看着我。他们有什么问题？)”可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
4．D推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博
物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
5．C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.”可知，在作者造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美视而不见。故选C。
B
(2018浙江卷，A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam－powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady”．Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half－dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
6. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
7. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
8. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了狄更斯的伟大成就，以及他在英国文学史上不可替代的地位。对比了他出生以前，那时的小说是几乎没有价值的，而在他之后英国文学的辉煌成就。
6．C推理判断题。根据第一段的“Novels, for the most part，were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者仅仅是坏的。因此那时的小说是几乎没有价值的，所以答案是C。
7．D细节推理题。根据第二段的“Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知今天，狄更斯的伟大是毋庸置疑的，把他从英国文学的万神殿中去除出来，和罗浮宫卖蒙娜丽莎一样意义重大，所以这是为了表明他在英国文学史上的地位是很重要的，所以答案是D。
8．A目的意图题。本文介绍了狄更斯的伟大成就，以及他在英国文学史上不可替代的地位，所以答案是A。
C
(2017全国卷Ⅰ，A)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our caféoffers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9d17302483.html, to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
9. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the Laser Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
10. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Inspire scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
11. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center's history.
【语篇解读】作者从四个方面介绍了Pacific Science Center的相关信息。
9．B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知，Pacific Science Center的购物店在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上。故选B。
10．D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知，现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。
11．A目的意图题。根据第四个小标题下“Visit https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9d17302483.html, to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助、做贡献。故选A。
【模拟提能组】
A
(云南师大附中2019年高考适应性月考)
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much. “I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth; I believe that's from cracking the seeds，” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door－to－door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. In the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, ready－made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds.
Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It's not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath. They think it's a delicacy, and it's connected with their culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.
1. What did the write become aware of?
A．She had ever typed a report about seeds.
B．She ate various snacks while watching TV.
C．She has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds.
D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds.
2. What does the write prove by mentioning Chinese New Year?
A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
B．Children can eat delicious food on that day.
C．The families would get together for it.
D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
3. The writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread is ________.
A．acceptable B．critical
C．neutral D．doubtful
4. What lesson can we learn from the passage?
A．One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
B．Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C．It is good to form healthy eating habits.
D．Changing your eating habits will change your life.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了直到作者的英国朋友提到中国人都爱嗑瓜子，作者才意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，作者把这个习惯归结于中国春节文化，就像丹麦吃面包喜欢加咸红鱼，每一个饮食习惯都有自己特定的文化。
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段的“I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.”可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，故选C。
2．D写作方法题。根据第四段和第五段可知，在客厅里，一张大桌子已经摆好了，铺着一张精美的桌布，现成的饺子馅，还有装满糖果、水果和葵花籽的盘子。一些是供给祖先的，还有一些，其中含有瓜子，是给邻居和小孩在晚宴前吃的，作者因此学会了嗑瓜子，可见作者提到春节是为了说明嗑瓜子和春节有关联，故选D。
3．A观点态度题。根据最后一段“I think it's a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦吃面包的方式是一个很美妙的传统，可见作者接受这种吃法，故选A。
4．B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“They think it's a delicacy, and it's connected to their culture.”可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的，这和他们的文化有关，正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关，可知每一个饮食习惯都有自己特定的文化，故选B。
B
(安徽省六安市第一中学2019年高三“三模”)
A gaming company in New Zealand is luring employees from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the company's profits and no set work hours.
Dean Hall became famous in international gaming circles for being the lead designer on popular video game DayZ. After searching the world for a location for his new gaming studio, Rocketwerkz, New Zealander Hall settled on the small university town of Dunedin on the south island's east coast, where land is cheap and creative start－ups have become an important part of the city's identity.
Rocketwerkz's flexible work culture is now drawing talent from around the globe, with Hall receiving 300 messages of inquiry since a local newspaper wrote about his studio last week.
Last year, when the company was still in its infancy(婴儿期), baby cats would also make a
regular appearance in the office as a form of fighting stress, and Friday afternoons are generally reserved for sports and games to end the week on a playful note.
“The first time I heard about the idea of unlimited paid leave in places like Silicon Valley it was about the problems it caused.A culture had appeared where employees took no leave，” said Hall.
“So to address that, our staff are issued the standa rd New Zealand annual leave of four weeks, but they can also take unlimited leave in addition to that.”
Emily Lampitt, from Britain, is a 3D junior artist who has been with the company for a year and a half.She says the flexible work culture was a huge factor in her decision to move to New Zealand.
“The flexibility here has made me feel much more relaxed，” she says. “That internal stress I used to feel in a traditional work environment has gone, so when I am at work now it is because I want to be, because I am passionate(有激情的), not because I am afraid of my boss or watching the clock.”
5. The underlined word “luring” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
A．cheating B．disturbing
C．inspiring D．attracting
6. Why are baby cats mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．To show the company focuses on pressure relief.
B．To explain how the company motivates its staff.
C．To stress the significance of harmony in workplaces.
D．To introduce a new way to promote creativity.
7. According to the passage, unlimited paid leave in Silicon Valley______.
A．set a good example to Rochetwerkz
B．didn't work out as expected
C．helped develop the local culture
D．solved the problem of unemployment
8. What is the writing purpose of the above text?
A．To encourage companies to be more flexible.
B．To describe what a creative company should be like.
C．To give a report on the flexible management of a company.
D．To discuss how to make a traditional company more competitive.
【语篇解读】这篇文章主要报道了一家公司实行弹性管理，为员工提供了许多诱人的福利。
5．D词义猜测题。由第一段“…from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the company's profits and no set work hours.”可知，这些都是公司为员
工提供的福利，非常有诱惑，所以luring的意思是吸引，故选D。
6．A细节理解题。由第四段“Last year, when the company was still in its infancy(婴儿期), baby cats would also make a regular appearance in the office as a form of fighting stress …”可知，提到猫咪宝宝是为了表明公司关注减压，选A。
7．B推理判断题。由倒数第四段“The first time I heard about the idea of unlimited paid leave in places like Silicon Valley it was about the problems it caused.A culture had appeared where employees took no leave…”可知，Silicon Valley无限制的带薪休假没有像预期那样实现，选B。
8．C目的意图题。由全文的主题句(第一段)“A gaming company in New Zealand is luring employees from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the company's profits and no set work hours.”可知，这篇文章主要报道了一家公司实行弹性管理，为员工提供了许多诱人的福利，选C。
C
(四川省双流中学2019年高三考前“一模”)
Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school—and I owe her a lot.
She was under my care for the first two years of my medical training, yet I knew very little about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid－70s. It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient, but I had a valid reason—Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I dissected(解剖)over the first two years of my medical training.
Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting research into someone's body without even knowing its name, so out of courtesy, I thought she should have one. “Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,” went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day — and so she was christened.
As the months passed, I soon forgot that Mrs. Jones had, in fact, once been alive. One day, though, she suddenly became very human again. I'd been dissecting Mrs. Jones a good 18 months before I got around to the uterus(子宫)．After I'd removed it, the professor came up to me, “If you look at the opening carefully, you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman has had several children, probably three.” I stared at it, and I suddenly felt very strange. This woman, who had given me something incredibly precious that I'd begun to take for granted, wasn't a dead body. She was a person, a mother, in fact.
At my graduation, the same professor came over to congratulate me. I explained the story about Mrs. Jones to him, and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that had affected me all those years ago.
“Well,” he said, “at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn
it into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead body,” and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.
9. Why didn't the author know much about Mrs. Jones?
A．Because he was irresponsible for his patients.
B．Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy.
C．Because he didn't know her until she passed away.
D．Because he was too careless while dissecting her.
10. How did Mrs. Jones get her name?
A．It was passed down from the seniors of my school.
B．It came from a song being played when we first met.
C．She was named after a well－known singer I liked best.
D．It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her.
11. What could be the author's feeling for Mrs. Jones now?
A．Grateful. B．Pitiless.
C．Hateful. D．Guilty.
12. What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph?
A．Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life.
B．Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training.
C．Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying.
D．Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述作者和被解剖尸体琼斯夫人之间的故事，说明了医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道。
9．C推理判断题。由第二段“It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient, but I had a valid reason—Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her.”可知，琼斯夫人在去世后，把遗体捐给了医学院，所以在她去世之前，作者并不认识她，选C。
10．B推理判断题。由第三段“‘Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on，’ went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day — and so she was christened.”可知，当“我们”第一次见面的时候，收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫人》，她就这样被命名了，故选B。
11．A观点态度题。由第一段“Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school—and I owe her a lot.”可知，现在，“我”对琼斯夫人充满感激，选A。
12．D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“… at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person
and not turn them into a dead body …”可知，教授说得这段话的意思是：在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候，你要设法把尸体变成一个人。现在，你成为一名医生了，窍门就是不要把人变成尸体。这名教授说得这些话暗含的意思是医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道，故选D。