土木工程专业英语翻译

(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction.

(1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。在许多国家，包括加拿大和美国，钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。

(2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction.

(2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料，包括石子，沙，水泥等，可以通过多种途径方便的得到，同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。

(3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.

(3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁，各种形式的建筑，地下结构，蓄水池，电视塔，海上石油平台，以及工业建筑，大坝，甚至船舶等。

(4)Reinforce concrete structures consist of a series of individual members that interact to support the loads placed on the structure. The floor of concrete buildings is often built of concrete joist-slab construction.

(4)钢筋混凝土结构由一系列单独构件组成，这些构件通过相互作用共同抵抗施加在结构上的荷载。混凝土建筑的楼层通常采用肋梁楼盖的形式。

(5)A series of parallel ribs or joists support the load from the top slab. The reactions supporting the joists apply load to the beams, which in turn are supported by the columns.

(5)一系列的平行梁肋或次梁抵抗其上楼板传来的荷载，次梁的反力作为荷载施加在主粱上，主粱则支承在柱上。

(6)The slab transfers load laterally to the joists, and serves as the top flange of the joists, which act as T-shaped beams that transmit the load to the beams running at right angles to the joists.

(6)楼板将荷载垂直传递给次梁，并且作为上翼缘和次梁一起形成T形截面梁，将荷载传递给与次梁正交的主粱。

(7)Some floors of have a slab-and-beam design in which the slab spans between beams, which in turn apply loads to the columns.

(7)一些楼层被设计成梁板结构，即楼板直接支承在相邻的主粱上，主粱再将荷载传递到柱上。

(8)Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. As a result, cracks develop whenever loads, or restrained shrinkage or temperature changes, give rise to tensile stresses in excess of the tensile strength of the concrete.

(8)混凝土的抗压能力很强但抗拉能力很弱。因此，当荷载、受约束的收缩或温度变化所引起的拉应力超过其抗拉强度时，混凝土中的裂缝就会开展。

(9)The construction of a reinforced concrete member involves building a form or mould in the shape of the member being built. The form must be strong enough to support the weight and hydrostatic pressure of the wet concrete.

(9)钢筋混凝土构件的制作需要一个与构件形状相同的模子，其必须具有足够的强度以抵抗湿混凝土的重量和流动压力。

(10)The reinforcement is placed in this form and held in place during the concreting

operation. After the concrete has hardened, the forms are removed.

(10)在混凝土浇注的过程中，钢筋被放置在模子中的固定位置。在混凝土硬化之后，模板才能被移除。

(11)一个结构到底是采用混凝土，钢材，砌体，还是木材进行建造，取决于材料是否容易获得和其他一些经济上的考虑。通常，最先考虑的因素是结构的总造价。

(12)结构的总造价是材料费用，人工费，以及建造过程持续时间的函数。

(13)通常，结构的总造价受到施工时间长短的影响，这是因为承包商和业主必须为施工过程提供资金，而且这些资金一直要到建筑物可以使用后才能得到收益。

(14)兴建钢筋混凝土结构所需要的材料可以很容易的通过多种渠道获得，在施工过程中需要时可以随时制作，与此相反，兴建钢结构时所需要的材料必须向钢材加工厂预定并为此提前支付部分款项。

(15)设计者对设计和制作所采取的任何标准化的措施都可以减少建筑的总造价。例如，可以在不同的楼层布置相同尺寸的柱以节省模板的费用，而不同楼层柱荷载的不同则可以通过改变柱混凝土强度等级或配筋率来考虑。

(16)The occupants of a building may be disturbed if their building oscillates in the wind or the floors vibrate an people walk by. Due to the greater stiffness and mass of a concrete structure, vibrations are seldom a problem.

(17)在混凝土结构的施工过程中，新浇混凝土的重量由模板来承担，这些模板通常支承在下层楼板上。另外，建筑材料经常堆放在楼板或屋面上。

(18)砂子，石子，水泥以及搅拌混凝土的设备可以很方便地通过多种方式获得，并且钢筋比型钢更容易运送到工地。因此，一些偏远的地区经常使用钢筋混凝土。

(19)混凝土的抗拉强度比其抗压强度低得多，因此混凝土会开裂。在结构中，这个问题通过使用钢筋来解决。

(20)与类似的钢结构相比，混凝土结构需要使用更多的材料，重量也更大。因此，大跨度的结构通常使用钢材来建造。

(21)The limit states for reinforced concrete structures can be divided into five basic groups: durability, fire resistance, ultimate limit states, serviceability limit states, and special limit states.

(21)混凝土结构的极限状态包括五个内容：耐久性，耐火性，承载力极限状态，正常使用极限状态，以及特殊极限状态。

(22)Durability means that the structure should withstand environmental exposure without excessive deterioration of the concrete or corrosion of the reinforcement. Fire resistance means the structure must have the resistance required by the applicable provincial building code.

(22)耐久性是指结构能够暴露在环境中而不会发生混凝土材料性能的急剧退化或钢筋的锈蚀。耐火性是指结构必须具有本地区建筑规范所要求的抗火能力。

(23)The ultimate limit states involve a structural collapse of part or all of the structure. Such a limit state should have a very low probability of occurrence since it may lead to loss of life and major financial losses.

(23)承载力极限状态指结构局部倒塌或整体倒塌。因为这种极限状态会造成生命和大量财产的损失，其发生的可能性必须被降到很低。

(24)The ultimate limit states include loss of equilibrium of a part or all of the structure, rupture of critical parts of the structure, progressive collapse, formation of a plastic mechanism, and instability.

(24)承载力极限状态包括结构局部或整体失去平衡，结构关键部位的破坏，渐进式的倒塌，塑性机构形成，以及失稳。

(25)Serviceability limit states involve disruption of the functional use of the structure but not collapse. Since there is less danger of loss of life, a higher probability of occurrence can generally be tolerated.

(25)正常使用界限状态是指结构使用功能受到影响但并不发生倒塌。因为对生命安全的威胁比较小，其发生可以具有稍高的可能性。

(26)Serviceability limit states include excessive deflections for normal service, excessive crack widths, and undesirable vibrations.

(26)正常使用界限状态包括正常使用下结构产生过大的挠度，裂缝宽度过大，以及令人不舒适的振动。

(27)Special limit states involve damage or failure due to abnormal conditions or abnormal loadings. These include structural effects of explosion or vehicular collision, and long-term physical or chemical actions.

(27) 特殊极限状态是指在非正常条件或非正常荷载下发生的结构损坏或失效。这包括由于爆炸或交通工具冲撞导致的结构效应，以及长期的物理或化学作用。

(28)Some sort of safety factors, such as load and resistance factors, are necessary in structural design because the variability in resistance and variability in loadings.

(28）由于抗力和荷载的可变性，一些安全系数，例如荷载系数和抗力系数，对结构设计而言是必须的。

(29)The actual strengths (resistances) of beams, columns, or other structural members will always differ from the values calculated by the designer. And all loads are variable, especially live loads and environmental loads due to snow, wind or earthquake.

(29)梁、柱或其他构件的实际强度（抗力）值总是与设计者计算所得到的值有偏差。并且所有的荷载都是可变的，特别是活载和由雪，风或地震等导致的与环境有关的荷载。

(30)In addition to actual variations in the loads themselves, the assumptions and approximations made in carrying out structural analysis lead to differences between the actual forces and moments and those computed by the designer.

(30)除了荷载本身的变化之外，在结构分析中所使用的假设或近似也使实际的力或力矩与设计者的计算值有偏差。

(31)Loads may be described by their variability with respect to time and location.

A permanent load remains roughly constant once the structure is complete. An examples is the self-weight of the structure.

(31)荷载可以根据其是否随时间和位置而变化来描述。永久荷载在结构完工后基本保持恒定。结构的自重就是一个例子。

(32)Variable loads such as occupancy loads and wind loads change from time to time. Variable loads may be sustained loads of long duration, such as weight of filing cabinets in an office.

(32)可变荷载例如使用荷载和风荷载随时间而变化。可变荷载可以是长期作用的荷载，例如办公楼中档案柜的重量。

(33)Creep deformations of concrete structures result from the permanent loads and the sustained portion of the variable loads.

(33)混凝土的徐变变形是由永久荷载和可变荷载中长期作用的部分引起的。

(34)Variable loads may be fixed or free in location. Thus the loading in an office building is free since it can occur at any point in the loaded area. A train load on a bridge is not fixed longitudinally but is fixed laterally by the train. (34) 可变荷载可以是位置变化的或固定的。可以认为，办公楼的荷载位置是变化的因为其可以作用在受荷区域的任意点。火车对其经过的桥梁的荷载位置在沿着铁轨的方向是变化的，在垂直铁轨的方向则是固定的。

(35)Concrete is a mixture of cement and aggregate, each of which has an linear and brittle stress-strain relationship in compression. Brittle materials tend to develop tensile fractures perpendicular to the direction of the largest tensile strain.

(35) 混凝土是水泥和骨料的拌和物，两者在受压时都具有线性和脆性的应力应变关系。脆性材料的受拉破坏会沿着垂直于最大拉应变的方向发展。

(36)When concrete is subjected to uniaxial compressive loading, cracks tend to develop parallel to the maximum compressive stress.

(36) 当混凝土承受单轴压力时，其裂缝会沿着平行于压应力的方向发展。

(37)Although concrete is made up of elastic, brittle materials, its stress-strain curve is nonlinear and appears to be somewhat ductile. This can be explained by the gradually development of microcracking within the concrete and resulting redistribution of stress.

(37)尽管混凝土是由弹性的脆性材料组成的，但其应力应变关系曲线却是非线性的，并且具有一定的塑性。这可以用混凝土内部微裂缝的逐步发展及其所导致的应力重分布来解释。(38)Microcracks are internal cracks 2 to 10mm in length. Microcracks that occur along the interface between paste and aggregate are called bond cracks; those that cross the mortar between pieces of aggregate are known as mortar cracks.

(38)微裂缝是指长度为2到10毫米的内部裂缝。在骨料和砂浆的界面上产生的微裂缝称为粘结裂缝；穿越骨料间的砂浆的微裂缝称为砂浆裂缝。

(39)Shrinkage of the paste during hydration and drying of the concrete is restrained by the aggregate. The resulting tensile stresses lead to cracks before the concrete is loaded.

(39)由于混凝土的水化作用和泌水现象所产生的砂浆收缩受到骨料的约束。这种约束所导致的拉应力使裂缝出现在混凝土在受荷之前。

(40)Generally, the term concrete strength is taken to refer to the uniaxial compressive strength as measured by a compression test of a standard test cylinder.

(40)通常，混凝土的强度是指由标准圆柱体试件的抗压试验得到的轴心抗压强度。

(41)Although the tensile strength of concrete increases with an increase in the compressive strength, the ration of tensile stress to compressive stress decreases as the compressive strength increases.

(41) 尽管混凝土的抗拉强度随着其抗压强度的提高而提高，但抗拉强度与抗压强度的比值却随着抗压强度的提高而降低。

(42)The tensile strength is approximately proportional to the square root of the compressive strength. The mean split cylinder strength, ,from a large number of tests of concrete from various localities has been found to be

(42)抗拉强度近似与抗压强度的平方根成比例。各地对混凝土的大量试验表明，圆柱体的平均劈裂强度为

(43)The tensile strength of concrete is affected by the same factors as the compressive strength. It varies widely depending on the properties of the particular aggregate under consideration.

(43)混凝土抗拉强度受到与其抗压强度相同的影响因素的作用，且随着不同的骨料的特点而变化。

(44)Shear strength and bond strength which are strongly affected by the tensile strength of concrete, tend to develop more quickly than the compressive stength.

(44)明显受到混凝土抗拉强度影响的混凝土抗剪强度和粘结强度，比其抗压强度发展得更快。

(45) 当混凝土在两个互相垂直得方向上受到荷载而在第三个方向上没有应力或对变形的约束时，称为双轴加荷状态。

(45) Concrete is said to be loaded biaxially when it is loaded in two mutually perpendicular directions with essentially no stress or restraint of deformaiton in the third direction.

(46) Under uniaxially compression, failure is initiated by the formation of tensile cracks on planes parallel to the direction of the compressive stresses. These planes are planes of maximum principal tensile strain.

(46) 在单轴加荷时，破坏是由平行于压力作用方向的平面上出现开裂而开始的，这些平面是主拉应变所在的平面。

(47) In the webs of beams, the principal tensile and principal compressive stresses lead to a biaxial tension-compression state of stress.

(47) 在梁的腹板部分，主拉应力和主压应力形成了双向拉压的应力状态。

(48) In a reinforced concrete member with sufficient reinforcement parallel to the tensile stresses, crack does not represent failure of the member because the reinforcement resists the tensile forces after cracking.

(48) 在平行于拉应力的方向上具有足够钢筋的钢筋混凝土构件中，开裂并不表示破坏，因为在开裂后钢筋承担了拉力。

(49) If cracking occurs in reinforced concrete under a biaxial tensile-compressing loading and there is reinforcement across the cracks, the strength and stiffness of the concrete under compression parallel to the cracks is reduced.

(49) 如果钢筋混凝土在双轴拉压受荷使开裂并且有钢筋穿过裂缝，在平行于裂缝方向混凝土的抗压强度和抗压刚度均会降低。

(50) Under triaxial compressive stresses, the mode of failure involves either tensile fracture parallel to the maximum compressive stress, or a shearing mode of failure.

(50)在三轴受压时，混凝土的破坏模式包括平行于最大压应力方向的拉坏和剪切破坏模式。

(51) Most concrete structures can be subdivided into beams and slabs subjected primarily to flexure, and columns subjected to axial compression accompanied in most cases by flexure.

(51) 大部分的混凝土结构可以分为主要发生弯曲变形的梁和板，以及受到轴向压缩的柱，柱通常还同时发生弯曲变形。

(52)Through most of the length of the beam or column, a straight-line distribution of strains will exist and normal flexure theory can be applied. Adjacent to concentrate loads, holes, or changes in cross section, the strain distribution is nonlinear.

(52)在沿着梁或柱长度方向的大部分区域，应变都是直线分布的，普通的弯曲理论可以应用。

在集中荷载，孔洞，或截面变化的部位附近，应变的分布是非线性的。

(53)Analysis is easier than design because all the decisions concerning reinforcement, beam size, and so on, have been made and it is only necessary to apply the strength calculation principles to determine the capacity.

(53)分析比设计简单，因为钢筋、梁的尺寸以及其他因素都已经确定，只需要应用强度计算的基本原理去确定承载力就可以了。

(54)Design involves the choice of beam sizes, material strengths, and reinforcement to produce a cross section that can resist the loads.

(54)设计过程包括选择梁的尺寸，材料强度，和钢筋以形成一个可以抵抗荷载的截面

(55)A moment that causes compression on the top surface of a beam and tension on the bottom surface will be called a positive moment. Bending moment diagram will be plotted on the compression side of the member.

(55)使梁的顶面受压底面受拉的弯矩称为正弯矩。弯矩图画在构件的受压边

(56) A beam is a structural member that supports applied loads and its own weight primarily be internal moments and shears. An any section of the beam, the internal moment is necessary to equilibrate the bending moment.

(56) 梁是通过其内部的弯矩和剪力来抵抗荷载及其自重的构件。在梁的任意截面，内部的弯矩都必须与外部弯矩平衡。

(57) The internal moment results from an internal compressive force and an internal tensile force, separated by a lever arm.

(57) 内部弯矩是由内部的一个压力和一个拉力产生的，两者间的距离称为力臂。

(58) When the stress at the bottom of the beam reached the tensile strength of the concrete, crack occurred. After cracking, the tensile force in the concrete is transferred to the steel.

(58) 当底部的应力超过混凝土的抗拉强度时，梁就会开裂。在开裂之后，混凝土中的拉力将传递到钢筋上。

(59) Although concrete itself is not a very ductile material, a reinforced concrete beam can exhibit large ductility.

(59) 尽管混凝土本身并不是塑性材料，但钢筋混凝土梁却表现出很大延性。

(60) The relationship between concrete stress and concrete strain may be based on the stress strain curves or assumed to be any shape that results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with the results of the standard compressive tests.

(60)混凝土的应力和应变间的关系可以基于应力应变曲线确定，或者假定为任何形式，但该形式所确定的强度值应该很好地符合标准受压试验得到的强度值。

(61)Because a shear failure is frequently sudden and brittle, the design for shear must ensure that the shear strength exceeds the flexural strength of the beam. (61)因为剪切破坏常常是突然和脆性的，所以抗剪设计必须保证梁的抗剪强度大于其抗弯强度。

(62)The manner in which a shear failure can occur varies widely depending on the dimensions, geometry, loading, and properties of the member.

(62)剪切破坏发生的方式由于尺寸、几何形状、受荷方式及构件的特点等的不同而变化。

(63)Shear cracks develop due to principal tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of the concrete. The most convenient way to determined the principal stresses is to use a Mohr’s circle for stress.

(63)剪切裂缝的发展是因为主拉应力超过了混凝土的抗拉强度。计算主应力最方便的方法是使用莫尔应力圆。

(64)Mohr’s circles for stress and strain are used to determined the stresses and strains in an uncracked elastic beam.

(64)未开裂的弹性梁上的应力和应变可以使用莫尔应力圆和莫尔应变圆来确定。

(65)It should be noted that equal shearing stresses exist on both horizontal and vertical plans through the element. The horizontal shearing stresses are important in the design of some special cases.

(65)应该注意到在通过单元的水平面和竖直面上存在着相等的剪应力。水平面上的剪应力在一些特殊情况的设计中很重要。

(66)In reinforced concrete beams, flexural cracks generally occur before the principal tensile stresses at the midheight become critical. Once such a crack has occurred, the tensile stress across the crack drops to zero.

(66)在钢筋混凝土梁中，弯曲裂缝通常在梁中部的主拉应力变得足够大以前就出现了。一旦这样的裂缝出现，与裂缝相交的主拉应力就降低为零。

(67)The onset of a inclined cracking in a beam cannot be predict from the principal stresses unless shearing cracking precedes flexural cracking. This very rarely happens in reinforced concrete but does occur in some prestressed beams.

(67)斜向开裂何时发生是不能通过主拉应力来预测的，除非剪切开裂发生在弯曲开裂以前，这种情况在钢筋混凝土中极少出现，但在预应力混凝土中确实会出现。

(68)In most reinforced concrete beams, flexure cracks occur first and extend more or less vertically into the beam. These alter the state of stress in the beam causing

a stress concentration near the head of the crack.

(68)在大多数的钢筋混凝土梁中，弯曲裂缝首先出现并且大致垂直地向梁内部发展。这改变了梁内部的应力状态，也在裂缝的端部引起应力集中。

(69)Flexural-shearing cracking cannot be predicted by calculating the principal stresses in an uncracked beam. For this reason, empirical equations have been derived to calculate the flexural-shear cracking load.

(69)在一根未开裂的梁中，弯剪共同作用下的开裂不能通过计算主应力来预测。因此，一些用来计算弯剪作用下开裂荷载的经验公式已经建立起来了。

(70)Due to inclined cracking, the strength of beams drops below the flexural capacity. The purpose of web reinforcement is to ensure that the full flexural capacity can be developed.

(70)由于斜向的开裂，梁的强度降到了其抗弯强度以下。配置腹筋的作用就是使梁的抗弯强度能够充分发挥。

(71)In practice, two-way slabs take various forms. For relatively light loads, as experienced in apartments or similar buildings, flat plates are used. Such a slab is simply a slab of uniform thickness supported on the columns.

(72)For heavy industrial loads, the flat slab system may be used. The load transfer to the column is accomplished by thickening the slab near the column using drop panels, or by flaring the top of the column to form a column capital.

(73)开裂之前，双向板是一种弹性板，在短期荷载作用下，其变形、应力和应变都可以通过弹性分析预先确定。

(74)开裂之后钢筋屈服之前，因为开裂区域与未开裂区域相比具有较低的抗弯刚度板不再是

等刚度的，。

(75)Yielding of reinforcement starts in one or more regions of high moment and spreads through the slab as moments are redistributed from yielded regions to areas that are still elastic.

(76) 当荷载大小超过使用荷载时，弹性分析开始失去准确性，并且在钢筋屈服后还会发生弯矩重分布。

(77) 发生受弯破坏的板具有延性。板特别是平板楼盖也可能发生剪切破坏，剪切破坏具有脆性的性质。

(78) 双向板通常发生很大的挠度，引起板的下垂和隔墙、门和窗的破坏。

(79) Drop panels are usually used adjacent to each column for deflection control, extra shear strength, and extra flexural strength.

(80) In a flat plate or flat slab, the stiffness portions of the slab are those running from column to column along the four sides. As a result, the moments are largest in these parts of the slab.

法语工程词汇-字典词典-建筑土木工程报价用语

法语工程词汇-字典词典-建筑土木工程报价用语

. 工程报价用语 LCF/ALGERIE/ORAN ================================

目录 1、土方 (1) 2、下部结构 (1) 3、上部结构…………………………………………………………………………… .1 4、圬工-抹灰 (2) 5、面层………………………………………………………………………………2～3 6、防水…………………………………………………………

(3) 7、木门窗....................................................................................... (3) 8、金属门窗…………………………………………………………………………3～4 9、铝合金门窗及幕墙……………………………………………………………4～5 10、暖卫洁具………………………………………………………………………...5～7 ～洁具 (5) ～龙头和配件………………………………………………………………… 5～6 ～管子 (6) ～饮用水/内部消

防………………………………………………………………...6～7 ～排污排废 (6) 11、电………………………………………………………………………………7～10 ～电器设备 (7) ～电线及护管.............................................................................. (8) ～配电盘…………………………………………………………………… …… 8～10 ～干管 (10) 12、油漆和玻璃…………………………………………………………………..10～11

《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版

第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂，设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外，工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。

土木工程专业英语翻译

a common way to construct steel truss and prestressed concrete cantilever spans is to counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction,forming a balanced cantilever. they attach to a solid foundation ,the counterbalancing arms are called anchor arms /thus,in a bridge built on two foundation piers,there are four cantilever arms ,two which span the obstacle,and two anchor arms which extend away from the obstacle,because of the need for more strength at the balanced cantilever's supports ,the bridge superstructure often takes the form of towers above the foundation piers .the commodore barry bridge is an example of this type of cantilever bridge 一种常见的方法构造钢桁架和预应力混凝土悬臂跨度是每一个悬臂抗衡预测相反的方向臂悬臂，形成一个平衡的悬臂。他们重视了坚实的基础，制约武器被称为锚武器/因此，在两个基础上建一座桥桥墩，有四个悬臂式武器，这两者之间跨越的障碍，和两个锚武器哪个延长距离的障碍，因为为更多的在平衡悬臂的支持力量的需要，桥梁上部结构往往表现为塔墩基础之上形成的准将巴里大桥是这种类型的例子悬臂桥 steel truss cantilever support loads by tension of the upper members and compression of the lower ones .commonly ,the structure distributes teh tension via teh anchor arms to the outermost supports ,while the compression is carried to the foundation beneath teh central towers .many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are therefore statically determinate with no members carrying mixed loads 钢桁架悬臂由上层成员和下层的紧张压缩支持负载。通常，结构分布通过锚武器的最外层的支持紧张，而压缩抬到下方的中央塔的基础。桁架悬臂许多桥梁使用固定的关节，是静定，没有携带混合负载的成员，因此 prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built using segmental construction .some steel arch bridges are built using pure cantilever spans from each sides,with neither falsework below nor temporary supporting towers and cables above ,these are then joined with a pin,usually after forcing the union point apart ,and when jacks are removed and the bridge decking is added the bridge becomes a truss arch bridge .such unsupported construction is only possible where appropriate rock is available to support the tension in teh upper chord of the span during construction ,usually limiting this method to the spanning of narrow canyons 预应力混凝土平衡悬臂桥梁往往建立使用段施工。一些钢拱桥是使用各方面的纯悬臂跨度既无假工作下面也临时支撑塔和电缆上面，这些都是再加入了一根针，通常在迫使工会点外，当插孔删除，并添加桥梁甲板桥成为桁架拱桥，这种不支持的建设，才可能在适当情况下的岩石可用于支持在施工期间的跨度弦上的张力，通常限制这狭隘的峡谷跨越方法 an arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch .arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side .a viaduct may be made from a series of arches ,although other more economical structures are typically used today 在拱桥桥台的桥梁，是一个在一个弧形拱状，每年年底。拱桥通过转移到由部分在两边的桥台水平推

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语翻译

(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction. (1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。在许多国家，包括加拿大和美国，钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。 (2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction. (2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料，包括石子，沙，水泥等，可以通过多种途径方便的得到，同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。 (3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships. (3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁，各种形式的建筑，地下结构，蓄水池，电视塔，海上石油平台，以及工业建筑，大坝，甚至船舶等。 (4)Reinforce concrete structures consist of a series of individual members that interact to support the loads placed on the structure. The floor of concrete buildings is often built of concrete joist-slab construction. (4)钢筋混凝土结构由一系列单独构件组成，这些构件通过相互作用共同抵抗施加在结构上的荷载。混凝土建筑的楼层通常采用肋梁楼盖的形式。 (5)A series of parallel ribs or joists support the load from the top slab. The reactions supporting the joists apply load to the beams, which in turn are supported by the columns. (5)一系列的平行梁肋或次梁抵抗其上楼板传来的荷载，次梁的反力作为荷载施加在主粱上，主粱则支承在柱上。 (6)The slab transfers load laterally to the joists, and serves as the top flange of the joists, which act as T-shaped beams that transmit the load to the beams running at right angles to the joists. (6)楼板将荷载垂直传递给次梁，并且作为上翼缘和次梁一起形成T形截面梁，将荷载传递给与次梁正交的主粱。 (7)Some floors of have a slab-and-beam design in which the slab spans between beams, which in turn apply loads to the columns. (7)一些楼层被设计成梁板结构，即楼板直接支承在相邻的主粱上，主粱再将荷载传递到柱上。 (8)Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. As a result, cracks develop whenever loads, or restrained shrinkage or temperature changes, give rise to tensile stresses in excess of the tensile strength of the concrete. (8)混凝土的抗压能力很强但抗拉能力很弱。因此，当荷载、受约束的收缩或温度变化所引起的拉应力超过其抗拉强度时，混凝土中的裂缝就会开展。 (9)The construction of a reinforced concrete member involves building a form or mould in the shape of the member being built. The form must be strong enough to support the weight and hydrostatic pressure of the wet concrete. (9)钢筋混凝土构件的制作需要一个与构件形状相同的模子，其必须具有足够的强度以抵抗湿混凝土的重量和流动压力。 (10)The reinforcement is placed in this form and held in place during the concreting

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性；吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件；配件accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器；音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；承接器；转接器； addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校；调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志；方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材；集料；碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器