最新中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

词汇的分类和构词法

一、复习要点阐述

我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。

二、要点复习的策略及技巧

（一）英语的词类

英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。

下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。

（二）构词法

语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。

1. 合成法

合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。

1)名词+名词→名词

basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店

book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动

home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业

2) 形容词+名词→名词

black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人

loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器

3)动词的-ing形式＋名词

dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机

running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌

walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸

4)名词＋动词的-ing形式

shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法

dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖

注意：合成词的构成方式有3种：

①词与词之间加连字符“-”；②词与词合成一个词；③词与词分开；

3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)

after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的

4) 名词+过去分词→形容词

man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的

5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词

glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词

in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下

2. 派生法

派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。

后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：

1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词

write (v.)写→writer (n.)作者travel (v.) 旅行→traveler (n.)旅客

foreign (adj.)外国的→foreigner( n.)外国人

invent (v.)发明→inventor (n.)发明家visit (v.) 参观→ visitor (n.)参观者

2) 动词+(t)ion/sion → 名词

invent (v.)发明→invention( n.)发明operate( v.)做手术→operation( n.)手术

decide( v.)决定→ decision( n.)决定attend (v. )注意/参加→ attention( n.)注意

3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词

build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物interest v.使感兴趣→intere sting/interested adj.有趣的

please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的

4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词

China( n.)中国→Chinese ( n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的

Japan( n.) 日本→Japanese ( n.) 日本人(adj.)日语的

5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词

help( n.) 帮助→helpful (adj)有帮助的use( n.)使用→ useful( adj.) 有用的

6) 动词+able → 形容词

enjoy( v.) 喜欢→enjoyable( adj.)有趣的forget (v.) 忘记→ forgettable( adj.) 容易被忘的

7) 名词+en →形容词

wool ( n.) 羊毛→woolen (adj.)羊毛的wood ( n.) 木材→wooden( adj.)木制的

8) 名词+y → 形容词

sun ( n.) 太阳→sunny (adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud ( n.) 云→ cloudy (adj.)多云的

luck( n.) 运气→ lucky( adj.)运气好的noise( n.) 响声→noisy( adj.)喧闹的

smell ( n.) 味道,气味→smelly (adj.) 有使人难受的气味的,臭的

9)形容词+ly →副词

happy( adj) 高兴的→happily (adv.) 高兴地wide (adj.) 宽广的→widely (adv.) 宽广地

10) 形容词+ness → 名词

good (adj.) 好的→goodness ( n.)好意kind (adj.) 善良的→k indness ( n.)和蔼

happy (adj.) 开心的→happiness (n.) 开心

11) 名词+ly →形容词

friend ( n.) 朋友→friendly (adj.)友好的love ( n.) 爱→lovely (adj.)可爱的

12) 名词+ less →形容词(词义与加ful相反)

care + less →careless (adj.) 粗心的help + less →helpless (adj.) 无助的

13) 名词+ al →形容词

nation ( n.)民族→national adj. 国家的education ( n.)教育→educational adj.教育性的

tradition ( n.) 传统→traditional adj. 传统的

14) 名词+ ist →名词

science( n.)科学→scientist ( n.)科学家piano ( n.)钢琴→pianist ( n.)钢琴家

tour ( n.) 旅游,观光旅行→tourist ( n.) 旅行者，观光客

15) 动词+ ment →名词

develop (v.)发展→development( n.)发展agree (v.)同意→agreement ( n.) 同意，一致, 协议

argue (v.) 争论，辩论→argument ( n.) 争吵;论据

16) 形容词+ ity →名词

able (adj.) 能够的→ability ( n.)能力，才能possible (adj.)可能的→possibility ( n.) 可能性

real( adj.) 真的,真实的→reality( n.) 现实,实际,真实

17) 名词+ous →形容词

danger ( n.)危险→dangerous (adj.)危险的

18) 名词+ish →形容词

fool ( n.) 愚人，傻瓜→foolish (adj.)愚蠢的，傻的child ( n.)孩子→childish (adj.)孩子气的，幼稚的book ( n.) 书→bookish( adj.)书生气的

19) 形容词或名词+en →动词

wide (adj.) 广泛的,宽阔的→widen (v.) 弄宽sharp( adj.) 锋利的,急剧的→shar pen (v.) 使...尖锐,变为锐利

fright( n.) 惊吓→frighten (v.) 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐

20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词

beauty (n.)美丽→beautify (v.) 美化,变美,修饰simple (adj.)简单的→simplify (v.) 简化,使单纯

21) 形容词+ize →动词

real (adj.) 真的，真实的→realize (v.)了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟memory ( n.)记忆力→memorize (v.)记忆22) 动词+tive →形容词

act (v.) 行为,行动→active (adj.) 积极的,主动的

attract (v.) 吸引,有吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的,引起注意的

23)动词+ess →名词(女性)

host (v.)主持,做东→hostess (n.) 女主人act( v.) 行动,扮演→actress (n.) 女演员

wait (v.)等待,等候→waitress( n.) 女侍者,女服务员

前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：

1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)

happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的)

like (像) → unlike(不像)

2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)

possible (可能的) → impossible(不可能的)

polite （礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的）

3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)

Active（活跃的）→inactive（不活跃的）

Complete（完全的）→i ncomplete 不完全的

4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)

honest （诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的）agree（同意）→disagree（不同意）

advantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件

5) mis- (表示错误)

understand （理解）→misunderstand (误解)

mistake (错误)→misuse (误用)

6) re- (再，重复)

tell 叙述→ retell复述build 建筑→ rebu ild 重建

write （写）→rewrite（重写）

7) bi- (两个、双边的) bicolor 双色的

8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)

interview, international, internet

9) tele- (远) telephone, television

10) kilo- (千)

meter 米→kilometer 公里，千米

gram 克→kilogram 千克

11) micro- (微，小)

microwave oven 微波炉

microcomputer 微型电脑

12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)

subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手，

suboffice 分办事处，subcompany分公司

3. 转化法

在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。

1) 名词→动词

rain n.雨→rain v.下雨shop n. 商店→shop v.购物

water n.水→water v.浇水land n.陆地→land v.着陆name n.名字→name v.命名

[注意] 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：

answer(回答)，change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。

2)形容词→动词

last adj.最后的last v.持续tidy adj.整洁的tidy v.使整洁own adj.自己的own v.拥有

3) 形容词→名词

back adj.后面的back n.背部，后面light adj.明亮的light n.灯

4) 动词→名词

stop v.停止stop n.车站lift v.举起lift n.电梯

[注意]

①词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词)

use v.使用use n.用途

excuse v.原谅excuse n.借口

②词形改变的转化：

live v.生活life n.生活fill v.装满full adj.满的save v.救safe adj.安全的

enter v.进入entrance n.入口处different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处

注意：形容词---名词

important—importance different—difference

4．缩写和简写

缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。这种构词方式用得很普遍，特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。缩略法主要有如下几种。

（1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。

①剪切原词的开始部分

bicycle—cycle 自行车taxicab—cab 出租车

airplane/aeroplane—plane 飞机telephone—phone 电话

②剪切原词的中间部分

examination—exam 考试taxicab—taxi 出租车

photograph—photo 图片laboratory—lab 实验室

（2）混成法

混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。

breakfast＋lunch→brunch早晨和中午之间的饭

smoke＋fog→smog浓烟

motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆

boat＋motor→botor电动船

news＋broadcast→newscast新闻广播

television＋broadcast→telecast电视广播

cheese＋hamburger→cheeseburger放有干酪的肉饼

beef＋hamburger→beefburger煎牛肉饼

European＋television→Eurovision欧洲电视网

词汇的分类和构词法专项练习

根据句子的意义，用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1．It is one of the highest _______(build) in this city.

2．Liu Yutian is the first person to walk the whole _______(long) of the Great Wall.

3．I don’t know how to make the problem much _______(easy).

4．This baby just has three _______(tooth).

5．He was one of the _______(run) who won the race.

6．Look at the sun. Today is a _______(sun) day.

7．The students are enjoying _______(them) on the beach.

8．I’m afraid he’s made the wrong _______(decide) on that matter.

9．Mrs Brown became _______(worry) when she heard the news about her son.

10．Tony got the _______(two) place in the maths exam last month.

11．There is a _______(cut) machine in the middle of the workshop.

12．The wind blew _______(heavy) on the evening of Christmas Day.

13．Let’s have ten _______(minute) rest first, then we’ll go on collecting the litter.

14．Li Hua won the first place in the sports meet. He is the _______(proud) of our class.

15．Three Japanese _______(climber) were trapped on the mountain last Tuesday.

16．The TV play is so _______(interest) that I want to see it again.

17．Look! How _______(happy) the children are dancing!

18．The room next to mine is always _______(noise).

19．Don’t open your books. Please keep them _______(close).

20．The dictionary is very _______(help) to my study.

21．I’m going to give my sister some _______(beauty) flowers for her graduation.

22．The weather here is very fine. We have a lot of _______(sun) every day.

23．Among all his _______(invent), that is the most important one in his life.

24．A form was given Maggie to fill in her _______(person) information.

25．China is a _______country while America is a _______ country.(develop)

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jerry really feel good about as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog." Is he really on your side? If he says, "You're a lucky guy." or "You're a lucky gal." That's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture(体态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. Spend some time thinking about the real meaning of what people say to

you, and you may save another mistake.

（1）The questions in the first paragraph tell us that the speaker ___________________.

A. feels happy because his friends were nice to him

B. feels he may not have "read" his friends' true feelings correctly

C. thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girlfriend Helen

D. is sorry that his friends let him down

（2）From the example "You're a lucky dog", we can learn that ______________.

A. the speaker of the sentence is friendly

B. it means the same as "You're a lucky guy." or "You're a lucky gal."

C. sometimes the words used by the speaker give a tip to the feeling behind the words

D. the word "dog" shouldn't be used to describe a person

（3）The passage tries to tell you how to ___________.

A. avoid mistakes about money and friends

B. bring the "dog" bit into our conversation

C. be friendly to other people

D. avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you

（4）What is important in listening to a person?

A. To notice his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes.

B. To listen to how he pronounces his words.

C. To check if his words go well with his manner, his tone of voice and his posture.

D. Don't believe what he says.

（5）If you follow the writer's advice, you would ____________.

A. be able to get the real meaning of people's words

B. avoid any mistakes while talking with the people who envy you

C. not lose real friends who say things that do not please you

D. be able to observe people as they are talking to you

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

（5）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样避免误解他人。

（1）细节题。根据When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.可知当我们回过头思考朋友说的话时，疑惑可能会让我们感觉不好，即没有正确理解朋友们的真实情感，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words.可知有时人们说的话后面隐藏着真正的意思，故选C。

（3）主旨题。根据How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words?可知主要讲了怎样辨别他人语言背后的真正意思，即怎样避免误解他人，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture(体态)? The look in his eyes?可知听别人说话时要注意他人的说话方式、语音语调和体态，故选C。

（5）细节题。根据pend some time thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you, and you may save another mistake.可知遵循作者的建议后你会理解说话者真正的意思，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

D

Friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful, according to an article in Times.

Carlin Flora, the writer, who has studied friendship for years, finds that if you really want to change something in your life, you can develop friendship with people who have the same aims as you do.

Friends can help make your own will stronger. Following good examples can help you get rid of bad behaviors and form new, healthier ones. For example, after a busy and tiring day, you probably want to go home and watch TV. However, your friend knocks on your door and asks you to go jogging with him. After jogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching TV.

Flora also points out that it's best to stop bad habits by turning attention to different, good ones. Instead of staying at home alone and spending hours in front of your computer, building up friendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.

We all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends. When you have friendship with people with strong wills and good behaviors, you will not only succeed more easily, but also find joy on your journey.

（1）The underlined word "ones" in the third paragraph means .

A. examples

B. behaviors

C. friends

D. aims

（2）In the writer's opinion, is better for you after a busy and tiring day.

A. sitting in the room watching TV

B. staying at home alone

C. spending hours in front of your computer

D. jogging with a friend

（3）According to the writer, we should make friends with those who .

A. have the values and habits we admire

B. often go jogging with us

C. have the same jobs as we do

D. talk over coffee with us

（4）The main idea of this passage is .

A. friends can help make your own will stronger

B. we all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends

C. it's best to stop had habits by turning attention to different, good ones

D. friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：朋友可以帮助你坚持目标并变得更加成功，研究表明，和那些拥有你所羡慕的价值观或习惯的人交朋友，你会更快乐，更容易成功。

（1）词义推测题。结合句意可知是消除不好的行为，形成好的，健康的行为，故ones指的是行为，选B。（2）细节理解题。从After jogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching TV.可知作者认为和朋友慢跑后，一边喝咖啡一边聊天更好，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。从building up friendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.可知选A。

（4）主旨概括题。文章第一段就提到了短文的中心，故选D。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

3．阅读理解

It's hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don't have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.

One reason for this is climate(气候) change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data(数据) from 27 countries and regions that produce 86 percent of the world's bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield(平均产量) has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare(公顷).

However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out.

Shouldn't bananas grow more easily if it's hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range for growing bananas is between 24 and 32 C. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing.

Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other crops, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings(茎段) rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same genotype(基因型). In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all.

One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus(真菌) in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation(种植园) suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease.

（1）What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. People's love for bananas.

B. The taste of bananas.

C. The convenience of eating bananas.

D. The future disappearance of bananas.

（2）What might happen if temperatures keep going higher?

A. More countries will start to grow bananas.

B. Bananas will grow better in most countries.

C. Bananas will not be able to grow any more.

D. Bananas won't be as tasty as before.

（3）What does Paragraph 5 tell us?

A. What diseases bananas may suffer from.

B. How bananas are grown.

C. How diseases can easily kill bananas.

D. Which diseases can kill bananas.

（4）The passage is written to ________.

A. offer tips for growing bananas

B. explain why bananas may die out

C. show the difficulties of growing bananas

D. describe bananas' growing conditions

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因。

（1）推断题。根据前句However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.可知介绍了香蕉可能消失的原因，所以this代指香蕉消失，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out可知温度持续上升，香蕉将更少，最终可能消失，即不能生长，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Diseases are another danger to bananas.可知疾病是香蕉的另一个危险，即疾病是怎样杀死香蕉的，故选C。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．阅读理解

A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery(外科手术).He found the boy's father in the hall waiting worriedly.

On seeing him, the father cried out, "Why did you take all this time to come？Don't you know that my son is in danger？Don't you have any sense of duty？"

The doctor smiled and said, "I am sorry. I wasn't in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish you'd calm down so that I can do my work."

"Calm down？！What if your son was in this room right now？Would you calm down？If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do？"said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also pray for your son's healthy life."

The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily, "Thank goodness！Your son is saved！"And without waiting for the father's reply he carried on his way running by saying, "If you have any questions, ask the nurse."

"Couldn't he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son's state？"shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.

The nurse answered, tears coming down her face, "His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial(葬礼)when we called him for your son's surgery. And now that he saved your son's life, he left running to finish his son's burial."

（1）What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery?

A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.

B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.

C. He discussed the boy's state with the father.

D. He waited until his son's burial was finished.

（2）The father shouted at the doctor because he thought .

A. he had waited too long

B. no one cared for his son

C. the doctor was cold to him

D. the surgery took a long time

（3）Who told the truth to the father in the end？

A. The doctor.

B. The nurse.

C. His son.

D. A patient.

（4）What is the best title for the text？

A. Seeing is believing

B. Time waits for no man

C. Practice makes perfect

D. Think before you decide

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断。

（1）细节题。根据 A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery 一位医生在被叫去做一个重要的手术后匆忙进入医院可知，医生接到手术电话后他尽快去了医院，故选B。（2）推理题。根据 the father cried out, "Why did you take all this time to come 父亲喊道，“你为什么花这么长时间来？，可知父亲对医生大喊大叫，因为他认为他等得太久了，故选A。

（3）推理题。根据The nurse answered, tears coming down her face 护士泪流满面的告诉他......，可知护士最后告诉了父亲真相，故选B。

（4）主旨题。根据本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断，可知Think before you decide适合做标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解

What problems do the teenagers probably have? Here is a survey showing their main problems.

（1）How many main problems are there in the survey?

A. Four.

B. Five.

C. Six.

D. Seven.

（2）What problems are caused by too much homework?

A. Feeling stressed and fights.

B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat.

C. Feeling stressed and getting short- sighted.

D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.

（3）If Simon is feeling stressed, he should ________________.

A. do much more homework

B. make a plan to spend time on study and hobbies

C. donate his pocket money to Project Hope

D. buy some snacks

（4）Peter is feeling tired of study, maybe because he.

A. has no close friends

B. has no pocket money

C. plays too many computer games

D. gets fatter and fatter

（5）________________ is a good way for the teenagers to stop fights.

A. Doing less homework

B. Playing computer games

C. Learning how to make friends

D. Paying no attention to each other

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了青少年有的主要问题、起因及建议。

（1）细节题。根据表格Feeling stressed、Getting shortsighted、Fights、Feeling tired of study、Getting fat，可知一共5个问题，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据表格第一个Feeling stressed Too much homework.和第二个Getting shortsighted Too much homework. Bad reading and writing habits.可知太多的作业导致有压力和近视，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据表格第一个Make a plan for study and hobbies.可知建议是为学习和爱好制定计划，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据表格第四个Computer games’ bad influence.可知电脑游戏的坏影响会让学生厌倦学习，故选C。

（5）细节题。根据表格第三个Don't know how to get on well with classmates.可知不知道怎样和同学相处是打架的原因，所以学习怎样交朋友是阻止打架的好方式，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

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a.lead b.leader c.leading d.leadership 7.when the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，jack looked________about at his classmates. a.proud b.proudly c.pride d.pridely 8.to everyone's________，the girl finished the job quite well. a.satisfied b.satisfactory c.satisfying d.satisfaction 9.-what are you doing here -oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about________in english. -you can write________passage in english a.600words；a600-words b.600-word；a600-words

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