雅思托福基础测试题

Model Test (Basic)

vocabulary

part I （20分）

1.The government is determined to protect its tobacco ________.

A) monopoly B) monotony C) monologue D) monograph

2. Apparently in interviews he refuses to talk about his ________life.

A) privacy B) private C) universe D) unify

3.He decided to postpone their holiday ______ next year.

A) on B) for C) until D) in

4. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to _______ with the local police.

A) inquire B) consult C) register D) profession

5. As he has _______ our patience, we’ll not wait for him any longer.

A) torn B) wasted C) exhausted D) consumed

6. These teachers try to be objective when they _______ the integrated ability of

their students.

A) justify B) evaluate C) indicate D) reckon

7. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and _______, and many girls envy her.

A) slender B) light C) faint D) minor

8. Tomorrow the mayor is to _____ a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.

A) coordinate B) cooperate C) accompany D) associate

9. Norman Davis will be remembered by many _____ with not only as a great

scholar but also as a most delightful and faithful friend.

A) kindness B) friendliness C) warmth D) affection

10.Technological ______ has been so rapid over the last few years.

A）retrograde B)retrogress C) progress D) project

11. Salaries for ______ positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.

A) legal B) optional C) voluntary D) temporary

12.He never arrives on time and my ______ is that he feels the meetings are useless.

A) preference B) conference C) inference D) reference

13.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _______.

A) exception B) exclusion C) modification D) substitution

14.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the programs.

A) lessened B) declined C) affected D) effected

15. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.

A) convention B) confinement C) principle D) discipline

16.There's not much ______ that this war will be over soon.

A) prospect B) process C) foreground D) profess

17. It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.

A) presentation B) precaution C) preparation D) prediction

18.She felt _____ when her closest friend moved away.

A) desolate B) solace C) insulate D)repugnant

19.You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.

A) reserve B) restrain C) retain D) replace

20.The ship's generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated _____ instead of mec hanically.

A) artificially B) automatically C) manually D) synthetically

Part II （10分）

1.She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image. The word "transform" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A) move B) extend C) change D) interpret

2.The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animals to capture its food.

The word "capture" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A) catch B) control C) cover D) clean

3.When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that

it resembles a lump on a rock.

The word "retracts" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A) pulls back B) relaxes C) reproduces D) lifts up

4.Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing the character of the area. The word "retain" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A) preserve B) possess C) enjoy D) improve

5.A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a

few generations. The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to which of following?

A) arranged B) dissolved C) broken apart D) gathered together

Grammar （30分）

1.According to the law, _____ have an equal right to an education.

A. every of children

B. every child

C. all of children

D. all children

2. The workers in that factory are paid _____.

A. by the hour

B. by an hour

C. by hour

D. by hours

3. They talked about the problem among _____.

A. them

B. each other

C. themselves

D. one another

4. A good writer is _____ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.

A. that

B. he

C. one

D. this

5. Which do you think _____ , wealth or health?

A. best

B. better

C. the better

D. the best

6.The size of that island is about _____ that of this one.

A. three times as much as

B. as three times much as

C. as three times greater than

D. three times as big as

7. That last novel of his is _____ the best he has written.

A. by far

B. so far

C. by then

D. so much

8. A good sleep can _____ a tiring day.

A. make out for

B. make up

C. make up for

D. make up to

9. He hasn’t any money so I _____ him some.

A. will be lending

B. am to lend

C. would lend

D. am going to lend

10. He promised to let me have the book as soon as he _____ it.

A. had read

B. has read

C. read D, would have read

11. We can go only when the ground _____ .

A. is drying

B. will dry

C. dried

D. has dried

12. He went away and he _____ back yet.

A. is not

B. has not been

C. was not

D. will not be

13. The world’s supplies of petroleum _____ .

A. have been gradually exhausted

B. have gradually exhausted

C. are being gradually exhausted

D. are gradually exhausted

14. We _____ your terms carefully but _____ to say that we cannot accept them.

A. are studying; regret

B. have studied; are regretting

C. have studied; regret

D. have been studying; will regret

15. With the development of production and science, electronics _____ a wide application in

a short time.

A. has found

B. finds

C. have found

D. found

16. The company _____ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.

A. has been promised

B. has been promising

C. is promising

D. promised

17. The children _____ many times not to go near the stove.

A. have told

B. told

C. have been told

D. are told

18. The experiment is very expensive. But _____ succeed, we would be able to make production more efficient.

A. should we

B. were we

C. if should we

D. if we

19. _____ if you had lost your watch?

A. Hadn’t you been upset

B. Wouldn’t you be upset

C. Weren’t you upset

D. Wouldn’t you have upset

20. I wished it _____ but it did.

A. not occurred

B. did not occur

C. had not occurred

D. would not occur

21. If I had only read all the books before I _____ the lecture!

A. attended

B. would have attended

C. had attended

D. have attended

22. The swimmer was very tired but he _____ reach the shore before he collapsed.

A. managed

B. could

C. was succeeded to

D. was able to

23. _____ as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.

A. The estimate B The estimate that C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that

24. The lawyer told his client that _____.

A. the case was of a small chance to win

B. it was nearly impossible to win him the case

C. they had little chance of winning the case

D. the chance of their winning the case was little

25. _____ that men try to do the same things as nature does, and they usually have to do them in a different way.

A. The fact is so interesting

B. It is an interesting fact

C. The fact has much interest

D. There is a fact so interesting

26. We were all overjoyed at the news _____ the experiment turned out a success.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. what

27. The man _____ had little information.

A. I spoke of

B. of who I spoke

C. I spoke of whom

D. whom I spoke

28. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.

A. whom

B. as

C. which

D. that

29. The higher income tax is harmful _____ it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

A. so that

B. in that

C. unless

D. in case

30. Only in the last few years _____ to help the underprivileged in the country.

A. something is done

B. is something done

C. has there something been done

D. has anything been done

Reading （30分）

Interesting Day Courses in your Area

A Photographing Wildlife

This workshop includes an introduction in the classroom, two photography sessions with specially arranged access to the zoo enclosures so that you can take natural-looking

close-ups of the most exotic species, and the opportunity to review and discuss your images as a group.

B Drawing For Fun

You will learn some basic techniques using soft pencils and charcoal. These and different types of paper are provided. Just bring yourself and a willingness to ‘have a go’. This is a start-up day so people who have already attended courses should not apply.

C Find Your Voice

You may feel you can’t sing or you may be an established singer who wants to improve or gain confidence. You will be shown how to sing in tune, how to breathe correctly and how to project your voice. You may attend this course more than once and each time have a wonderful experience. Everyone can sing and it’s great fun.

D Focus On Landscapes

This course is designed for students who are familiar with painting in watercolors, but are having difficulty with some techniques. We will discuss choice of materials, color mixing and any other areas that may be raised.

The day will start with a demonstration, followed by an opportunity to sketch outdoors. After a light lunch cooked in the studio, there will be a further practical session.

E Taking Happy Pictures

The main objective is to introduce you to the skills required to take good photographs of people at special events, such as parties or weddings.

We will discuss camera settings, dealing with varied light or bad weather, and how to get a good atmosphere. Lunch is provided at a nearby hotel, followed by a practical session inside the studio.

F The Music Takeaway

Get some friends, family or colleagues together for your own music course in a venue of your choice, which could be your front room, basement or workplace. We send two guitar tutors to lead a one-day session for you in the style of music you prefer, such as rock, country, funk or blues.

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

Participants can decide where the course is held.

Different ability levels are welcome.

All the necessary materials are supplied.

Participants will be able to go where the public are not normally allowed.

It is possible to repeat this course.

You can select what to study from a range of options.

The course will provided advice on how to overcome difficult conditions.

THE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMS

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession ”to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes in plant numbers and the mix of species are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish may tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.

At one time. Ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystem stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologist concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a singe crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy their entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community , such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from bad weather or pests.

The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologist don’t all agree what “stability “ means . Stability can be all defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience . In that case, climax community would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can acquire hundreds of years to return to the complex state.

Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability- just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is , in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle）

Ecologists are especially interested in knowing what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by volcanic explosion of Mount. St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example , pales in comparison to the

construction cause by humans. We need to know what aspects of community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.

Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “ patchiness” of the environment. An environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.

2 According to paragraph 1, which of the following is not true of climax communities?

A They occur at the end of a succession.

B They last longer than any other type of community.

C The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change.

D They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

3 According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?

A Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system.

B The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replace.

C Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next.

D A change in the numbers of an organism does not affect tan ecosystem’s properties.

4 According to paragraph 3, ecologist once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems?

A Pioneer communities

B Climax communities

C Single-crop farmlands

D Successional plant communities

5 According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated?

A The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear.

B Ecologists often confuse the word “stability” with the word “ resilience”.

C The exact meaning of the word “ stability” is debated by ecologists.

D There are many different answers to the ecological questions.

6 According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about climax community?

A They are more resilient than pioneer communities.

B They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.

C They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.

D They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.

7 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forest?

A They become less stable as they mature.

B They support many species when they reach climax.

C They are found in temperate zones.

D They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stage.

9 In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “a A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle”?

A To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an every-day example.

B To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystem can be applied to help understand stability in other situations.

C To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity.

D To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems.

11 which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A Ecologists now thinks that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.

B Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.

C Uniform environments can’t be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.

D A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.

Writing （30分）

Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

全面介绍雅思与托福考试的内容和设置(建议收藏)

全面介绍雅思与托福考试的内容和设置（建议收藏） 一、托福考试 托福考试自创建50多年来，已成为海外各大院校、组织和机构衡量考生英语能力的权威标准。托福考试的试题设计模拟大学课堂环境，强调信息来源的综合多样性，通过阅读、听力、口语和写作四部分，考核学生在学术环境中的英语运用和有效沟通的能力，确保他们能够顺利完成海外的学习和深造。 目前，全球130多个国家和地区逾10，000所院校、组织和机构认可托福成绩，涵盖了美国、英国、澳大利亚和加拿大的所有顶级名校；另外，移民部门会参考申请者的托福成绩签发居住和工作签证；医疗及认证机构会根据从业者的托福成绩颁发职业资格证书；越来越多的英语学习者也依据托福成绩客观评估自己的英语学习进展。 托福考试的顺序为阅读、听力、口语、写作，时长约4个小时，在一天内完成。托福考试各单项为30分，总分为120分。 1. 阅读（时长为60-80分钟） 3-4篇学术文章 每篇文章约700字 每篇文章设12-14个问题 2. 听力（时长为60-90分钟） 4-6段讲座，某些讲座包含课堂讨论 每段讲座时长3-5分钟 每段讲座设置6个问题 2-3段对话 每段对话时长3分钟 每段对话设置5个问题 3. 口语（时长为20分钟） 2个独立试题：考生依据话题，阐述自己的观点 4个综合试题：以阅读和收听的信息为基础，进行口语表述 4. 写作（时长为50分钟） 1个综合试题：以阅读和收听的信息为基础进行写作 1个独立试题：就某个话题阐述论点 托福考试成绩的有效期为两年；考生参加托福考试的次数不受限制，但两次考试之间的时间间隔不得小于12个自然日。 二、雅思考试

IELTS 雅思考试（International English Language Testing System，国际英语语言测试系统）是为那些打算在以英语作为交流语言的国家和地区留学或就业的人们设置的英语语言水平考试。雅思考试由英国文化教育协会、IDP教育集团和剑桥大学外语考试部三方在全球共同组织运作。 雅思考试内容涵盖听说读写四项语言技能，兼具实用性和学术性，能够精准地测评考生真实的英语沟通能力。雅思考试有两种考试类型：学术类和培训类。学术类雅思适用于出国留学申请本科、研究生及以上学位，或获得专业资质。培训类适用于英语国家移民申请（如澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰及英国），或申请培训及非文凭类课程。 如果您想要前往英国或在英国居留一段时间，您需要了解用于英国签证及移民的雅思考试(UKVI)。该考试是为满足英国签证与移民局对特定类型英国签证申请要求所开设的考试。 2016年，有超过270万人次在140个国家和地区参加雅思考试。全球超过9，000所教育机构、雇主单位、专业协会和政府部门的认可雅思成绩。 教育部考试中心与英国文化教育协会于2004年2月23日正式签署了在中国合作举办雅思考试的协议。根据协议规定，中国内地（香港、澳门和台湾地区除外）的雅思考试由教育部考试中心和英国文化教育协会合作举行。雅思考试的报名、考生咨询和各地考点的设立及管理工作将由教育部考试中心统一负责。英国文化教育协会作为雅思考试网络的代表，负责内地雅思考试的资料提供、考场监考和考卷评分等工作。目前，雅思在中国大陆40个城市共设有75个考试中心。 1. 关于报名和交费 在中国，考生只能通过网上报名的方式报考雅思考试。考生可访问教育部考试中心雅思报名网站并完成以下步骤即可报考雅思考试。 第一步：注册成为教育部考试中心（NEEA）用户 第二步：预付考试费用 第三步：预订座位 第四步：填写报名表 第五步：确认支付考试费用 第六步：报名成功 第七步：网上预订口试时间 第八步：查看考试安排打印准考证 2. 关于考试成绩 考试成绩单是考生英语能力的权威证明，显示考生听力、阅读、写作和口语4个分项的成绩以及总成绩。 考生须正常完成笔试、口试所有科目及如期参加现场照相方可以收到成绩单。考生通常可以在笔试后第10个工作日登录教育部考试中心雅思报名网站个人主页查看考试成绩。考试成绩以最终收到的成绩单为准。考生成绩单将同时由英国文化教育协会通过EMS（仅限于中国大陆地区寄送服务）寄往考生报名时提供的成绩单寄送地址，每位考生只能收到1份成绩

托福雅思15种语法

雅思常考的15种语法现象 一、动词时态及语态题 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there, the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child, I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day’s exhausting work, his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题 1、The film showed last night was very moving. 2、Having finishing his lecture, the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time, we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here? 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题 1、It is difficult to study English well. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car? 五、倒装句型 全部倒装句 1、Stop talking! There comes the teacher. 部分倒装句 1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital. 2、Not only does he study well, but also he is always ready to help others. 3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam. 六、从句中选择关系词题 1、It was in so friendly a way that he talked with us. 2、Oct.15, 2005 is a day when we will take our English examination. 3、We want to buy the same book as you are reading. 4、The sun heats the earth, which is very important to living things. 七、虚拟语气 1、I would have done it better if I had had more time. 2、I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 3、I suggest that we (should )adopt a different policy. 4、Had it not been for your help, we would never have been able to get over the difficulties. 八、情态动词题 1、The ground is so wet, it must have rained last night. 2、She must be a doctor, I think. 3、I should have called you last week, but I was too busy then. 九、几组形容词及副词区别题（注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达; likely/possible/probable; worth/worthy; too much/much too; already/yet等） 1、His books are three time as many as my books.

雅思和托福考试的区别和难度比较

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留学热潮中，越来越多的人把留学目标转向了欧洲，特别是英联邦国家，一种新的留学考试也随之受到了越来越多的关注，这就是IELTS（雅思）考试。 和TOEFL考试一样，IELTS考试是一种英语语言水平测试，但是IELTS与TOEFL 到底有什么不同，两者成绩是否有一个可以互换的标准，两者的难度是否相当，各自适用的范围如何，在去海外求学的路途上，到底应当选择哪一种考试……面临选择，渴望在海外进一步完成高等教育的学生们越来越迫切地想要认识和了解IELTS考试。本文将就这些普遍的问题，将IELTS与大家较为熟悉的TOEFL考试做一对比，以帮助大家更好地认识这两种考试的异同，做出更适合自身情况的选择。 一、概述 什么是TOEFL IELTS考试 做为一种英语水平测试，TOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language)考试由美国普林斯顿教育考试服务处（Educational Testing Service, Princeton, USA）主持，在全世界近180个国家有大约1200个考点。想要前往美国、加拿大完成高等教育的非英语国家的学生一般都需要参加TOEFL考试，其主要目的是判断考生有无在美、加高等学府进行学习或学术研究的语言能力。英联邦国家的部分学校也接受TOEFL考试成绩，但考生必须先与学校取得联系，确认之后方可。 IELTS(The International English Language Testing System)也是一种英语水平测试，由剑桥大学测试中心（The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate-UCLES）、英国文化委员会（The British Council）和澳大利亚高校国际开发署（IDP Education Australia)共同管理。与TOEFL 考试不同的是，根据考生参加考试的不同目的，IELTS考试又分为两种模式：ACADEMIC (学术类)用于测试应试者的英语水平是否能够在英语环境中就读大学本科或研究生课程，这一点与TOEFL考试有些相似；GENERAL TRAINING(普通培训类)则侧重评估应试者是否已具备在英语国家生存所需的基本英语技能，即survival English。有关这两种考试模式在内容上的具体差别下文中会做详细介绍，此处便不再赘述。去英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、和加拿大留学、进修或学术访问的人员需要根据对方院校的要求参加IELTS考试（学术类），英国的院校更是以IELTS成绩作为外国留学生申请入学的唯一语言标准，其它英联邦国家的部分院校同时接受IELTS和TOEFL成绩，甚至连美国也已有近60所大学接受申请者提供的IELTS成绩。此外申请技术移民加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰时申请者也须参加IELTS考试(普通培训类)。 考试的时间地点 托福考试在我国每年举行四次，分别是1月、5月、8月和10月，考试日是星期六。报名需要提前两个半月。托福考试在中国各主要城市的主要大学几乎都设有考点，仅北京就有十五、六处。

英语写作经典段落结构(雅思托福都适用)Five Paragraph Essay Structure

Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

托福写作和雅思写作差异区别对比分析

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托福雅思写作句型必背考生自己整理

EVA句型团笔记 DAY 1(主系表句型) 平庸，甚至错误句型： there are more and more peopl e study abroad [2个谓语动词] with the d evel opment of technol ogy, friends become more and more important [没有逻辑关系] 英文思维：主次分明，注重逻辑；（效率／不会产生歧义） 主语：发出动作宾语：动作的接受者 思维决定了语言表达 中英文句型直观的差异： 1.语序——先主干，后次要 2.词性和成分一一对应——动词 五大句子基本类型： 1. 主谓 2. 主谓宾 3. 主系表 4. 主谓宾1宾2 5. 主谓宾宾补 核心思维： 主系表句型 eg1:新鲜空气对健康有益 Fresh air is beneficial to health. Health can benefit from fresh air a lot. Fresh air contributes to promoting health. 注意：有许多系动词可以使用，be动词是其中较为简单的一种。 句型一：A（人／物）+ be. + adj.（怎么回事）+ to B（针对于谁来说） 注意点：1. Be 2. 位置，语序 A is beneficial/harmful/d etrimental/superior/inferior to B eg2.过度的工作对工作者的身体有害(overwork v.) Excessive work is d etrimental to worker’s health. Working for excessive hours does harm to worker’s health. It is unhealthy for workers to work excessively. Overworking throws shad ow on worker’s health. 英文基本原则：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词

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GRE、托福、雅思三大出国英语考试比较分析与备考建议【技术贴】 大家有疑问可以在回复里提出，我会在贴子里补充回答 鉴于大家问我要材料的热情，在这里先注明下，材料也不精美，仅作参考，手头电子材料只有GRE作文（对托福也会有帮助），托福口语资料(没有我帖子里提到的口语圣经的听力材料，被我删掉了@___@,大家自己上网找找)。留言时请注明邮箱和所要的材料，我会打包发给大家^_______^ 在出国的芸芸众生之中，我也算为数不多的将GRE、托福以及雅思考了个遍的申请者，回头看时，深感紧迫的是从一个更加全面且切身的层面上为后来者分析一下这三类考试。我的出国之路，虽不甚坎坷，但也着实漫长辛苦，漫长则有积累，辛苦固得经验，这些积累经验便许我缓缓道来。 首先言明此贴阅读之前的几点注意： 1.既为技术贴，顾名思义，内容在闲客看来定是枯燥艰涩，因而如并非真有心出国留学的朋友就不必徒花时间了，此贴是专为有心或将要参加这三类考试的同学准备的； 2.我的英语水平并不高，且各个人英语水平或有不同，我贴子里的备考建议也只适用于和我的水平大略相似的，水平高者则不必如此繁琐小心，而水平有待提高者则需更多努力。此处简略地说下我的基础：高考英语140，四级620，六级600。一并提一下我这三门的结果：GRE 1320（520+800）+4，TOEFL 105（28+29+23+25），IELTS 7（6.5+8.5+6.5+6）。大家可以针对自己已有的成绩和预想的结果来看待我这篇贴子。同样这篇帖子中也多是我认为需要注意的地方，大家如果有更多的问题再提出来就是。（有些人针对我这一点炮轰，我觉得心态就有问题了，托福110+GRE1450+的人我身边比比皆是，所以我写这个帖子真的是希望客观地给出建议，当然大家不盲从的心态也是好的，互相批评才能进步，感谢所有批评的人） 3.我是按照GRE-托福-雅思的顺序来考试的，因而我的备考建议也是针对这个顺序给出的，对于其他的顺序只是参考作用，大家切不可迷信，因为次序不一差别实际上是很大的。 4.很多细节可能一时不能拾忆，难免有所疏漏还请大家见谅。 言归正传，下面首先分析一下这三大考试，并通过比较展示一些细节。

雅思托福应试技巧讲座心得

雅思托福应试技巧讲座心得 今天晚上，我去听了关于雅思托福应试技巧的讲座，受益匪浅，更加明确了自己的目标和大学英语的学习方法。 老师从什么是雅思，什么是托福开始讲起，带我们走进了英语的世界。她为我们消除了对雅思托福的恐惧心理，盲从心理。老师告诉我们，雅思托福，听上去很洋气的两个名词，其实并不可怕，只要认真学习，用心学习，我们也能做到。 打好基础。老师告诉我们，学好英语，最关键的一点是达到一定的词汇量。高中需要3500词汇量，英语四级需要4000词汇量，雅思需要8000词汇量。一切的一切都说明了，要学好英语必须保证一定的词汇量。老师又强调了要反复记忆与练习，学习单词需要我们的耐心，需要我们的坚持。总之，学好英语一定要打好基础，扩大自己的词汇量。 注重日常练习。英语听力能力的提高在于每日的积累。老师告诉我们要做一个有心人，她向我们推荐了几款app，还告诉了我们一些英语学习网站，让我们自己在网上进行自主学习。尤其是“scientific American 60 second”这个app。每天只需要抽出一分钟来学习，就能很好地提高自己的英语听力水平。 功夫不负有心人。英语作文水平的提高在于平时词汇与语法的积累。老师给我们展示了一篇雅思成绩为7分的作文。考生运用了各种

语法，句型，而且运用了许多词形变换。而且从文中可以看出考生为了准备考试积累了许多专业词汇。老师告诉我们，要想在众多考生中脱颖而出，就必须能够灵活地运用新颖的词汇，熟练的运用各种句型。而且要多积累专业词汇，这能够给改卷老师留下一个好印象。功夫不负有心人，我们要在平常做好积累。 多阅读。老师推荐了好几本杂志，与雅思官方出的书，老师说，有好多考试内容摘自这些文章，要多读这些杂志与参考书，还可以提高自己的英语阅读水平。 在大学四年，我要制定学习英语的规划，努力提高自己的英语水平，铺垫出自己的成功之路。

雅思托福介绍

A.雅思考试与新托福考试的相似性： （1）两者均为国际性英语语言测试 雅思考试是由“剑桥大学考试委员会”、“澳大利亚国际教育开发署”和“英国文化协会”三家国际性机构联手在全球推出的国际英语语言测试。而新托福的主办方则是美国有着100多年历史的老牌教育服务机构“ETS”。两种考试都是名副其实的“国际性考试”。 （2）两者均为留学的敲门砖 拥有雅思或（新）托福的成绩，等于拥有了进入国际院校的敲门砖。 （3）两者均为听说读写同等重要 雅思和新托福从考试形式上来看都是分为听、说、读、写四门，而且四门各自计算成绩最后再折算成总分。雅思的总分是听、说、读、写四门成绩总分的平均（满分9分），而新托福总分则是四门成绩的总计（满分120分）。可以看出雅思和新托福考试都是需要对学生英语语言能力做全面测试，且对考生的听、说、读、写四门技能同等重视。 （4）两者有效期、适用性和认可度基本相同 目前，雅思和新托福成绩的有效期均为两年。从适用性和认可度来看，随着两种考试在全球范围的不断推广，绝大多数国外大学现在就已经明确表示雅思和新托福成绩均被接收。 B.雅思与新托福的主要区别 （1）单独计算VS.总体评分 IELTS考试分为听力9、阅读9、写作9、口语9四个独立部分，四个部分单独计分，最终成绩为四项的平均成绩9；而TOEFL考试总分则是四门成绩的总计（满分120分）。 （2）IELTS适合人群VS. TOEFL适合人群 IELTS适合人群：想去英联邦留学的学生或移民加拿大，澳大利亚和新西兰的人员。雅思考试对词汇的要求并不是很高，但却非常生活化。TOEFL适合人群：希望去美国、加拿大等国留学的学生。 （3）笔考VS.网考 雅思考试现在还是传统的笔试模式。而新托福则是以网考的形式进行，整个新托福考试的运行都要通过电脑来完成。 （4）人人对话VS.人机对话 雅思的口语考试是由考官和考生一对一的交谈。新托福考试的口语部分，考生将戴上耳机听考题，然后在限定时间内思考，最后对着麦克风在规定的时间内进行回答。整个过程考生面对的是机器、屏幕提示和读秒指示。 （5）英式文化VS.美式文化 IELTS考试是以国际化为出发点，涉及的文化地理等方面知识以英澳两国居多。TOEFL则是以美式英语为基准，听力中完全是标准的美音，而且也有美式的习语、俚语出现，涉及有大量关于美国的历

雅思托福语法十大原则

定语从句（道德类核心词汇） 1.对不能抵抗的动物进行实验是不道德的。 Key words: resist, morally wrong 2.在家庭和工作之间寻找平衡的职业妇女会感到进退两难。 Key words: career women, dilemma 3.家长必须教育孩子不要模仿某些某些是负面榜样的明星。 Key words: imitate, negative role model 4.不成熟的青少年容易盲从并误入歧途。 Key words: follow like sheep, go astray 5.知道真相的病人可能会失去活下去的勇气。 Key words: truth, the courage to survive 6.有孝心的孩子不会让自己的父母住到敬老院去。 Key words: with obedience, nursing home 7.不少人坚信堕胎导致社会道德败坏。 Key words: abortion, corruption of social ethics 8.雇主更愿意雇用那些重视诚信和忠心的员工。 Key words: integrity, loyalty 9.作为最常用的电子设备，电脑经常被利用来做犯罪工具。 Key words: electronic facility, crime tool 10.众所周知，安乐死是让病人和他们的家人迅速摆脱痛苦的方法。Key words: euthanasia, get rid of

1、人们可以在家上班，以避免交通阻塞以及拥挤的公共交通。 Key words: traffic jam, public transport 2、在家工作让人们可以花更多时间提高个人能力和接受教育。 Key words: personal skills 3、跳槽是和不同的人一起工作的一种渴望，一种对承担不同工作职责的渴望，一种住在不同城市的渴望。 Key words: job-hopping, yearning 4、经常跳槽的人的诚信和忠诚容易受到质疑。 Key words: integrity, loyalty, be prone to, doubt 5、如果你是一位癌症患者的医生，你忍心告诉他真相，还是保守秘密？ Key words: have the heart, keep…a secret 6、尽管说白色谎言是出于良好的目的，但说谎还是不诚实、不道德的。 Key words: out of good intentions, dishonest, immoral 7、承重的工作压力会导致身心健康、工作效率和生活质量一起下降。 Key words: work stress,mental and physical health, working efficiency, life quality 8、对老人实行强迫退休制度是对他们工作权利的侵犯。 Key words: impose…on…, mandatory retirement, the right to work 9、看太多电视节目会对孩子的智力发展造成伤害。 Key words: intellectual growth, cause damage to 10、商业广告中充斥各种误导人、欺骗人的信息。 Key words: flood, misleading, cheating

雅思,托福分数对照

雅思托福区别 接受程度方面： 托福：北美所有院校及部分英联邦国家承认 ( 澳大利亚除外 ) 雅思：英联邦所有国家，北美近 900 家院校承认 考试特点方面： 托福：以美式英语为主。只考对语言的笔头掌握能力，作文单独计分，将要加试口语 雅思：以英式英语为主。综合能力测试。分移民类和留学类两类 考试密度方面： 托福：每月 1-3 次 雅思：每月 1-3 次 考试形式： 雅思：考试分听、说、读、写四个部分，兼顾了外语教学的各个目标点，能够测出一个人的实际水平。而且雅思考试采用手写的形式，可能更准确一些。

新托福：采用真实场景(例如：模拟大学校园中的动态和交互式环境)，试题综合考察听、说、读、写全部 4 项英语语言能力，考生可充分展示使用英语进行交流的能力。新托福考试通过互联网进行，考试采取机考形式。新托福考试的考试时间和各部分试题数目都是固定的。题目难度与上一题回答是否准确无关。 考试成绩的有效期均为两年。 机经解密：新托福考试原则上考题不会重复；而雅思考试中仍然会有题库，考生可以通过一些“ 过来人” 的考试经验，对考试背景作大致了解，但对于在网络上公布的考试答案，考生不能完全依赖。因为考试中的题目有可能极其相似，但答案却完全不同。 ? 16 号上海华师大，今天下午话题主要集中在 ? 天气、图书馆、电影 ? 进去后问我手机和身份证，确认后，开始 ? 很抱歉，我忘了房间号，只记得考官叫 Steven, 男的，口音标准，语速也很慢 ? 姓名、做什么的、谁给过你帮助、空闲时间做什么，什么时候经常下雨、哪个地方下雨比较多

考试内容 雅思考试：考生在英语国家的生存能力，基本上是生活应用类。 托福考试：考查英语这门语言的规范性、技巧性，较为书本化。 听力 新托福：原来的短对话被取消，听力部分内容更加学术化，演讲篇幅大大加长。此外，听力部分出现了 5 种新题型：“ 选择两个正确答案的题目” 、“ 听部分文章摘要后完成的细节题” 、“ 根据文章内容点击图片相应位置的题目” 、“ 通过拖动来选择答案的多选题” 、“ 点击表格的题目” 。 雅思：听力部分会出现多个经典场景，对细节考核将更贴近国外生活要求。例如，购物，租房，开生日聚会，写课外作业报告等场景。考核题型也趋向多样化，不再是单纯考查填空或选择题。 提示新托福听力部分题型还是以选择题为主，与雅思的填空式作答相比，更符合中国学生的考试模式。 口语：

[雅思与托福的区别]雅思难度与四六级相比

[雅思与托福的区别]雅思难度与四六级相比 考试类别 IELTS：雅思考试，外文名International English Language Testing System，由剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化 协会及IDP教育集团共同管理，是一种针英语能力，为打算到使 用英语的国家学习、工作或定居的人们设置的英语水平考试。 TOEFL：托福考试是由美国教育测验服务社举办的英语能力考试，全名为“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”，中文音译 为“托福”。托福考试是全世界适用范围最广的考试之一，大部 分北美国家都将托福考试作为申请本科、硕士和博士入学和奖学 金的必备标准化考试之一。 适用国家 IELTS：英国、加拿大、爱尔兰、新西兰、澳大利亚、荷兰、美国、法国、芬兰、德国、新加坡、丹麦 TOEFL：墨西哥、加拿大、爱尔兰、新西兰、比利时、荷兰、美国、法国、奥地利、德国、新加坡、丹麦 考试详情 IELTS考试用途：IELTS考试可用于留学、移民、培训等；但雅思成绩通常不能直接用于申请奖学金。I ELTS考试时长：IELTS 考试全程≈3小时 IELTS考试方式：

【纸考】 考试分为学术类和普通培训类两种。听力、阅读和写作三部分在上午进行纸考，口语在下午或第二天进行，以考官面试方式进行。 IELTS考试分数：满分9分，听说读写每项9分，最终得分取平均值。 TOEFL考试用途：TOEFL只能用于留学申请和奖学金申请。 TOEFL考试时长：TOEFL考试全程≈4小时 TOEFL考试方式： 【机考】 托福通过互联网与ETS总部组成局域网，为每个人发出不同的考题。网考通过电子方式记录答案后，将答案传输到人工评分网络评分。 TOEFL考试分数：总分120分，听说读写四项各30分。 考试内容 听力 雅思听力部分会出现多个经典场景，对细节考核将更贴近国外生活要求。此外，听力部分将出现一些新场景，比如商业场景、超市、纪念品店等信息。考核题型也趋向多样化，不再是单纯考查填空或选择题。 新托福听力原来的短对话被取消，听力内容更加学术化，演讲篇幅大大加长。此外，听力部分出现了5种新题型：“选择两

托福、雅思、GRE的区别

托福，雅思，GRE和GMA T都是出国留学的考试，它们最大的区别是，GRE和GMA T 都是由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办的美国研究生入学考试。GRE（全称Graduate Record Examinations）是美加大学各类研究生院(除管理类学院，法学院)要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩。GMAT（全称Graduate Management Admission Test）是国外工商管理硕士MBA入学考试。 而托福和雅思则为申请进入国外大学学习的英语入学考试。 托福的英文为TOEFL，是英文Test of English as a Foreign Language的缩写。它是由美国教育考试服务处（Educational Testing Service，简称ETS）举办的为申请去美国或加拿大等国家上大学或进入研究生院学习的非英语国家学生提供的一种英语水平考试。1981年下半年，国家教育委员会批准建立中国国外考试协调处，负责管理和承办TOEFL等国外考试业务。 雅思的英文为IELTS ，是英文International English Language Testing System的简写，它由英国剑桥大学考试委员会(The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate-UCLES)、澳大利亚高校国际开发署(IDP Education Australia)及英国文化委员会(The British Council)共同举办的面向母语为非英语人士的英语水平考试。它于1990年4月在我国开始推广。雅思考试分为两种，即General Training Module （通常我们所谓的移民类）和Academic Module （通常我们所谓的学术类或留学类）。 托福和雅思两种考试各有什么特点呢？ 托福考试是美式英语的考试，雅思考试是英式英语的考试。托福考试是美国人出题，所以它以美式英语为基准，因此在托福听力中完全是标准的美音，美式的习语、俚语也时有出现，更有大量的关于美国的历史、文化、政治、地理等方面的内容。而雅思考试由于考试当局是以英、澳两国为主，因此在听力中发音力图做到国际化，也就是说各国口音都会有所表现，但以英、澳发音为主，其中的阅读经常涉及的文化地理知识以这两国居多。现在社会英语学习的潮流以美式英语为主，而说一口标准的美音，则更是被大多数人所羡慕，从这一点来说，托福考试无疑具有一定的优势。 托福和雅思两种考试具体考核内容： 雅思考试共分听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分，考试时间为2小时45分钟，而移民类与留学类只是在阅读和写作两个单项上有区别，在口试与听力上则采取同样的题目。雅思考试听力、阅读、写作、口语的四部分中，每部分的满分都是9分，最低分是0分，其中，听力和阅读部分按照答对题目的数量评分，允许有0.5分，而写作和口语则只有整数分。 老的托福考试的满分为677分，它是听力、语法和阅读三部分的分数总和，托福作文单独记分，满分为6分。但是，新托福考试已经于2005年的9月起在美国，10月起在加拿大、法国、德国及意大利，2006年起在其它国家即将开始实行。新托福考试包括听说读写四个部分（每部分30分，总分120分），听力部分由两篇较长的校园情景对话和四篇课堂演讲组成，阅读由三篇阅读文章组成，每篇包含11-13道阅读理解题目，口语包括要学生就某一话题阐述自己观点，另外，要求学生先读后听，然后根据题目要求口头回答，作文部分要求学生一小时内完成两篇文章（包括一篇先听、读，然后再写）。 考了托福和雅思两种考试可以去哪些国家？ IELTS适用于英联邦的任何国家，而TOEFL则适用于除澳大利亚的任何国家，但也有很多国外的高校托福和雅思同时认可。但是，TOEFL作为老牌的风靡全球的留学生英语入学考试，特别是改革后，它对考生综合语言能力的测试，使它还是具有无与伦比的优势 参考资料：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a516346927.html,/post.867450.html