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归去来兮辞(人教版高二必修)

归去来兮辞(人教版高二必修)
归去来兮辞(人教版高二必修)

4、《归去来兮辞》教案(人教版高二必修5)

陕西省旬阳县神河中学语文备课组

教学目标:

1、把握此辞淡远潇洒风格,明晰诗人形象;积累文言基础知识。

2、领会诗人的感情志向;把握词类活用现象。

3、感受作者对黑暗官场厌恶、鄙弃和对农村自然景物与劳动生活赞美之情。

教学重点:把握全文的结构;领略辞中表现的遗世独立、心胸旷达的乐观精神。

教学难点:理解题目“归去来兮辞”,理解本辞特点。

课时安排:3课时

第一课时

教学步骤:

一、我们学习过《归园田居•其一》:

1、请那位同学给背诵出来,并说说这首诗的主旨。

少无适俗韵,性本爱丘山。误落尘网中,一去三十年。羁鸟恋旧林,池鱼思故渊。开荒南野际,守拙归园田。方宅十余亩,草屋八九间。榆柳荫后檐,桃李罗堂前。暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。户庭无尘杂,虚室有馀闲。久在樊笼里,复得返自然。

2、请那位同学简单介绍一下陶渊明及其思想追求?

明确:陶渊明(365—427),东晋著名诗人。家境贫寒,为了谋生,作过祭酒、参军等小官。憎恶黑暗的官场,不肯同流合污,决心从事耕作,过隐居生活。写田园生活和自然景色,意境淡远,语言质朴,风格独特。

二、明确学习目标。请大家根据课文编排特点、课文内容等,想想看:学习本文我们要收获什么?(依据学生意见,明确学习目标)

三、总体了解:

1、解读题目:《归去来兮辞》,归去来,回去。来、兮,助词。

也可这样理解:“归去”就离开彭泽而言,可说是“归去”。“来”就回乡而言,可说是“来”。文章从思归到归家,步步叙明,所以合起来就叫做“归去来”。辞,文体名,是一种抒情赋体,一般要押韵,并多用四个字或六个字的对偶句,格调与散文不同。

2、时代背景:阅读《新课标•名师伴你行》第28页,请同学们用一两句话概括出来。

四、试读再读:

1、请同学主动试读“序”部分,再分组朗读各段。

2、请同学们找出刚才朗读不太正确之处,并加以校正朗读。

五、总体感知:

1、通过朗读,请同学们概括说说序和各段写了什么内容?

明确:主体之前有个“序”,说明写这篇文章的原由,这可以帮助读者更加透彻地了解文章的用意以及作者的思想和情操。

文章的主体是有韵的“辞”,从厌恶仕宦生活,决心弃官回家写起,说明“归去”是应当的;有了这层意思,对比之下,下文归去之后的生活就显得更加欢乐。接着用三段文章写归去之后的生活和感受。第一段写到家之后,庭园之内的欢乐和安闲;第二段写田间耕作和纵情山水的乐趣;最后一段写乐天知命、乘化任运思想下的无忧无虑。三段写了三层意思,一层比一层深远。

2、“序”中表明陶渊明辞官归隐的原因是什么?(略)

六、默读“序”部分,借助注释翻译。教师走动以便随时解答学生问题。

七、请几位同学对“序”作准确翻译。学生主动完成,教师及时纠正。

『附』《序》译文:我家贫穷,种田不能自给。孩子很多,米缸里没有存粮。维持生活所需的一切,没有办法解决。亲友都劝我去做官,我心里也有这个念头,可是求官缺乏门路。正赶上有奉使外出的差事,蒙江州刺史对我的厚爱,叔父也因为我家境贫苦,(替我设法)被委派到小县作官。那时社会上动荡不安,心里畏怕到远地当差。彭泽县离家一百里,公田收获的粮食,足够造酒饮用,所以就请求去那里。等到过了一些日子,便产生留恋故园的怀乡感情。那是为什么?本性任其自然,这是勉强不得的;饥寒虽然来得急迫,但是违背本意去做官,身心都感痛苦。过去为官做事,都是为了吃饭而役使自己。于是惆怅感慨,深深有愧于平生的志愿。仍然希望任职一年,便收拾行装连夜离去。不久,嫁到程家的妹妹在武昌去世,一心在于赶快去奔丧,自己请求免去官职。自立秋第二个月到冬天,在职共八十多天。就着这件事陈述自己的心意,写了一篇文章,题目叫《归去来兮》。这时候正是乙巳年(晋安帝义熙元年)十一月。

注:慷慨—①充满正气,情绪激昂;②不吝啬。这里是“感慨”义。

第二课时

教学步骤:

一、分组朗读各段,然后分类归纳古汉语常识,引导学生根据文义揣摩。

1、通假字:“曷”通“何”;“景”通“影”;“衡”通“横”。

2、古今异义词

于时风波未静(风波,指战乱。今常用来比喻乱子。句意是,这时候社会不安定。)

饥冻虽切,违己交病(交,交互,都。今义“交通”、“交友”等。饥寒虽然很急迫,违背本心就会身心都痛苦。)

尝从人事(人事,治人之事。今义:人的离合、境遇、存亡等情况,或关于人员的录用、培养、调配、奖惩等工作。)

寻程氏妹丧于武昌(寻,不久,今义为“寻找”“追寻”等。句意是:不久嫁到程家的妹妹死在武昌。)

景翳翳以将入。(景,同“影”,日光。今义“景色”,“光景”等。句意是:阳光暗了太阳就要落山。)

3、一词多义

心①因事顺心(心意)②既自以心为形役(意志,精神之类。)

夫①问征夫以前路(夫,名词)②乐夫天命傻奚疑?(助词)

事①将有事于西畴(指耕种的事)②从人事(指治人之事)

故①故伎求之(所以)②亲故多劝余为长吏(故交,朋友)

之①胡为乎遑遑欲何之(往,动词)②求之靡途(代“为长吏”,代词)③四方之事(助词“的”)奚①奚惆怅而独悲(为什么)②乐夫天命复奚疑(什么)

奔①载欣载奔(跑去)②情在骏奔(奔丧)

4、词类活用:除《新课标•名师伴你行》第27-28页所列外补充如下。

生生所资(第二个“生”,动词活用成名词“生活”。句意是:生活上需要的东西,找不到取得的办法。)

眄庭柯以怡颜(怡,使动用法,使颜怡。句意是,观赏院里的树木感到喜悦。)

倚南窗以寄傲(傲,形容词作名词,自足自待的心情。句意是,靠着南窗休息以寄托自得的心情。)

审容膝之易安(容膝,动词作名词,空膝的小屋。句意是,深知住在容膝的小屋里也很安适。)或棹孤舟(棹,名词作动词,划。句意是,有时划着小船。)

悦亲戚之情话,乐琴书以消忧(悦、乐:形容词用作动词,意动用法)

5、古汉语句式

①判断句:皆口腹自役(“皆”表判断。句意——都是为了吃饭而违反心愿。)

②倒装句

复驾言兮焉求(感叹句宾语前置。“焉求”即“求焉”,求什么。句意是,还出去干什么!)胡为乎遑遑欲何之(疑问句宾语前置,“何之”即“之何”。句意是,为什么心神不定,想到哪里去呢?)

寻程氏妹丧于武昌(介词结构后置句。句意是:不久嫁到程家的妹妹在武昌死亡。)

③省略句:略。

二、参读《新课标•名师伴你行》第28-29页翻译及“合作探讨问题”,理解语段。板书设计:归去来兮辞

1段:归途------舟遥遥,风飘飘(归途之愉)

2、3:归家------引壶觞,园日涉;既寻壑,又经丘(归家之乐)

4段:归意-------聊乘化,乐天命(归隐情怀)

三、边读边译与探究学习第1段:

1、语句解读:

“归去来兮!田园将芜”这千古一喟,耐人寻味,生命智慧,亦尽在其中。但能够像陶渊明一样,饱含深情并坚决地喊出“归去”的,“四海之大,有几人欤?”

“归去来兮!”一个“归去”,富含着对故乡、对心灵归属地的确认,“有四方之事”和“风波未静”的官场对诗人来说只是“异地”,是“异乡”,是个人精神无法生根的“漂泊地”,而在漂泊中,牵挂心灵的永远是故土田园。“田园将芜”,自己的精神又何尝不是近乎荒芜呢?庭院中的松菊似乎也在思念着:诗人吧?否则,如何会与诗人一样在思念中日渐憔悴?

“实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非。”这表明作者的归隐不是一时的感情冲动,不是缘于外界的“仕途不意”,而是一种深刻反思,是对前途和命运的理性抉择,是源于对自己本性的思考和保持。在这里,陶氏的“归去”缘于“知止”和“自知”的智慧,他的归田之喜悦是一种智者的喜悦,正是这种智慧,使陶渊明显示出与当时及后世诸多“隐士”的不同。

陶氏的归隐是对官场主动放弃之归,是执著人生寻找真我之归,他不狂放,不沉沦,对生命和自然满怀真挚与热爱,他所做的是追求内在的生命自由,将心灵寄托于田园,在平凡的现实中将主观情感与自然万物合一,在耕读觞咏中咀嚼人生的真正价值,从而获得精神上的大解脱。

2、站在船头的陶渊明是一个什么样的形象?他当时的心理活动又是怎样的呢?

探究学习:飘荡前行的一叶扁舟上,站着从彭泽弃官归家的诗人陶渊明。轻飏吹荡的江风,吹得他衣袂飘拂,俨然仙人一般——笼中的鸟儿此时终于重返自然了。他的快乐又有谁能体会呢?人生的美好与难以企及处,便在于心灵的自由与悠然;人生永恒的瞬间,也常常缘起于那片刻的安闲:只不过是轻轻飘过一缕云烟,便有了难言的满足;只不过是闲叙几句家常,便有了一整日的温暖——“归去处”才是陶渊明心灵的归宿。在那个并不富足的田园里,他欣然开怀,洒脱自在,一如那朵无心出岫的白云。其实,田园处处可寻,千载难觅的,是那般快乐而满足的心。

四、边读边译与探究学习第2段:

1、温馨的家庭是陶渊明归隐的保证,而一个家庭中少不了女主人的支撑,你能从陶渊明的描写中隐见他妻子的身影么?

探究学习:“童仆欢迎,稚子候门。”“携幼人室,有酒盈樽。”可见,家里为了迎接陶渊明的归来举行了一个小小的欢迎仪式,从这番“隆重”欢迎的安排中,我们便可以隐然看见妻子

的形象了。她既是一个理家抚幼、能干贤淑的人,又是一个善解人意、温柔多情的人。不论陶渊明的辞官归家会给她带来什么,她都没有半句怨言,早早一番忙碌,给丈夫准备好了一壶酒,并且斟好了满满的一杯,只为给丈夫接风洗尘。孩子们欢呼雀跃的时候,她默默地站在背后,面带喜悦的微笑看着他们。她理解丈夫的心理,看见他的眉头是舒展的,自己心里也便感到快慰了。

2、辞中的“松”“菊”有没有什么象征意义?

探究学习:“芳菊开林耀,青松冠岩列。怀此贞秀姿,卓为霜下杰。”(《和郭主簿二首》其二)“秋菊有佳色,浥露掇其英。泛此望忧物,远我遗世情。”(《饮酒》其七)陶渊明的诗中离不开这些意象,因为这是他飘逸、醇厚诗歌风格的酵母,是他淡泊、真淳而又孤傲人格的象征。“三径就荒,松菊犹存”,陶渊明归来时,见庭院仍有傲霜独立的青松,历寒而愈秀的秋菊,顿时感到无限欣慰——任世事变迁,世态炎凉,惟我不变,所求不变,那就是顺应天性,放浪于自然大化之中。这一刻,他感到分裂的人格终于弥合,自我在多年艰难寻求和痛苦徘徊之后蝉蜕而出。

五、再朗读第1、2段,心中再浮现出陶渊明辞官归家途中和回家后的形象。

第三课时

教学步骤:

一、朗读第1、2段,用一两句话概括主要内容。

二、边读边译与探究学习第3段:

“木欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流”,给我们描绘一幅怎样的景象,作者为什么写这些?

三、边读边译与探究学习第4段:

“聊乘化以归尽,乐夫天命复奚疑”,传达出作者消极思想还是积极人生观?结合全文同桌讨论,在全班发言。

归纳理解:有人认为陶渊明秉承了老庄的哲学,思想是消极的,是在逃避。看一个人生活得是否积极,关键是看他有没有理想。陶渊明的弃职归田,不能说其是消极处世,恰恰相反,他所追求的,是做自己喜欢的事,在书卷中追求安谧,在田园里追求自己的平静心境。你看:“园日涉以成趣”“乐琴书以消忧”,日子过得惬意、充实而有意义,虽然物资匮乏,但精神却是充实的;“登东皋以舒啸,临清流而赋诗”,是在畅快之至,洒脱之至!这便是他所理解的“天命”。可以说,陶渊明辞官归田,是他执著地追求自己理想的表现。

四、探究艺术特色:

1、学习此辞,你认为本文有什么可供你学习的地方?可以是内容方面,也可以是表达方面。

2、就“淡远”与“闲适”、“疏放”与“旷达”、“拙朴”与“清新”这几组词语,你认为哪些词最适合概括本文风格,说明理由。

探讨理清:“淡远”“疏放”“拙朴”最适合。

本辞语言看似简易,其实是超越了华丽雕饰之后,达到返璞归真、炉火纯青的标志,是艺术造诣高超的表现。

五、分组齐声朗读全文,并要求课后背诵全文。

六、延伸练习:

小论文:《谈陶渊明的辞官归隐与我们的苦读追求》

人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.

人教版高中英语必修4单词

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△landminen. organizationn. △GombeNationalPark behavevt.&vi. behaviour(=behavior) shaden. moveoff worthwhileadj. nestn. bondn. observevt. observationn. childhoodn. outspokenadj. respectvt.&n. arguevt.&vi.

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【学练考】高二语文人教版必修五练习册:2.4 归去来兮辞 并序 (含答案)

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