翻译理论与时间综合考试
学校代码：11910
考生准考证号：
广东外语外贸大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学复试笔试样题
考试专业：语言学与应用语言学
专业方向：翻译理论与实践
考试科目：翻译理论与实践
科目代码：527
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Section I Translate the following into Chinese. (35%)
The 20th century-- the century of metamyths and of megadeaths -- spawned false notions of total control, derived from arrogant assertions of total righteousness. The religious man of pre-modem times, who accepted reality as God-ordained, had given way to the secular fanatic, increasingly inclined to usurp God in the effort to construct heaven on earth, subordinating not only nature but humanity itself to his own utopian vision.
In the course of the century, this vision was perverted into the most costly exercise of political hubris in mankind's history: the totalitarian attempt to create coercive utopias. All of reality -- on the objective level of social organization and on the subjective level of personal beliefs -- was to be subject to doctrinal control emanating from a single political center. The price paid in human lives for this excess is beyond comprehension.
Adding them all up, somewhere between 167 million and 175 million individual human beings were deliberately extinguished through politically motivated carnage -- the scores of millions of soldiers and civilians killed in the century's wars, the further scores of millions killed in concentration camps, gulags, forced collectivization, ethnic transplantings, and killing fields decreed by self-deified dictators.
The tens of millions that were killed because they were perceived, for racial or social reasons, as unworthy of living within the earthly utopia -- and the many millions more that were coerced into living within these systems -- all testify to the hypnotic appeal of the metamyths of Nazism that postulated the end of history and the attainment of perfection within utopias of total control.
The manifest failure of that endeavor has given way in the West to the current antithesis, which is essentially that of minimal control over personal and collective desires, sexual appetites, and social conduct. But inherent in the almost total rejection of any control is the notion that all values are subjective and relative.
In brief, this century has seen mankind move from experimentation with the coercive utopia of totalitarianism to enjoyment of the permissive cornucopia of today's America.
(word count: 347)
Note:
megadeath: [U] a word meaning one million deaths, used when talking about a nuclear war
usurp:v [T]formal to take someone else's power, position, job etc when you do not have the right to hubris:n [U] literary great and unreasonable pride
coerce: v [T] to force someone to do something they do not want to do by threatening them cornucopia: n 1 a decorative container in the shape of an animal's horn, full of fruit and flowers, used to represent plenty 2 a lot of good things
-- From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
II. Translate the following into English. (25%)
气象台想说真话
某年某月某日，气象台预报天气：B市今日晴转阴，气温27℃至32℃。王老与张老两人相约上午在郊外公园赏玩，途中，忽暴雨如注，两老人急忙至凉亭避雨，然步履蹒跚，上下衣裳均被淋湿，脾气暴躁之王老喟然长叹：目前说真话的单位太少，连气象台也不说真话。生性随和的张老云：气象台还是想说真话的单位，只不过有时说不准罢了，我认为想说真话而不能说准的总比睁眼说假话的好。
(word count 181)
III. Comment in English on the translation provided below using any translation theory or theories you are familiar with. (40 % )
ST：
Books
1) Since a particular bookstore happens to resemble a supermarket anyway, the inescapable, though
perhaps unintended, message is that books are consumable items, meant to be devoured and forgotten, like potatoes or pizza.
2) The implied inclusion of books among the world's perishable goods is hardly made more agreeable by
the reflection that increasing numbers of books these days do seem to be written with just such consumption in mind, and that most bookstores have become little more than news stands for hard cover publications of this sort, which are merchandised for a few weeks—sometimes only as long as they remain on the best-seller lists - and are then retired to discount store (those jumbled graveyards of books, so saddening to the hearts of authors) shortly before dropping out of print altogether.
3) Books that are planned for rapid oblivion probably make some kind of economic sense to publishing
houses, but as contribution to literature they amount to a contradiction in terms (word count: 159)
TT：
1）由于某家书店恰好象一个超市，因此虽然也许是无意的，却不可避免地给了我们这样一个信息：书是消费品，如同土豆或意大利馅饼一样，是供人吞食后忘掉的。
2）无形中把书归入了世上易损商品之列，一点不会因为想到目前越来越多的书确实是为了这样的消费目的而写的就令人感到舒心，同样也不会因为想到大多数的书店已经变得徒有虚名，成了不过是出售这类精装书的报亭而令人感到舒心。这类精装书要不到几个星期，有时只要一旦跌出畅销书，就会被抛到打折书店里去（也就是令作家深为痛心的乱七八糟的书坟堆），紧跟着就完全绝了版。
3）准备让人很快忘记的书可能对出版公司有某些经济价值，而要说对文学有贡献，则简直是自相矛盾。
谈等效翻译理论在广告翻译中的运用_张亮平
第21卷湖北师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)V o l.21第4期Journal of H ubei N o r m al U niversity(Ph ilo sophy and Social Science)N o.4,2001 谈等效翻译理论在广告翻译中的运用 张亮平 (武汉铁路卫校,湖北 武汉 430000) 〔摘 要〕 本文阐述了奈达的等效翻译理论的实质,广告的定义与特点以及等效翻译理论在广告翻译中 的运用,揭示了等效原则的有效性与实用性。 〔关键词〕 等效翻译理论;广告翻译;效果 〔中图分类号〕H059 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕100924733(2001)0320049202 美国翻译理论家尤金?奈达的等效翻译理论自问世以来,在国内外翻译界都产生了深远的影响,对长期以来翻译家们相持不下的直译与自由译之争,提供了一个令人信服的答案。直译强调忠实,实际上焦点落在语言形式的对等,忽视了效果,自由译强调美,焦点落在强调译文效果,忽视了对等。而奈达的等效论把焦点放在两种效果之间的对等上,解决了这个本来似乎无法解决的矛盾,以致于德国学者柯勒在1972年就说等效原则势将成为压倒一切的原则。当然也有人在深入研究讨论之后提出了一些不同意见,比如纽马克认为在有些情况下,等效是不可能的。尽管如此,实践却证明了等效论确实解决了因文化差异而存在于翻译实践中的一些具体问题,尤其是对一些特殊文体的翻译提供了一个不可缺少的理论依据。那么,对于广告这一特殊文体,等效翻译理论究竟有没有实际的指导意义呢?下面试作论述。 等效翻译理论是尤金?奈达1964年提出的现代翻译理论,曾给翻译界带来了一场革命,着实解决了跨文化翻译中的一些实际问题。它强调译文对接受者的效果,对接受者的反应,强调效果上的对等。当然,对等从来就是一个相对的概念。语言学家雅各布森(R1Jakob son)论翻译时有一句名言:“差异之中的对等,这是语言的根本问题,也是语言的关键课题”。翻译中需要的对等是一种综合性的关系,不是机械地综合语言学、语义学、语用学等方面的对等,而是依靠艺术的眼光和文化语言素养,全面细微地考虑各方面因素。奈达先生所强调的效果上的对等即等效,就是一种综合性的对等关系。在《翻译科学探索》(1964)一书中,奈达明确地指出:“在动态对等翻译中,译者所关注的并不是原语信息和译语信息的一一对应关系,而是一种动态关系,即接受者和译文信息之间的关系应该与原语接受者和原文信息之间的关系基本相同。”〔In such a tran slati on(dynam ic tran slati on)one is no t so concerned w ith m atch ing the recep to r2language m essage w ith the sou rce language m essage,bu t w ith the dynam ic relati on sh i p,that the relati on sh i p betw een recep to r and m essage shou ld be sub stan tially the sam e as that w h ich ex isted betw een the o riginal recep to rs and the m essage〕.在《翻译理论与实践》一书中,他进一步解释道:“译语中的信息接受者对译文信息的反应应该与原语接受者对原文的反应度基本相同。”〔D ynam ic equ ivalence is therefo re to be defined in ter m s of the degree to w h ich the recep to r of the m essage in the recep to r language respond to it in sub stan tially the sam e m anner as the recep to rs in the sou rce language〕1后来奈达为了避免“动态”这个词引起误会,又将“动态对等” 〔收稿日期〕 2001—05—28 〔作者简介〕 张亮平(1964— ),女,湖北天门人,武汉铁路卫校教师。 ? ? 4 9
英语翻译重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
翻译理论与实践论文
谈严复翻译 翻译，作为一种实践活动，在人类文化的交流中一直在广泛进行着。丰富的翻译活动，有利于我们科学系统地对翻译进行研究，也有利于我们形成独特的中西文化观。严复就是中国近代第一个学贯中西的人，他的翻译对中国近代思想有着深远的影响。 严复曾在福州马尾船厂船政学堂学习了五年，他学习了英文，几何，代数，电磁学，光学等新科学知识，到过新加坡，日本等地考察，后又到英国学习考察政治，经济，法律和社会制度，“了解中西政教，风俗之差异，关心世界大事。”回国后，他翻译了向国人敲起危亡警钟的《天演论》。揭示了自然界和人类社会“物竞天择，适者生存”的客观规律，宣传了进化思想。 下面研究一下严复的翻译思想和特点。在词法和句法结构中，他模仿先秦文体的词法句法结构，桐城派古文的优点，其他文体的积极因素，在此基础上进行创造性转化，创造了独具个人特色的新型文体。在《天演论》的手稿初稿中，他直接引用先秦散文中的句子并标明出处，虽然后来他觉得译作中放入中国古书的名字，中国古人的名字明显不妥，使读者感到彷徨，于是在改稿过程中将正文中出现的中国特色的专有名词尽皆删去，但导言仍保留部分如《导言十三》中的“以其所爱，及其所弗爱”一句系取自《孟子》；《导言十二》中的“诱然
皆生，而不知其所以生；同然皆生，而不知其所以得”系庄子所云，“自营为私”是韩非所言，“人之性恶”出自《荀子》。译文中多用单音节词，双音节词很少。而且他的翻译话语中有很多词类活用的范例。 1. 辨物穷微，明揭天道必不可知说。（《天演论·论六》） 2.不见夫业真者乎？（《原富》） 微是形容词，在句1中活用为动词。句2的业本来为名词，但在句中担任动词职务。同时，严复话语中疑问代词宾语前置，否定句中代词宾语前置的例子也不少。如： 何以明之？（《天演论·人群》） 人弗之觉也，觉亦弗之异也。（《天演论·能实》） 其少见的被动句主要采用先秦的“见”字句结构，如： 特在人者，每为气禀所拘。（《天演论·论八》） 而为是幻且虚者之所主。（《天演论·论九》) 若是物特为天下只所厚而择焉以存也者，夫是之谓天择。（《天演论·导言一》） 为了追求群内达旨，他用了很多排偶句： 小之极于跂行倒生，大之放乎日星天地；隐之则神思智识之所以圣狂，显之则政俗文章之所以沿革。（《天演论·导言二·广义》） 人，动物之灵者也，与不灵之禽兽鱼鳖昆虫对；动物者，生类之有知觉运动者也，与无知觉之指植物对；生类者，有质之物而具支体官理者也，与无支体官理之金石对。（《天演论·导言三·趋异》） 严复的翻译使用最多的策略当推意译，为了启发民智，在翻译过程中
2019年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(3)
2019年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(3) Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals. Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different： they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture! This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.
翻译理论知识
《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲 一、翻译定义： 1. 张培基——翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 3. 刘宓庆——翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。 4. 王克非——翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 5. 泰特勒——好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。 6. 费道罗夫——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。 7. 卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说：把一种语言（Source Language）中的篇章材料用另一种语言（Target Language）中的篇章材料来加以代替。 8.奈达——翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物，首先就意义而言，其次就是文体而言。 “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”---Eugene Nida 纽马克——通常（虽然不能说总是如此），翻译就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字（语言）。“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.”--- Peter Newmark 10. “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”--- Dubois 12. 13.Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. 二、翻译标准 1. 翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字：“忠实（faithfulness）、通顺（smoothness）”。忠实指的是忠实于原文。通顺指的是译文的语言必须合乎规范、通俗易懂。 2. 严复对翻译曾经提出“信（faithfulness）、达（expressiveness）、雅（elegance）”的标准：“译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。” 3.“泰特勒三原则”：（1）That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work；（2）That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original；（3）That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.”（1）译作应完全复写出原作的思想；（2）译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质；（3）译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。”（谭载喜，2006）泰特勒指出，这三项原则是好的翻译所必备的条件，它们次序的排列是恰当的、自然的，是按重要顺序排列的，如果在不得已的情况下要牺牲某一个原则就要注意到它们的次第和比较上的重要性，决不能颠倒主次，以牺牲思想内容的忠实来求得译文的优美和流畅。
语用学理论在翻译中的应用
万方数据
语用学理论在翻译中的应用 作者：王燕 作者单位：山西财经大学,山西太原,030006 刊名： 大众商务(下半月) 英文刊名：POPULAR BUSINESS 年，卷(期)：2010(7) 参考文献(4条) 1.Sarcevic,S New Approaches to Leagal Translation 1997 2.何自然语用学与英语学习 1997 3.何自然语用学讲稿 2003 4.何自然Pragmatics and CE/EC translation 1992(01) 本文读者也读过(10条) 1.刘俊冰从语用学的视角研究翻译[期刊论文]-剑南文学2010(6) 2.秦毅.QIN Yi语用学理论之于翻译等值[期刊论文]-内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)2011,37(1) 3.容曙翻译中语用学理论的应用[期刊论文]-广西民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版）2002(z1) 4.郭光霞浅谈语用学在翻译中的应用[期刊论文]-青年与社会·中外教育研究2010(9) 5.马骁骁.庞亚飞.MA Xiao-xiao.PANG Ya-fei从语用学理论探讨翻译的本质[期刊论文]-山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）2006,29(5) 6.曹宏伟.CAO Hong-wei翻译中应遵循的语用学原理[期刊论文]-河南城建学院学报2009,18(3) 7.薛雁.戴炜华语用视野下的翻译[期刊论文]-外语与外语教学2003(11) 8.任丽丽浅谈语用学理论在翻译中的应用[期刊论文]-科技信息2011(12) 9.赵艳丽语用学框架下的语境分析对翻译准确性的影响[期刊论文]-河南职工医学院学报2010,22(3) 10.盛婧从语用学角度看等效翻译[期刊论文]-科教文汇2008(27) 本文链接：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a616142280.html,/Periodical_dzsw-tzb201007174.aspx
2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结
1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41．She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday． 她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了。 45．He used tO play basketball every Sunday．他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41．Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42．I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感 43．He got on well with his classmates． 他和同学关系处得很好 44．He used tO work very hard when he was youn9． 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45．My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying my own flat．我现在跟家人住在一起，但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41．He got on well with his sister． 他和他的姐／妹相处得很好 44．That box is too heavy for her to carry home．那个盒子太重了，她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗？ 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票，她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了，我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.
《翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲
《翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 课程类型：专业课课程代码：06401405 课程学时：56 学分： 3 适用专业：英语专业(师范、商务方向) 开课时间：三、四年级（2）、（1）学期开课单位：外国语学院 大纲执笔人：金惠康大纲审定人： 翻译理论与实践（Theory and Practice for Translation）课程是英语专业的必修课之一。它包括翻译理论与实践，有英语翻译成汉语与汉语翻译成汉语，现代翻译理论与技巧，翻译的跨文化交际与障碍。 一、教学目的与要求(从知识、能力、素质三个侧面及其相互的联系和在综合技能培养中的作用，说明本课程的教学目的和要求；说明本课程在对学生知识、能力、技能和素质等方面的教育培养的具体要求。) 1．教学目的：翻译理论是翻译实践的指南。开设这门课的目的是系统地传授翻译基本理论，结合翻译实践训练、翻译方法和技巧，从而大大提高研究生的翻译能力。 2．教学要求：学生通过72学时的学习，能够了解国内外翻译研究动态，掌握翻译学的理论系统，并能熟练地运用各种翻译方法和技巧，为他们走向成功打下坚实的基础。 二、教学重点与难点 1. 教学重点：翻译理论；英译与汉译语基本实践 2. 教学难点：翻译的基本技能技巧；翻译实践能力的培养 三、教学方法与手段 以讲授为主，课堂讨论，读辅导材料，写学习心得，参与翻译实践，注重理论联系实际。 四、教学内容、目标与学时分配(教学内容/教学目标/课时分配) 本课程两学期，36课时/36课时，专题讨论1-3次，计9课时，考试2课时。 第一学期： 第一章汉字英词（Chinese Characters & English Words） 第二章汉英表达的不同（Different Ways of Expressing Ideas） 第三章汉文明礼貌语言（Chinese Language of Respect & Humanity） 第四章中国文化（Chinese Culture） 第五章有中国文化特色的社会架构（Chinese Social System with Chinese Cultural Characteristics）第六章现代说法反映现代社会（Modern Sayings Reflect Modern Life） 第七章语言，文化与社会（Language，Culture & Society） 第八章跨文化交际（Cross-Cultural Communication） 第九章语言与翻译（Language & Translation） 第十章翻译技巧杂谈（一）（On Skills of Translation）（1） 第十一章翻译技巧杂谈（二）（On Skills of Translation）（2） 专题讨论一：翻译理论与翻译实践的关系 专题讨论二：岭南文化翻译讨论 第二学期： 第一章跨文化传播与交际（Intercultural Communications） 第二章跨文化差异与融合（Intercultural Difference and Integration） 第三章跨文化理解与翻译（Intercultural Understanding and Translation）
2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案
2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】
专业英语参考书目
2017年上海外国语大学语言学考研参考书目 1.戴炜栋何兆熊（主编）《新编简明英语语言学教程》上海外语教育出版社，2002年版； 2.胡壮麟（主编）《语言学教程》second edition, 北京大学出版社，2001年版； 3.George Yule 1996/2000 The Study of Language (second edition), Cambridge University 4.Press/Foreign Language Research &Teaching Press.2017年上海外国语大学英美文学方向考研参考书目 一、美国文学 1.吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of American Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社； 2.Peter B. High, An Outline of American Literature, London andNew York: Longman, 1988。 二、英国文学： 吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of English Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988。 2017年上海外国语大学比较文学考研参考书目 1.Wellek, René& Austin Warren. Theory of Literature. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977; 2.陈惇、刘象愚主编：《比较文学概论》（第2版），北京：北京师范大学出版社，2010年； 3.吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of American Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社； 4.吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of English Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988年； 5.郑克鲁主编：《外国文学史》（上、下，修订版），北京：高等教育出版社，2006年； 6.石观海编：《中国文学简史》，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007年； 7.杨剑龙、钱虹编：《中国现当代文学简史》，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2006 年。2017年上海外国语大学教学法考研参考书目 1.K. Johnson：An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001年版； 2.David Nunan（主编）：Practical English Language Teaching（体验英语教学）北京：高等教育出版社，2004年版； 3.Jack C. Richards：The Language Teaching Matrix （语言教学矩阵）外语教学法丛书之十九，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002 年版。2017年上海外国语大学翻译学（笔译）考研参考书目 1.[英]杰里米·芒迪：《翻译学导论——理论与实践》.北京：商务印书馆，2007年版； 2.Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber：《翻译理论与实践》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004年版； 3.冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》（增订本）.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002年版。 2017年上海外国语大学跨文化交际考研参考书目
(完整版)2019英语六级翻译重点词汇
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