2018年北京中考英语试卷分析

2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试

英语试卷

姓名：__________ 准考证号:________________考场号:______座位号:_____

考生须知

1.本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分，考试时间90分钟。

2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。

3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。

4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹铅字笔作答。

5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。

知识运用（共14分）

(2018·北京中考）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）

从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.(2018·北京中考）My brother and I like football. _______ play it together once a week.

A.I

B. They

C. We

D. You

C【解析】考查人称代词辨析。空处代指My brother and I两人，所以用人称代词we。故选C。

2.(2018·北京中考）Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift ______ you.

A.for

B. in

C.with

D.from

A【解析】考查介词辨析。根据句意判断：Peter，生日快乐！这是送你的一份礼物。表示“为了；给”用介词for。故选A。

3.(2018·北京中考）—______ do you usually go to school, Mary?

—By bike.

A.When

B. How

C. Where

D. Why

B【解析】考查疑问副词辨析。答语表示方式，提问用副词How。故选B。

4.(2018·北京中考）Many people like pandas ______ they are cute.

A.though

B. if

C. while

D. because

D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们可爱。表示原因用连词because。故选D。

5.(2018·北京中考）I ______ go now, or I’ll miss my train.

A.can

B. might

C. must

D. Could

C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。can能；可以；might可能；must必须；一定；could会；可能；可以。根据句意判断：我现在必须走了，否则我会赶不上火车了。故选C。

6.(2018·北京中考）Tony is ______ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.

A.young

B. younger

C. youngest

D. the youngest

D【解析】考查形容词比较等级辨析。根据of the three boys判断，三者以上比较用最高级；最高级形式前用定冠词the。故选D。

7.(2018·北京中考）Bill likes reading. He ______ picture books with his dad every evening.

A.read

B. reads

C. is reading

D. has read

B【解析】考查动词时态。根据every evening判断句中使用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，所以动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

8.(2018·北京中考）—Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?

—I ______ a movie in the cinema with my friends.

A.was watching

B.watch

C. have watched

D. will watch

A【解析】考查动词时态。根据问句中的时间“at nine last night”判断句中动作表示过去时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。故选A。

(2018·北京中考）

9.(2018·北京中考）David is a tennis player. He ______ to play tennis when he was six years old.

A.begins

B. will begin

C. began

D. has begun

C【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句when he was six years old判断主句时态使用过去时。故选C。

10.(2018·北京中考）—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?

—Yes, he is. He ______ history for nearly 20 years.

A.teaches

B. has taught

C. is teaching

D. will teach

B【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语for nearly 20 years判断句中使用现在完成时。故选B。

11.(2018·北京中考）A new international airport ______ in the city next year.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a65645696.html,pletes

B. is completed

C. will complete

D. will be completed

D【解析】考查被动语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成动宾关系，应该使用被动语态；根据句中时间状语next year判断使用一般将来时。故选D。

12.(2018·北京中考）—Alice, could you tell me ______ London?

—Sure. Last Sunday.

A.when Mr. Smith left

B.when Mr. Smith will leave

B.when did Mr. Smith leave D. when will Mr. Smith leave

A【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除C、D两项；根据答语时间last Sunday 判断使用一般过去时。故选A。

二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分）(2018·北京中考）

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

(2018·北京中考）Real Solutions(解决方法) to Problems Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.

One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.

The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn’t blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).

Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room. here and there.

The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on. All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the the right one. The second level of the game was over.

Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes. all balloons 20 the hands of the

respective engineers.

The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.

13. A. game B. show C. concert D. party

14. A. purposes B. suggestions C. thoughts D. plans

15. A. quietly B.carefully C. secretly D. clearly

16. A. honest B. ready C. patient D. successful

17. A. checked B. helped C. ruled D. cheated

18. A. collected B. weighed C. tied D. cleaned

19. A. mark B. hide C. number D. find

20. A. freed B. reached C. lifted D. hit

13.A【解析】考查前后文理解。根据第四段第一句句意“那些没能在气球上写上名字的工程师被排除出了游戏。”可知，这些工程师被召集在一个大厅里做游戏。故选A。

14.C【解析】考查名词辨析。purpose目的；suggestion建议；thought想法；plan计划。句意：他们都很惊讶，带着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选C。

15.B【解析】考查副词辨析。quietly安静地；carefully仔细地；认真地；secretly秘密地；clearly 清晰地。句意：然后他们被要求不把气球弄爆的情况下在各自的气球上小心地写上各自的名字。故选B。

16.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。honest诚实的；ready准备好的；patient耐心的；successful 成功的。根据下句句意“五个气球因为压力（过大）爆了”推断此句表示并非每个人都成功了。故选D。

17.C【解析】考查动词短语。check out检查；help out帮助解决；rule out排除；取消；clean out清扫。句意：那些没能在气球上标注姓名的工程师被取消（参加下面的）游戏。故选C。

18.A【解析】考查动词辨析。collect收集；weigh称重；tie捆绑；clean清理。句意：所有带名字的气球被收集起来胡乱地放在了一个房间内。故选A。

19.D【解析】考查动词辨析。mark标记；hide掩藏；number计数；find发现。句意：将近十五分钟过去了，依然没有人能找到自己的气球。故选D。

20.B【解析】考查动词短语。reach the hands拿到手。故选B。

阅读理解（共36分）

三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(2018·北京中考）（共26分，每小题2分）

Roger: Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and Alan. my cousin, came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift. We had a party. We played games. sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week? Jessica: Yes. My class were on a school field trip last week. First, we went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there! Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.

Sara:Well. I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议) on charity(慈善) last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at

the conference about the charity work that he has done in the past few years.

Martin: It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(乐队) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday, we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. It was really cool!

21.When did Roger have his birthday party?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a65645696.html,st Wednesday.

B.B. Last Thursday.

C. Last Friday.

D. Last Saturday.

22.Who went on a school field trip last week?

A.Alan.

B.B.Jessica.

C. Sara.

D. Richard

23.Martin went to Atlanta to ______.

A.speak at a conference

B. organize a party

C. perform in a competition

D. visit a university

【主旨大意】本文通过四位同学对上周活动的描述向我们展示了他们多彩的生活。Roger上周六过15岁生日；Jessica上周参加了学校组织的野外旅行；Sara上周三参加了一场慈善会议；Martin所在的学校乐队上周四参加了一场比赛并获奖；周五去了水族馆。

21.D 【解析】细节考查题。根据Roger所说“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday”可知，他的生日派对是在上周六。故选D。

22.B 【解析】细节考查题。根据第二段Jessica所说“My class were on a school field trip last week”可知，参加学校野外旅行的是Jessica。故选B。

23.C 【解析】细节考查题。根据Martin所说“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition”可知，乐队去Atlanta是参加比赛。故选C。

(2018·北京中考）B

A Beautiful Moment

When I was in high school, I worked part time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French). “They’re good!”I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it.

Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together. I was sure she was blind.

Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.

Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.

It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn’t tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.

24.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy ____.

A.fruits

B. vegetables

C. candies

D. toys

25.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn’t _____.

A.speak

B. see

C. smell

D. hear

26.The writer was moved because _______.

A.the mother was brave to face her problems

B. the kids were polite and kind to each other

C. the mother was careful in picking out things

D. the kids were so willing to help their mother

24. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“They were looking the fruits in front of me”判断这位女士和她的孩子要买水果。故选A。

25. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“… I was sure she was blind（我相信她是盲人）”推断可知她看不见。故选B。

26. D 【解析】综合推断题。综合第四段内容可知，作者深受两个孩子的感动是因为他们在如此年龄就自愿帮助母亲干活，而不是像同龄人一样去挑选糖果玩具。故选D。

(2018·北京中考）C

Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and gray matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function(认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.

The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded-using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MR). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers.

“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.”says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”

The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white

and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.

Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.

Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery. creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.

Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.

Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other population, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.

27.The second paragraph is mainly about______.

A.how the study was performed

B. what was recorded in the study

C. how long the study lasted

D. who took part in the study

28.The word “prompt”in Paragraph 6 probably means “______”.

A.control

B. encourage

C. balance

D. change

29.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.

B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.

C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.

D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.

罗那全球健康研究所通过调查在校学生发现，在生活中多接触绿色空间，对学生的认知功能有积极影响，并且增强工作记忆，减轻注意力不集中。

27. A段落主旨归纳题。第二段主要介绍了本次调查研究是如何进行的，因此选A。

28. B词义猜测题。Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery. creativity and risk taking. 相应地，绿色空间被认为能在发现力、创造力和冒险中促进重要的锻炼。prompt是促进，鼓舞的意思。control是控制，encourage 是鼓励balance是平衡change是改变，只有encourage的感情色彩是正面的，因此选B。

29. D综合推断题。本文主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的影响，文章分别从第三

段、第四段、第五段、第六段以及第七段论证该观点。D项“居住在绿化更好的

社区有助于孩子们大脑的发育”符合文意，故选D。

(2018·北京中考）D

We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is

when everything gets worst.

When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.

The only tune most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.

Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s for our own good.

Happy people don’t just accept change, they embrace(拥抱) it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.

Jane always tells everyone that she doesn’t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come. she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!

Self-improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.

30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that _____.

A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain

B. we are responsible for the problems we meet

C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way

D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs

31.What is the key to solving Jane’s problem?

A.She needs to remember why she started.

B. She has to know how to get on with people.

C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.

D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.

32.The writer probably agrees that ______.

A.the world tells us how to improve ourselves

B. people change when they find it easy to do that

C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better

D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler

33.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Is it important to take things light?

B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?

C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?

D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?

力。不管喜欢或讨厌，改变总会发生。乐观的人不仅接受改变，而且拥抱它。而Jane 总是说她没有勇气出现在人群面前，把她自己锁在屋子里。只有当我们享受释放出我们自我完善能力的过程，我们将会认识到我们开始不在乎事情，并变得开心。

30 . A理解判断题。由第二段的三个问题“当我们的衬衫和牛仔裤不适合我们，我们才会意识到我们需要改变饮食。当我们的牙齿都掉光了，才会停止吃糖和巧克力。肺变坏了，才会意识到停止吸烟。”这三个痛苦的事情，使我们获得教训。故选A。

31 . C 细节理解题。由“Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it! Jane 不仅相信她的故事，而且生活在其中。”可确定答案C。

32 . C 推理判断题。由“only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy. ”可确定答案C。

33 . D主旨大意题。由“Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. ”。故选D。

(2018·北京中考）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题（共10分，每小题2分）When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework. you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?

In the A, B, C, D and F grading system. the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. The word “fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing”or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.

Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.

The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale:

A:95-100%(excellent) B:85-94%(good) C:76-84%(fair)

D:75%(barely passed) E:below 75%(failed)

We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.

Gradually, the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, nay schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this. but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.

Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.

Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning. However. as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.

34.What does an F stand for in the A, B, C, D and F grading system?

35.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college?

36.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?

37.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?

用“E”的原因是因为避免一部分家长理解为“优秀”，有的学校使用“U”或“I”。1897年曼荷莲学院第一次启用这套系统。我们用字母表示成绩，是因为他们简单、明显并且表达清晰。当然在使用过程中也有争议，有人认为等级不能反映学生的成绩，但是随着老师对于评价方法的改进，家长们逐渐熟悉并接受等级成绩，而等级成绩短期内也不会消失。

34.It stands for “fail”. 细节理解题。第二段第二句An F in this system simply stands for “fail”.

35. In 1897. 细节理解题。第四自然段。In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale。

36. Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. 细节理解题。倒数第三段but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.

37. They thought this new letter reading system was an easy fair and clear way to grade students. 细节理解题。倒数第二段最后一句Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.

38. Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand. 细节理解题。最后一段They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand.

书面表达（共10分）

五、文段表达（10分）(2018·北京中考）

39.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作，文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①

假如你是李华，你们学校将要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter 参加。请用英语写一封电子邮件。告诉他讲座的时间和地点，以及需要做什么准备。

提示词语：lecture(讲座), invite, information, question, online

提示问题: When and where will you have the lecture?

What do you advise Peter to prepare for it?

Dear Peter.

How is it going?

There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.____________________________________

If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.

Yours.

Li Hua

题目②

“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节约，杜绝浪费。

某英文网站正在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以及这样做的意义。

提示词语：thrifty(节约的), save, turn off, food, money, virtue(美德)

提示问题：What do you do in your daily life?

Why do you do so?

It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty.____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

37.They thought this new letter grading system was as easy, fair and clear way to grade students.

38.Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.

五、文段表达

题目1

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school. The Peking Opera will start at 10:00 this Friday morning in the school hall. I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture. In the lecture, we can not only get some useful information about the Peking Opera, but also get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.

There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all, remember to be there on time. What’s more don’t forget to bring a camera with you, which can record the precious moment. Last but not least, it’s golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.

If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

题目2

It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation. It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.

First of all, I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house. Besides, never have I wasted any food. What’s more. I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.

The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life. As the old saying goes. “Waste not, want not.”I make up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible, I think everyone should take actions to stick to this virtue.

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