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人教版初中英语构词法七年级全册

人教版初中英语构词法七年级全册
人教版初中英语构词法七年级全册

人教版初中英语构词法七年级上

英语构词法研究英语单词的构成特点和规律,主要有合成法、派生法、转化法等构词手法,在中学英语学习中认识这些构词法,对英语单词的理解和记忆都有很大的帮助,尤其是能够增强英语学习者在语篇阅读过程中猜测词义的能力。

一、合成法

即将两个或多个有独立词义的单词组合在一起,产生新词表达新义的构成手段。

after + noon = afternoon (下午);

base + ball = baseball (棒球);

basket + ball = basketball (篮球);

be + cause = because (因为);

birth + day =birthday (生日);

book + case = bookcase (书柜);

break +fast =breakfast (早餐);

ham + burger =hamburger (汉堡);

class+mate=classmate (同学);

class + room =classroom (教室);

every + where =everywhere (到处);

grand + father = grandfather / grandpa (祖父);

grand + mother = grandmother/grandma (祖母);

grand + parent = grandparent (祖父母);

ice + cream = ice-cream (冰淇淋);

note + book = notebook (笔记本);

volley + ball =volleyball (排球);

二、派生法

即在词根的基础上添加前缀或后缀,从而产生新词新义的构词手段。

bore +ing =boring (adj.令人厌倦的);

health + y =healthy (adj. 健康的);

interest + ing = interesting (adj. 有趣的);

play +er = player (n. 播放机);

real + ly =really (adv. 真正地);

relax + ing =relaxing (adj. 令人放松的);

tele + phone = telephone (n.电话);

use + ful =useful (有用的);

三、转化法

即同一个词形,用作不同的词性,表达不同的词义,起不同的功能的构词手段。

about prep. 关于;adv.大约;

black adj. & n. 黑色(的);

blue adj.&n. 蓝色(的);

brown adj.&n. 棕褐色(的);

Chinese n.&adj. 汉语(的);

e-mail n.&v. (发)电子邮件;

English n.&adj. 英语(的);

green adj.&n. 绿色;

help v.&n. 帮助;

love v.&n. (喜)爱;

purple adj.&n. 紫色;

watch n.&v. 手表,观看;

white adj.&n. 白色(的);

yellow adj.&n. 黄色(的);

四、其他

e-mail 电邮;

T-shirt T恤衫;

TV 电视;

人教版初中英语构词法七年级下一、合成法

any + thing = anything (pron. 任何东西);

butter + fly = butterfly (n. 蝴蝶);

country +side =countryside (n. 乡村);

every + thing =everything (pron. 一切);

hall + way = hallway (n. 走廊,过道);

hand + some = handsome (adj. 英俊的);

kilo + meter = kilometer (n. 千米,公里);

neighbor + hood = neighborhood (n. 街坊);

news + paper =newspaper (n. 报纸);

out + side = outside (adj. & adv. 外面的);

pan +cake = pancake (n. 烙饼,薄饼);

rope + way = ropeway (n. 索道);

sun +shine = sunshine (n. 阳光);

super + market =supermarket (n. 超市);

week +end = weekend (n. 周末);

二、派生法

act +or =actor (n.男演员);

act + ress = actress (n. 女演员);

art + ist = artist (n. 艺术家);

beauty + ful =beautiful (adj. 美丽的);

cloud + y = cloudy (adj. 多云的);

cross + ing = crossing (n. 十字路口);

different + ly = differently (adv. 不同地);

dirt + y = dirty (adj. 脏的);

easy + ly = easily (adv. 容易地);

en + joy = enjoy (v. 喜爱,享受);

excite + ing = exciting (adj. 令人激动的);

expense +ive = expensive (adj. 昂贵的);farm + er = farmer (n. 农民,农场主);friend +ly = friendly (adj. 友好的);

fun + y = funny (adj. 滑稽好笑的,奇怪的);high + t = height (n. 高度,身高);

home + work = homework (n. 家庭作业);interest +ed = interested (adj. 感兴趣的);love +ly =lovely (adj. 可爱的);

luck + y = lucky (adj. 幸运的);

lucky +ly =luckily (adj. 幸运地);

music + ian = musician (n. 音乐家);

nature + al = natural (adj. 自然的);

noise + y = noisy (adj. 吵闹的);

paint + ing = painting (n. 油画);

quick + ly = quickly (adv. 很快地);

rain + y = rainy (adj. 阴雨的,多雨的);scare + ed = scared (adj. 惊慌的);

scare + y = scary (adj. 恐怖的,吓人的);sing + er = singer (n. 歌手);

snow +y =snowy (adj. 下雪的);

sub + way = subway (n. 地铁);

sun + y = sunny (adj. 晴朗的);

teach + er =teacher (n. 教师);

to + day =today (adv. 在今天);

to + night = tonight (adv. 在今夜);

usual + ly = usually (adv. 通常地);

village + er =villager (n. 村民);

visit + or = visitor (n. 访问者,游客);

wind + y = windy (adj. 多风的);

三、转化法

across prep. & adv. 穿过;

American adj. & n. 美国/洲(的);

south n. &adj. 南方(的);

baby adj.&n. 幼小的,婴儿;

each adj.&pron. 每个;

special n. &adj. 特色菜,特别的;

fast adj. &adv. 快的/地;

half n.&pron 一半;

worry n. & v. 担忧,担心;

hard adj. &adv. 困难的,努力地;

high adj. &adv. 高的/地;

work n. &v. 工作;

home n. &adv. 家,到/在家;

left adv. &n. (向)左边;

study n. &v. 学习,研究;

like v. &prep. 喜欢,像;

north n. &adj. 北方(的);

taste n. & v. 味道,品尝;

outside adj.&adv. 外面的,在外面;

past adj. &prep. 过去的,过(时间);

right n. & adv. (向)右边;

Russian n. &adj. 俄语,俄罗斯的;

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