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2014中考英语名词冠词代词数词知识点综合复习(含配套练习及答案)

2014中考英语名词冠词代词数词知识点综合复习(含配套练习及答案)
2014中考英语名词冠词代词数词知识点综合复习(含配套练习及答案)

中考名词冠词代词数词复习

教学目标:中考名词冠词代词数词综合复习。

教学内容:

一、名词

I. 名词的种类:

II. 名词的数:

1. 规则名词的复数形式:

名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

2. 不规则名词复数:

III. 名词的所有格:

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s所有格的构成:

2. ’s所有格的用法:

3. of所有格的用法:

用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed

【名词易错考题分析】

1. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.

A. Peter and Ann’s

B. Peter’s and Ann’s

C. Peter’s and Ann

D. Peter and Ann

【解析】此题容易误选A或C。错误的原因是由于受思维定势的影响。平时考生们做多了“This is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom. ”这样的题,那么一看到这样的题就想到只是在后面一个单词后面用所有格。其实,到底用一个所有格,还是用两个所有格,取决于它们所修饰的名词:如果所修饰的名词是单数可数名词,就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格;如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词,就两个名词都用所有格。答案为B。

2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.

A. of

B. /

C. most

D. more

【解析】此题容易误选A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名词”这一思维定势的影响,一看到a lot,就选择了A。其实,该句中的a lot是用来修饰形容词的比较级more的,than引导的是比较状语从句。答案为D。

3. “Excuse me, are you _______? ”“No, we are _______. ”

A. American, Englishman

B. American, Germans

C. American, Germen

D. Englishman, Americans

【解析】先从词性来看,American 和German 既可以用作名词也可以用作形容词,用作名词时,其复数形式分别为Americans 和Germans;选项中的Englishman只能用作名词,其复数形式是Englishmen。先看第一空:如果单从Excuse me, are you _______?来看,要是填Englishman,就应该在其前加不定冠词,即说成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是,根据答语中的we are…可知,问句中的you 其实是指“你”,而是指“你们”,所以如果用Englishman,就应换成Englishmen 才对。由此可排除选项D。再看第二空:由于German的复数是Germans,不是Germen,由此可确定C错误;再根据we are…

可知,其后若用名词Englishman,必须要用复数Englishmen,而不能是单数,所以排除A。所以此题答案为B。

4. Come on, kids. Help yourselves to some_________ if you like.

A. fish and chicken

B. fishes and chicken

C. fish and chickens

D. fishes and chickens

[答案]A。[解析]fish(鱼肉)和chicken(鸡肉)都是不可数名词。

5. She is not young because she has .

A. a little white hair

B. a few white hairs

C. little white hair

D. few white hairs

[答案]B。[解析]有一些词如hair(头发),fruit(水果),通常是用它们的单数形式来表示总称; 但表示“几根头发” “若干种水果”时,则要用复数形式,如:a few white hairs几根白发several foreign fruits几种外国水果

6. —Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well.—Well, I'd like to try those blue__________. A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair

[答案]A。[解析]pants要用a pair of来修饰,由those blue确定其后接pairs的复数形式,故选A。

7. ―How's Joy's skirt?―Her skirt is more beautiful than .

A. her sister's and Kate

B. her sister and Kate

C. her sister and Kate's

D. her sister's and Kate's

[答案] D。[解析]当某物为几个人所共有时,只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式;如表示两者或两者以上分别所有,应在每个名词后用所有格形式。

8. —Come and see me in .—With pleasure.That’s what I'm expecting.

A.two or three days' B.two or three day's time C.two or three days' time

答案:C解析:in后接一段时间,此处表示“两三天的时间”,要用名词所有格形式,因two or three days是复数,直接加“”’,故选C。

二、冠词

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法:

II. 定冠词的用法:

III. 零冠词的用法:

【冠词易错考题分析】

1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.

A. /

B. the

C. a

D. an

【解析】此题容易误选B。这是由于思维定势引起的,很多同学认为这里的second是序数词,前面应该用定冠词the修饰。其实,second是“秒”的意思。正确答案为C。

2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.

A. /; the

B. The ; the

C. /; /

D. /; a

【解析】此题容易误选D。这是由于受汉语思维的影响造成的,因为译成汉语时这句话的意思是“印度和中国在同一个大洲”,汉语里说“同一个”,在英语中要说“the same”,这就是此题的陷阱所在。正确答案为A。

3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. 不填,不填

D. a, 不填

【解析】选A,其中的failure 在此指“失败的人”,为可数名词。

4. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.

A. 不填, 不填

B. the, a

C. 不填, the

D. the, 不填

【解析】选B。the young 意为“年轻人”,定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物;第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic。

5. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.

A. the; 不填

B.不填; 不填

C. the; the

D.不填;the

【解析】选A。介词by表示“以…计”时,若后接单数可数名词,其前要用定冠词,如:by the week 按周,按星期/ by the ton 按吨/ by the yard 按码/ by the meter 按米;若后接抽象名词,则通常不用冠词,如:by volume 按体积/ by weight 按重量。

6. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat? —Sorry, I didn’t. Are they missing?

A. a; 不填

B. the; 不填

C. the; the

D. a; the

【解析】选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词,它表明是两只猫而不是一只猫,所以C。the black and the white cat 可视为the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A,则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。

三.代词:

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

II. 不定代词用法注意点:

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no:

no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

【代词易错考题分析】

1. I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.

A. knock, he

B. knocking, he

C. knock, it

D. knocking, it

【解析】此题容易误选A或B。这是由于汉语思维的影响引起的。大家都知道hear sb. do sth. 意为“听见某人做某事”,hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听见某人正在做某事”,这样一来很多人就会选择A或B,因为后面“去看看他是谁”从汉语的角度来看是没有错的。其实,在英语中常常用it来指代身份(姓名、职业等)不详的人。有人敲门时我们常常用英语问“Who is it?”正确答案为D。

2. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.

A. all are

B. are all

C. both are

D. are both

【解析】此题容易误选A或C。这里受到汉语思维的影响引起的,译成汉语正好是“我们都在一班”。表示两者都要用both,both一般放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。正确答案为D。

3. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?

A. no, some

B. not, some

C. not any, any

D. not an, any

【解析】此题容易误选C或D。这是由于死记语法条文引起的。因为大家都知道some一般用于肯定句中,而any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,这样一来A和B首先就给排除了。其实,在表示请求或建议的疑问句,如Would you like…? / What would you like…? / Could you/ I …? / What about…? / How about…? / Would/ will you please…?等等疑问句中习惯上要用some而不用any。又因为no可以直接修饰名词,而not必须加上a/an或any之后才可以接名词。因此正确答案为A。

4. —A latest English newspaper, please! —Only one copy left. Would you like to have _______, sir?

A. one

B. this

C. that

D. it

【解析】此题容易误选A。这是由于忽略语境和思维定势造成的。这里是在询问是否有报纸卖,很多同学认为这里最后一句话的意思是“先生,你是否想要一份”。其实,由上文中的Only one copy left. 可知,只剩下一份报纸了,这暗示了购买者别无选择,只能买“它”了。正确答案为D。

四、数词

(1) 基变序,有规律:123,特殊记,其它个位加上th,八少t,九去e,ve要f替; 整十y要变i,再加上eth。

(2) 基数+ hundred/thousand/million/billion +名词eg. two hundred people

无具体数+ hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of +名词几百/千/百万/十亿eg. Hundreds of students are there.

(3) 分数读法:先读分子用基数,再读分母用序数,分子大于一,分母用复数。

如:three sixths= 3/6;three and three is six;3+3=6;one and a half=1/2;a quarter=1/4;

three quarters / three fourths = 3/4;数词%=数词percent(per cent)

(4) 时间读法:基数+ o’clock读整点;半小时内(含):基数分钟+past+点钟数或half past +点数,超过半小时:(60-分钟)+ to + (点+1)

(5) 年月日的读法:月日,年=“基数月序数日,基数年”

(6) in the + “整十数”的复数“在…年代”,in one’s +“整十数”的复数“在…岁时”

(7) 数词+计量单位(大于一用复数) +形容词eg. She is 1.6 meters tall.

【数词易错题填空】

5/9 一个半小时(两种表示方法) ;

19/100(两种表示方法) ; 2.5公斤重

1905年8月21日在他20岁的生日

在20世纪在20世纪80年代

名词、数词、冠词

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名词、代词、冠词、数词综合练习题

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