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考研英语阅读-了解文章的5种结构

考研英语阅读-了解文章的5种结构

考研英语阅读:了解文章的5 种结构长按下面二维码即可获取考研报名入口

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每篇文章都有其特定的结构,了解了文章结构,对于把握文章主旨,拆分句子,研读文章有很大帮助,一般来说文章有五种结构模式:层层递进、一枝独秀、花开两朵、解释型、解决方案型,下面我们一一来讲解下,大家注意了解。

(一)层层递进型

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运 转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平 行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在 那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

2019年高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题

Integrity Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny(命运) of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society. On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society. However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue(追求) integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it c ould be. Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society. 70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage? A. B. C. D. CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion 参考答案:A

考研英语阅读六大题型

1.主旨题 (考察理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力) ?识别:题干中出现:subject,summary,topic,title等表达方式的为主题句?实质:对论点和论题提问 ?解题方法: 寻找主题句,主题句通常出现在文章首段首句,或出现在文章开头的转折处或文章开头结束处 主题句特征:主体句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或者判断 寻找主题词:主题句首段末段或全文中多次出现 解题原则:正确选项不能描述太细节,不能包含无依据的信息,应该包含主题词或同义替换词 优先考虑议论文的标题 2.例子证明题(主要考察区分论点和论据的能力) ?识别:题干中出现example,case,illustrate等词 ?解题思路:例子为观点和结论服务,寻找到例子对应观点和结论,通常往上或往下寻找 ?错误选项特征:就事论事,自我总结 ? 3.推理题 ?识别:题干中出现infer,learn,conclude等词 ?分类 a.细节性的推理题(题干中包含具体的定位信息) 理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力 b.段落性的推理题(题干中包含具体段落) 理解文中单句之间,段落之间关系的能力,进行有关的判断,推断和引申的能力 c.全文性的推理题(题干中包含主体词或无定位信息) 理解文章总体结构的能力 ?常考出题点:段落首末段,主题句,观点句,转折处,强调或递进关系的地方

?实质和解题原则:考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写,推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结 解题原则重在推理原文依据,特别关注转折,选择答案方面,主体大于细节,观点大于论据(意思就是选择原文中对应的总结性句子,而不是论据) 4.细节题:题干中不包含提起题型特征的题为细节题 (考察理解稳重的具体信息和概念性的能力,理解文章的总体解雇以及单句之间,段落之间的关系能力) ?事实识别:问题中出现文章相关的具体信息,可以用相对明显的本文词汇定位 ?因果关系:问题中除了有相对具体的定位信息词外,还有表示因果关系的词汇,要重点把握 ?观点识别:与观点结论有关,通常有suggest,found等引导的宾语从句 ?which题型:问题中没有具体的定位词只出现which提问 解题思路: a.识别题型 b.定位:寻找题干定位词(具体的定位词,因果词,观点词,比较词,原文词汇的替换词)与包含定位词的句子 c.读取: ?分析线索句主干与其他各项的对比(表达方式不同,意思最为接近的为正确选项) ?必要时需要分析线索句的上一句和下一句(支持句) ?当线索句为段落首末段时,支持句为段落的其他句子 d.注意事项:顺序原则(出题顺序和行文顺序基本一致)段落原则(一个段落通常只出现一个细节题,细节题通常不跨段(除非段落间存在指代或明显的逻辑关系) 5.词汇题 (考察上下文推测词义的能力) a.识别:要求对题干中的某个单词,词组或句子的含义进行推测 b.实质:通过上下文确定单词含义 c.解题流程: ?返回原文确定题干位置 ?根据上下文推测含义 ?代入原文,确定答案

2018年高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题(测)(含解析)

专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题 班级姓名学号分数 (测试时间:45分钟) 1. 【黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学2018届高三上学期第五次调研】C The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted. The visual illusions (幻象)are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles. India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014. The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings. In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say th eir motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.” However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers arc visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety. 10. The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by . A. giving examples. B. analysing causes. C. providing figures. D. making comparisons. 【答案】10. D

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及参考答案

精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案(七绝俗手版) 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort

hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥,从那时起一直到现在,这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说,从总体上看,反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写:从长时间来看,这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言,我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家,甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是,虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而,我不需要访问AveryFisherHall(可能是纽约交响乐团所在地,即吉尔伯特表演之所),或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。(作者意思是,不需要听吉尔伯特,到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。)我所做的,只需要到我的CD棚里去,随便打开我的电脑,从ITUNES上就可下载比那(当指吉尔伯特表演的)多得多的类似的音乐。

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧 阅读理解占有较大的分值,掌握有效的解题技巧可以有效快速解题, 高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧 1. 确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是:The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… … 2. 对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是:The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … …in para….is used to illustrate/show … …. 3. 对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是:The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. …. 4. 对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是:How is the passage organized?;Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步

得到语言教育专家们的认可。并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们看出:对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构,一是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。 首先,看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是:Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况: 图1表明:①(Paragraph 1)是主题段(提出论题或论点),②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述,④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述,⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。 下面具体看看 The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

考研英语阅读理解

考研英语:阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%),还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料,考生应能: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,共20小题,每小题2分,共40分 一、

1.提问方式: 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧: 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分,如果文章中有这样的主旨句, 那么再看四个选择项,如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似,该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾,四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项, 就是正确答案

英语阅读理解文章(作者)意图解题指导.pdf

英语阅读理解文章(作者)意图解题指导教学设计 I.设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出:“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方法,使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法,充分发挥自己的学习潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能: 1、理解主旨要义; 2、理解文中具体信息; 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义; 4、作出简单判断和理解; 5、理解文章的基本结构; 6、理解作者的意图和态度; 7、根据所读,用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容 或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种: 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。

2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 推理判断题 英语阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,而是要求阅读者根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义,这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深。从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,预测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。 推断题分类 1.推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系 那么,该如何掌握对推断作者观点态度题以及写作目的题的理解呢? 人物性格、态度及观点判断题: 高考阅读测试中有些是考查对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意:由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点;特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词;能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

2017考研英语一阅读理解Text 4真题及答案解析

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