高中英语必修五-unit1课文详解

必修五 Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟大的科学家

steam engine 蒸汽机characteristic n.特征；特性radium n.镭

put forward 提出

theory n。理论；学说

infect vt.传染；感染

infectious adj.传染的cholera n.霍乱

scientific adj.科学的examine vt.检查；诊察；考察conclude vt. & vi.结束；结论；议定

conclusion n.结论；结束；议定draw a conclusion得出结论analyse vt.分析

repeat vi & vt.重复；重做 n. defeat vt. N.打败；战胜；使受挫

attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加

expose vt.(与to连用)暴露；揭露；

使曝光

deadly adj.致命的

cure n. vt.治愈；痊愈；治疗outbreak n.爆发；发作（疾病或战争）control vt.& n.控制；支配

absorb vt.吸收；使专心

severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严

格的；剧烈的

valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的

clue n.线索；提示

pump n.泵；抽水机

pub n.酒馆；酒吧

blame vt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于；

n.过失；责备

immediately adv.立即；马上

handle n.柄；把手； vt.处理

germ n.微生物；细菌

addition n.加；增加；加法

in addition也；另外

link vt.连接；联系 n.联系；环

link…to…将…和…连接或联系起

来

announce vt.宣布；通告

certainty n.确知；确信；确实

instruct vt.命令；指示；教导

virus n.病毒

construction n.建设；结构；建筑

物

apart from 除…之外；此外

creative adj.有创造力的；独创

的

co-operative adj.合作的

positive adj.积极的；肯定的

be strict with对…严格的

revolutionary adj.革命的

calculation n.计算；计算结果

lead to通向；导致

movement n。移动；运动；动作

make sense有意义

backward adv. & adj.向后地

（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）

loop n.圈；环

complete adj.完整的；完成的

privately adv.私下地；秘密地

spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺（线）

brightness n.明亮；亮度；聪颖

enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心

的

cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的

reject vt.拒绝；不接受；丢弃

point of view态度；观点；看法

logical adj.和逻辑的；合乎常理的

II．Reading JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

John Snow was a well-known doctor in London — so famous,

indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her

babies.约翰斯诺在伦敦是一位著名的医生，的确，如此出名以致于由他护理维多利

亚女王生孩子。【注释：attend v.出席；到场；注意；照看attend to处理；注

意倾听；专心于；照料； attend school/ class/ church/ a wedding/ a meeting/

a lecture/ a movie; attend on/ upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人； eg. 1) I’ll attend

to the matter.我来处理此事。 2) He was very tired after the long run, and

expected someboday to attend on him.长袍之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照

顾自己一下。▲辨析： attend, join, join in, take part in (1) attend是正式用语，一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等；（2）join指加入某党派、某组织、某社会团体以及参军等，如：He joined the football club two years ago. (3) join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指其他人一起参加某项活动，如： I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. (4) take part in 指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往参加者持有积极地态度，并起到一定的作用，有时可与join in互换，如： Will you take part in the English evening 试题：

—— Who is ______ the patient —— Maybe his sister.

A. taking care

B. looking for

C. joining in

D. attending on】

But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他想到要帮助受霍乱侵扰的普通民众，他就感到受到激励（或感受到神灵的召唤）。【注释：

①inspire (1)影响或触动： eg. The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.落叶触动了她的

伤感. (2) 鼓励；激励 eg. 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望 2) I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。②expose to使易受；使受 eg. exposed themselves to disease使他们受到疾病的影响； exposed their children to classical music.

使他们的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响。考题：

1. As we all know，women do not________their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries.

A．cover B．keep C．expose D．protect

2．The more one is________the English-speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.

A．exposed to B．filled in C．caught on D．kept up

3．The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that ____ to strong sunlight may

be harmful to the skin.

A．contributing B．exposing C．contributed D．being exposed 】

This was the most deadly disease of its day. 这在当时是最为致命的疾病。【注释：deadly adj.

致命的；死一般的；绝对的；完全的如：deadly weapons致命武器；a deadly pallor.死人般的苍白；deadly enemies.不共戴天的仇敌；：deadly concentration.绝对专心】Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.其原因及治疗方法都不为人知道。【注释：neither和相关连词nor 连用,连接

并列主语（1）、并列谓语（2）、并列宾语（3） eg. （1）Neither we nor they want it. 我们和他们

都不要它。（2） She neither called nor wrote. 她既没打电话也没写信来。（3） I got neither the gift nor the card.我既没得到礼物，也没得到贺卡。考题：

(2008辽) 1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _____.

A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I

2. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.

A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以

每当这种疾病爆发的时候，就有数以千计的感到恐惧的人死掉。【注释：every time这是由名词词组充当

连词，引导时间状语从句，类似这种用法的名词短语有：不定代词+time,如：any time; each time; 介

词+time 如：by the time…；序数词+time,如： the first/last time…; the +瞬间名词，如：the minute, the moment, the instant “一…就…”； the +时间名词，如： the day, the night, the month, the time…eg. 1) She demands sweets from me every time/each time she sees me. 2) The truck will have arrived

by the time you have all the things packed up. 3) The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.

4) I’ll give him your message the minute/ the moment/ the instant he arrives. 5) He bought a computer the day/ the time he got his salary. 考题：

1. Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.

A．at the time B．each time C．by the time D．Sometimes

2. ________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.

A．At times B．Some time C．Every time D．The time】

John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem.约翰斯诺想用他的

知识来帮助解决这个问题。 He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.

他知道直到找到原因才能控制该疾病。

He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.他对

霍乱如何让人丧生的两种理论感兴趣。【注释：explaining how cholera killed people是现在分词作定

语，其逻辑主语是two theories.】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. 第一种认为霍乱在空气中不合理地进行繁殖.【注释：without reason没道理；不合

理 eg. Tom is a very clever boy, but he said that without reason.】A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.一层危险的气体到处漂浮，直到它找到

载体（入侵对象）。 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals, from the stomach the disease attached the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.第二种认为人们在吃饭的时候将这种疾病吸收到体内，然后，

从胃里该疾病很快就攻击身体，很快被感染的人就会死掉。【注释：absorb vt.(1) To take in; assimilate:

吸入；同化：They are immigrants who were absorbed into the social mainstream.他们是被社会的主

流同化了的移民。 (2) To endure; accommodate:忍耐；忍受 eg. We couldn't absorb the additional hardships.我们不能忍受额外的困苦. (3) 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注eg. The writer was absorbed in

his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.作家全神贯注地进行写作,忘了弹去

雪茄烟的烟灰。be absorbed into被…吞并；兼并be absorbed in专心于；全神贯注于试题： 1) She was so ____ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted

B. absorbed

C. drawn

D. focused

2. _______ in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.

A．Having deeply absorbed B．Deeply absorbing C．Deeply having been absorbed D．Deeply absorbed】

He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.他相信第

二种理论，可是需要证明是对的。So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.所以在1854年，当另一场霍乱爆发袭击伦敦的时候，约

翰斯诺准备测试这两个理论。【注释：hit (1)打，击 eg. 1) The boy hit the other boy and was naturally punished by the headmaster."这男孩打了另一个男孩,理所当然地受到校长的处罚。 (2) 受影响 eg.

1) Price increases hit everyone's pocket.物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。 2) Strike waves hit

several Western European countries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。】 As the disease spread quickly through the poor neighbourhoods, John Snow began to gather the information.

当疾病迅速在贫穷的邻里间传播的时候，约翰斯诺开始收集相关信息。【注释：spread传开，传播：事件

范围扩大，在更大的领域被人知晓或蔓延eg. 1) The word spread fast.消息散布得很快. 2) The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by.火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。】He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.他发现在两个特别的街道，霍乱爆发的是如此严重，以致于在10天之内有500

多人死亡。 He determined to find out why.他决定搞清楚为什么。 He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.在一张地图上他标出了所有死亡人的居住地。【注释：where all the dead people had lived是定语从句，由关系副词where引导。】Here it is:这就是：

The map gave a valuable clue

about the cause of the disease.

这份地图提供了有关该疾病原因有价值

的线索。 Many of the deaths were

near the water pump in Broad

Street (especially numbers

16,37,38and 40 Broad Street).许

多死亡靠近宽街的水泵（尤其是宽街第

17、37、38和40号房子） John Snow

also saw that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. 约翰斯诺也注意到一些房子（如宽街第20、21号和剑桥大街第8、9号房子），He discovered that these families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他发现这些人家在剑桥大街7号酒店工作，They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.给他们提供的是免费的啤酒，所以他们不喝来自宽街水泵的水。 It seemed the water was to blame.似乎水就是罪魁祸首。【注释：blame (1)起因是：是…起因或某事的根源的 eg. 1) A freak storm was to blame for the power outage.停电的起因是一场特大暴风雪. (2)be to blame应受谴责 eg. 1) The children were not to blame.孩子们不应受到谴责。 2) The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。 3) I am to blame.是我不好。 (3)blame sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 eg. Don't blame it on him, but on me.别怪他,该怪我。 (4)blame sb. for sth.因某事而指责某人 eg. They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误。▲辨析： blame, fault, guilt (1) blame强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚： eg. The police laid the blame for the accident squarely on the driver's shoulders. 警方公正地把事故的责任归于司机。(2) fault是指引起或没能阻止某有害事件发生而应承担的责任：eg. The student failed the examination, but not through any fault of his teacher. 这个学生考试不及格，但不是由于老师的过失。 (3) guilt适用于情节严重、故意的不良行为并强调道德上的过失：eg. The case was dismissed because the prosecution did not have sufficient evidence of the defendant's guilt.案子被撤消了，因为指控对被告罪行没有足够的证据. 考题：

1. They blamed the failure on ，he________.

A．is not to blame B．is to blame C．is not to be blamed D．should not blame 】Next ,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下来，约翰斯诺调查这两条大街的水源。He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.他发现水是来自已经北伦敦污染的河流。【注释：which had been … London.是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面主句中具体的名词the river，另外，which也可以指代抽象概念，如：He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的。考题：

1. (09全II-17) My friend showed me around the town, ____ was very kind of him.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

2. (09鲁-24) Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that

3. (09辽-23) They’ve won their last three matches, _____ I find a bit surprising actually.

A. that

B. when

C. what

D. which

4. (08浙-8) Yesterday she sold her car, _____ she bought a month ago.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which ABDD】Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.立刻，约翰斯诺要感到吃惊的宽街人移除水泵的把手，以使它不能再用。Soon the disease began to slow down.很快，疾病传播开始缓慢下来。

John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.约翰斯诺早已表明霍乱是由细菌传播，而不是由云气传播。In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.另外，他发现在伦敦的另外一个地方的另外两例死亡与宽街霍乱爆发有关。【注释：in addition副词短语，单独作

状语，用于句首或句中，在句末相当于as well； in addition to介词短语，用在句首或句中，后须加宾语。如： 1) When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and , in addition, broke her glasses. 2) In addition to a good diet, she keeps on taking exercise to keep fit.】A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day.一位妇女，她已经离开宽街，但，她如此喜欢那里的水，以致于她每天让人从那个水泵里把水运到家。【注释：have sth. done. 让人做某事。Have sth. to be done.(指未来）让某人做某事。 have sb. do sth.让某人做某事; have sb. doing sth.让某人持续不停地做某事。Have sth. To do（指自己）有事要做。】Both she and her daughter, who often visited her, died of cholera after drinking the water.她和她的女儿，她女儿常去看她，俩人在饮用了那里的水之后都死于霍乱。With this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够确切地宣布：被污染的河水含有这种疾病。

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies (should) be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.为了避免这种疾病再次发生，约翰斯诺建议所有的水供应源都应该进行检查，也应该寻找新的处理污水的方法。 The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to pulluted water anymore.指示自来水公司不要让人再接触到受污染的水。Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。▲辨析：win，beat，defeat (1) win 的意思是“赢”、“获胜”、“得到成功”，作及物动词时，它的宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或运动等。win后不能接人(对手)，如不说win sb.。 win the race/the battle/the war/a prize/the game/a medal/success/friendship/reward赢得了赛跑/战斗/战争/奖品/比赛/奖牌/成功/友谊/奖赏

Our team won the game 8 to 7.我们队以8比7赢了那场比赛。

(2) beat也有“赢”、“取胜”、“战胜”之意，但跟win的用法不同，这个动词后面跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人。且beat还有连续敲打，(心脏)跳动之意。过去式为beat，过去分词为beaten。You beat me in the race，but I’ll beat you at tennis.赛跑你赢了我，但打网球我会赢你。

He was so nervous that he could feel his heart beating faster.他如此紧张，以至于能感到自己的心跳加快了。

Listen！The rain is beating against the window.听！雨点在敲打着窗户。

(3) defeat本来用于描述战争中打败敌人，现在可与beat换用，以表示击败对手。

He was badly defeated/beaten in the election.他在选举中惨败。

考题： Zhang Yining________Wang Nan and won the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.

A．won B．defeat C．beat D．hit

重点句型：

1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

【精提取】neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。

【巧应用】我既不想知道，也不关心。

Neither do I want to know it，____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____. 答案：nor do I care about it

2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.【精提取】every(each，any，next，first，last)time作连词使用，引导时间状语从句。

【巧应用】杰克每次来城里都会来看望我。

Jack ___ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ he comes to town. 答案：will drop in on me every time

3．The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.

【精提取】suggest vt.暗示，表明了【巧应用】他脸上的表情说明他非常高兴。

The look on his face ____ ____ ____ _____ _____. 答案：suggested that he was happy 4．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

【精提取】only＋介词短语/状语从句/副词放在句首时后面(主)句用倒装语序。

【巧应用】我只有找到工作才能有足够的钱继续大学的学业。

___ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____to continue my studies at college.

答案：Only if I get a job can I have enough money

常备动词短语：

1. put forward 提出，建议；推荐；将……提前；put aside节省，储蓄，储存; put out熄灭，扑灭

put away放好，积蓄； put off延期，推迟； put up举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造

试题：

—Why is he feeling down today

—Because the suggestion he________has been turned down.

A．put away B．put up C．put down D．put forward

2. look into注视…的内部，注视；调查； look after照看，照管；look down upon看不起

look forward to盼望； look out注意； look up to尊重试题：

(2009赣)It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of the two missing children.

A．look upon B．look after C．look into D．look out

The building around the corner caught fire last police are now ______ the matter. A．seeing through B．working out C．looking into D．watching over

3. make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通； make sense of理解，明白; make no sense没道理，没意义；

there is no sense in doing sth.做……没道理; in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说； in no sense决不试题：

There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any _____ of them at all.

A．meaning B．use C．idea D．sense

No matter how hard I tried to read it，the sentence didn’t________to me.

A．make out B．understand C．make sense D．work out

It doesn’t make ____ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.

A．sense B．opinion C．use D．Difference

每日一背范文：

(2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东不在家，你准备外出，请给写一留言条，内容包括：

1．外出购物； 2．替房东还书；

3．Tracy来电话留言：

1)咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消

2)此事已告知Susan

3)尽快回电

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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Li Hua

范文：

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I’m going out shopping，and won’t be back until about 5∶00 p．m..I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City about 1 o’clock this afternoon，Tracy called，saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend felt very sorry about that，but said that you could set some other time for the wanted you to call her back as soon as you are has already told Susan about this change.

Li Hua

高中英语必修五Unit1知识点

必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He

高中英语必修1 课文翻译(人教新课标)

第一单元友谊 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。

Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。 第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语

人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.

人教版新课标高中英语必修1课文翻译

Unit 1 友谊 P2 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 P6 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？P7 Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。

高中英语必修五课文及翻译

高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020

-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national

人教版高中英语必修-课文-译文-对照翻译

必修1 第一单元 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so she had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hidden away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：―我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。‖现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.

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(完整word版)必修五unit1课文及译文

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。他决心要查明原因。 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9 号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon