小学英语动词过去式、第三人称单数和名词复数

英语不规则动词过去式1、A---A型

2、 A---B型

3、其他

动词第三人称单数

一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：

①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]

②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：

fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]

study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：

teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]

4、以辅音+“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：

go－goes [z] do－does [z]

下面几个动词发音发生了变化，如：

1、do [du:]－does [dz]

2、say [sei]－says [sez]

二、变“y”为“i”现象：

①baby－babies

②carry－carries

英语名词复数变化及发音规则

1、一般在词尾加－s.

一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z]，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。

Cups杯子 hands手 hats帽子

2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]

Classes班级 buses公共汽车 boxes盒子3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz]。

boy-boys男孩 army-armies军队 story-stories 故事 factory-factories工厂 baby-babies宝贝

4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]。

kilo-kilos 公里 photo-photos 照片

tobacco-tobaccos 烟草 piano-pianos 钢琴

以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。

zoo-zoos动物园 radio-radios收音机

少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。

tomato-tomatoes 西红柿 hero-heroes 英雄

potato-potatoes 土豆

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，加es，读[vz]。leaf-leaves树叶 thief-thieves小偷

wife-wives妻子 knife-knives小刀

6、不规则名词的复数形式。

(1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。

man-men男子woman-women女人 foot-feet脚goose-geese 鹅 tooth-teeth 牙齿

mouse-mice老鼠 child-children小孩

(2)单/复数形式相同

sheep-sheep绵羊 deer-deer鹿 Chinese-Chinese中国人 Japanese-Japanese日本人 fish-fish鱼people 人

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stay----stayed; talk----talked swim----swam; invent----invented print ---printed; look----looked; make---- made; climb----climbed; buy---- bought; have---- had; eat---- ate; see---- saw; fall----fell; wear----wore; drink----drunk; break----broke want----wanted; run----ran; give----gave; kiss----kissed; put----put; practice----practiced win----won; visit----visited; happen----happened; bump----bumped;