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商务英语常用词汇

商务英语词汇

commerce, trade, trading 贸易

inland trade, home trade, domestic trade, internal trade, interior trade 国内贸易

international trade 国际贸易

foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易,外贸

terms of trade 贸易条件

free-trade area 自由贸易区

import, importation 进口

importer 进口商

export, exportation 出口

exporter 出口商

commercial channels 商业渠道

customs 海关

customs duty 关税

quota 配额,限额

item 项目,细目

commercial transaction 买卖,交易

manufacturer 制造商,制造厂

middleman 中间商,经纪人

dealer 经销商

wholesaler 批发商

retailer 零售商

tradesman 零售商

merchant 商人 (英)批发商,(美)零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人,特许权获得者consumer 消费者,用户

client, customer 顾客,客户

buyer 买主,买方

stocks 存货,库存量

purchase 购买,进货

sale 销售

bulk sale 整批销售,趸售

wholesale 批发

retail trade 零售业

cash sale 现货

hire-purchase 分期付款购买 (美作:installment plan) competition 竞争

competitor 竞争者

competitive 竞争的

unfair competition 不合理竞争

dumping profit margin 倾销差价,倾销幅度trademark 商标

registered trademark 注册商标

registered office, head office 总公司, 总店, 总部home market 国内市场

open market 公开市场

black market 黑市

marketing 销售学,销售业务,市场调查consumption 消费

demand 需求

outlet 销路

offer 报盘,发价

monopoly 垄断

foresight, forecast 预测

budget 预算

plan 计划

planning 计划编制

programme 计划,方案 (美作:program) estimation, estimate, valuation 估价

accountant 会计师

bookkeeping 簿记

bookkeeper 簿记师

double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记

single-entry bookkeeping 单式簿记

account book 帐簿,会计簿册

cashbook 现金出纳簿

journal 日记簿

statement of accounts 帐目表,帐单

balance (sheet) 资产平稳表

financial year, trading year 财政年度

income and expenditure, receipts and expenditure, output and input 支出和收入

assets 资产

liabilities 债务,负债

debit 借方

turnover, volume of business 营业额,销售额

cash on hand 留存现金,库存现金

cash balance 现金余额,现款结存

credit balance 贷方余额

debit balance 借方余额,借方差额

deficit 亏空

balance of trade 贸易差额,国际贸易平衡

balance of payments (国际)收支,国际收支差额表

cost price 成本价

factory price, manufacturer's price 出厂价

net price 净价,实价

price free on board 船上交货价

purchase price 买价,进货价格

sale price 卖价,销售价格

wholesale price 批发价

retail price 零售价

fixed price 固定价格

guaranteed price 保证价格

cash price 现贷价格,现金价格

market price 市场价

preferential price 优惠价

piece price, unit price 单位价格,单价

price control 物价管制,价格控制

maximum price, ceiling price 最高价

minimum price 最低价

prime cost, first cost, first price, initial cost, initial price 最初成本

price freeze 价格冻结

price fixing 限价,限定价格

price index 物价指数

price fall 价格下降

rise in price 价格上涨

on a lump-sum basis 一次(整笔)总付的方法

all-inclusive 总括

sum 总数,全额

amount 总数,总值

bill 汇票 (美作:check)

bill of exchange 汇票

promissory note 本票,期票

pro forma invoice 估价单,估价发票

voucher 凭单,收据

receipt 收据

advance (payment) 预付(款项)

cash payment 现金支付,付现

deferred payment, payment by instalments 延期付款

cash on delivery 交货付现,货到付款

down payment 预付定金

monthly payment 月度付款

payment in kind 以实物付款

payment in specie 以其真正形式付款

refund, repayment 归还,调换证券

payment in arrears, outstanding payment 拖欠款项remuneration 报酬,补偿

compensation 赔偿,补偿

economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济

collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济

rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济

political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy

闭关自守

primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分

economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡

economic fluctuation 经济波动

economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定

economic policy 经济政策

economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔 infrastructure 基本建设 scarcity 短缺

stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 initial capital 创办资本

frozen capital 冻结资金 real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本

reserve 准备金,储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds 资金分配

contribution of funds 资金捐献 working capital fund 周转基金

revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金

contingency fund 意外开支,准备金 reserve fund 准备金 buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金

sinking fund 偿债基金 self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给

current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)

current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票

traveller's cheque 旅行支票 chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美

作:checkbook) endorsement 背书

transfer 转让,转帐,过户 ready money 现钱 ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠

banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill) convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币

foreign exchange 外汇 floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 free exchange rates 汇兑市场

foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券 hard currency 硬通货

speculation 投机

saving 储装,存款 depreciation 减价,贬值 devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价

runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩

capital flight 资本外逃

securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 贡市场 stock exchange corporation 证券交易所

stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所 quotation 报价,牌价 share 股份,贡

shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利 cash dividend 现金配股

stock investment 贡投资 investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 贡经纪人

stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股

preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行贡 par value 股面价格, 票面价格

bull 买手, 多头 bear 卖手, 空头 assigned 过户 opening price 开盘closing price 收盘

hard times 低潮 business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整 ease 松弛

raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌 bond, debenture 债券 Wall Street 华尔街

short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款 medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人

creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人,借方 borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款 interest 利息

rate of interest 利率 discount 贴现,折扣 rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年

金 maturity 到期日,偿还日

amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付 redemption 偿还 insurance 保险mortgage 抵押 allotment 拨款

short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt 合并债务 funded debt 固定债务,长期债务

floating debt 流动债务 drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助 allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴

cost 成本,费用 expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本

overheads 杂项开支,间接成本 operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用

running expenses 日常费用,经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用

overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用 upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用

transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用 contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用

apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

income 收入,收益 earnings 利润,收益 gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益

gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额 net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额

average income 平均收入 national income 国收入 profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率

yield 产量收益,收益率 increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税 taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税 fiscal charges 财务税收

progressive taxation 累进税制 graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税 income tax 所得税

land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税 basis of assessment 估税标准 taxable income 须纳税的收入

fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税 taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会

National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会

Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会

Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会

British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会

International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会

International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会

Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟

Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会

United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会

Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织

European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体

European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟

European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区

Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会

Eurogroup 欧洲集团

Group of Ten 十国集团

Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会

Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会

Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）

Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场

Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场

African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织

East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场

Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟

West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国

组织

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织

Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区

Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心

People's Bank of China 中国人银行

Bank of China 中国银行

International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行

World Bank 世界银行

International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织

European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金

Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行

African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行

Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行

National city Bank of New York 花旗银行

American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行

American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行

The Chase Bank 大通银行

Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行

European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行

Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行

United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行

Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行

Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行

Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行

International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司

La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体

Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金

United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议

Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会

Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会

Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会

Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司

New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所

London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场

Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所receptionist 接待员 typist 打字员 key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员

telephone operator 电话接线员

programmer 电脑程序员

system analyst 系统分析员

shorthand typist 速记打字员

office girl 女记事员

public servants 公务员

national public servant 国家公务员

local public service employee 地方公务员

nation railroad man 国营铁路职员

tracer 绘图员

illustrator 汇稿员

saleswoman 女店员

pilot 驾驶员

simultaneous 同时译员

publisher 出版人员

graphic designer 美术设计员

delivery boy 送报员

secretary 秘书

policeman 警察journalist 记者

editor 编辑

interpreter 通译者director 导演

talent 星探

actor 男演员

actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者

translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家

painter 画家

musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家

designer 设计家

sculptor 雕刻家

designer 服装设计师

宏观经济的 macroeconomic

通货膨胀 inflation

破产 insolvency

有偿还债务能力的 solvent

合同 contract

汇率 exchange rate

紧缩信贷 tighten credit creation

私营部门 private sector

财政管理机构 fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策 slack fiscal policy 税法 tax bill

财政 public finance

财政部 the Ministry of Finance

平衡预算 balanced budget

继承税 inheritance tax

货币主义者 monetariest

增值税 VAT (value added tax)

收入 revenue

总需求 aggregate demand货币化 monetization

赤字 deficit

经济不景气 recession

a period when the economy of a country is not

successful, business conditions are bad, industrial

production and trade are at a low level and there

is a lot of unemployment

经济好转 turnabout

复苏 recovery

成本推进型 cost push

货币供应 money supply

生产率 productivity

劳动力 labor force

实际工资 real wages成本推进式通货膨胀 cost-push inflation 需求拉动式通货膨胀 demand-pull inflation

双位数通货膨胀 double- digit inflation

极度通货膨胀 hyperinflation

长期通货膨胀 chronic inflation

治理通货膨胀 to fight inflation

最终目标 ultimate goal

坏的影响 adverse effect

担保 ensure

贴现 discount

萧条的 sluggish

认购 subscribe to

支票帐户 checking account

货币控制工具 instruments of monetry control

借据 IOUs(I owe you)

本票 promissory notes货币总监 controller of the currency

拖收系统 collection system

支票清算或结算 check clearing

资金划拨 transfer of funds

可以相信的证明 credentials

改革 fashion

被缠住 entangled

货币联盟 Monetary Union

再购协议 repo

精明的讨价还价交易 horse-trading

欧元 euro

公共债务 membership criteria

汇率机制 REM

储备货币 reserve currency

劳动密集型 labor-intensive

贡交易所 bourse

竞争领先 frontrun

牛市 bull market

非凡的牛市 a raging bull

规模经济 scale economcies

买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价 bid-ask spreads 期货（贡） futures

经济商行 brokerage firm

回报率 rate of return

贡 equities

违约 default

现金外流 cash drains

经济人佣金 brokerage fee

存款单 CD(certificate of deposit

营业额 turnover

资本市场 capital market

布雷顿森林体系 The Bretton Woods System

经常帐户 current account

套利者 arbitrager

远期汇率 forward exchange rate

即期汇率 spot rate

实际利率 real interest rates

货币政策工具 tools of monetary policy

银行倒闭 bank failures

跨国公司 MNC ( Multi-National Corporation)

商业银行 commercial bank

商业票据 comercial paper

利润 profit

本票，期票 promissory notes

监督 to monitor

佣金（经济人） commission brokers

套期保值 hedge

有价证券平衡理论 portfolio balance theory 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

固定汇率 fixed exchange rate

浮动汇率 floating/flexible exchange rate

货币选择权（期货） currency option

套利 arbitrage

合约价 exercise price

远期升水 forward premium

多头买升 buying long

空头卖跌 selling short

按市价订购贡 market order

贡经纪人 stockbroker

国际货币基金 the IMF

七国集团 the G-7

监督 surveillance

同业拆借市场 interbank market

可兑换性 convertibility

软通货 soft currency

限制 restriction

交易 transaction

充分需求 adequate demand

短期外债 short term external debt

汇率机制 exchange rate regime

直接标价 direct quotes

资本流动性 mobility of capital

赤字 deficit

本国货币 domestic currency

外汇交易市场 foreign exchange market

国际储备 international reserve

利率 interest rate

资产 assets

国际收支 balance of payments

贸易差额 balance of trade

繁荣 boom

债券 bond

资本 captial

资本支出 captial expenditures

商品 commodities

商品交易所 commodity exchange

期货合同 commodity futures contract

普通贡 common stock

联合大企业 conglomerate

货币贬值 currency devaluation

通货紧缩 deflation

折旧 depreciation

贴现率 discount rate

归个人支配的收入 disposable personal income 从业人员 employed person

汇率 exchange rate

财政年度fiscal year

企业 free enterprise

国生产总值 gross antional product

库存 inventory

劳动力人数 labor force

债务 liabilities

市场经济 market economy

合并 merger

货币收入 money income

跨国公司 Multinational Corproation

个人收入 personal income

优先贡 preferred stock

价格收益比率 price-earning ratio

优惠贷款利率 prime rate

利润 profit

回报 return on investment

使货币升值 revaluation

薪水 salary

季节性调整 seasonal adjustment

关税 tariff

失业人员 unemployed person

效用 utility

价值 value

工资 wages

工资价格螺旋上升 wage-price spiral

收益 yield

补偿贸易 compensatory trade, compensated deal 储蓄银行 savings banks

欧洲联盟 the European Union

单一的实体 a single entity

抵押贷款 mortgage lending

业主产权 owner''''s equity

普通股 common stock

无形资产 intangible assets

收益表 income statement

营业开支 operating expenses

行政开支 administrative expenses

现金收支一览表 statement of cash flow

贸易中的存货 inventory

收益 proceeds

投资银行 investment bank

机构投资者 institutional investor

垄断兼并委员会 MMC

招标发行 issue by tender

定向发行 introduction

代销 offer for sale

直销 placing

公开发行 public issue

信贷额度 credit line

国际债券 international bonds

欧洲货币Eurocurrency

利差 interest margin

以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款 leveraged loan

权利股发行 rights issues

净收入比例结合 net income gearing

外贸中常见英文缩略词

1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价

2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单

4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单

5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证

6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制

7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱

8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等

9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

11 PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等

12 WT(weight)重量

13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重

14 N.W.(net weight)净重

15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单

16 EA(each)每个，各

17 W (with)具有

18 w/o(without)没有

19 FAC(facsimile)传真

20 IMP(import)进口

21 EXP（export)出口

22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的

23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度

24 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的

25 M/V（merchant vessel)商船

26 S.S(steamship)船运

27 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨

28 DOC (document)文件、单据

29 INT（international)国际的

30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表

31 INV (invoice)发票

32 PCT (percent)百分比

33 REF （reference)参考、查价

34 EMS （express mail special)特快传递

35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型

36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传

37 RMB（renminbi)人币

38 S/M （shipping marks)装船标记

39 PR或PRC(price) 价格

40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货

41 S/C（sales contract)销售确认书

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