英语中的被动语态
被动语态
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执
行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：
He wrote a novel.（主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。）
The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday.（主语the classroom 是动作的承
受者，是被动语态。）
知识点概述
一、被动语态的构成
英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be 必须
与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：
The man was fooled by the two boys.
The book has been translated into several languages.
被动语态的句子结构：主语+ be +过去分词
1、一般现在时
谓语：pp.are is am +??
???
例句：One lesson is learned each week.
Foreign languages are studied everywhere in China.
2、一般过去时
谓语：
pp.were was +?
?? 例句：This hospital was set up just two years ago.
3、一般将来时
谓语：PP.be to going are is am shall/will
+????
??????????
例句：This question will be answered by the headmaster tomorrow.
4、过去将来时 谓语：.PP be to going were was would
+???
???????
例句：The physics teacher said that two experiments would be done the next week.
5、现在完成时
谓语：pp.been have has +?
?? 例句：As has been pointed out , the housing problem in our district has basically been solved.
6、过去完成时
谓语：had been + pp.
例句：When I got to the ticket office, all the tickets had been sold out.
7、现在进行时
谓语：pp.being are is am +??
???
例句：The patients in ward 12 are being taken care of by Miss Hoover.
8、过去进行时
谓语：pp.being were was +?
?? 例句：She said her house was being painted.
注：及物的短语动词相当于一个及物动词，可以有被动语态，这类短语动词有：turn on, turn off, find out ,laugh at ,look after, talk about, think of /about over, bring about, (引起；导至) put away, make out (认出)，make up (编；补尝)，look down upon,
pay attention to ,face up to (面对)
二、被动语态的用法
（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next term.
（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要
用被动语态。例如：
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个
主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for 。
例如：The pianist gave the pupils some advice.
间接宾语 直接宾语
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主动语态句中动词make 、have 、let 、see 、watch 、hear 、feel 等后接动词不定式作
宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to 。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to 。
例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
三、被动语态的时态
初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
（1）一般现在时
构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词
例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai.
English is spoken in many countries.
(2)一般过去时
构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词
例如：The bridge was built in 1992.
Was this novel written by his father?
(3)一般将来时
构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词
例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4)现在完成时
构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词
例如：Has his work been finished?
We haven’t been invited to the party.
(5)现在进行时
构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词
例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
The problem is being discussed by the students.
(6)带有情态动词的被动语态
构成：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词
例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动
词make, let等。
实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 Jack (be) in hospital now. He (send) there yesterday.
答案：Is, was sent
提示：由于now表示的是现在，会想到用现在进行时，而这里的动词be表示状态，不能用进行时，句子的主语he是动作的承受者，要用被动语态。
例2 Macao (return) to China on December 20, 1999.
答案：returned
提示：本句有一个明确的时间状语，要用一般过去时。句意是“1999年12月20日澳门回归祖国”。return既可作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。由于本
句立足于“澳门在1999年回归”，不强调“由谁归还”这一动作，所以
一般用主动语态。
例3 My bike (move) away from this side. I asked the man why this (do).
答案：has been moved, had been done
提示：第一句主要陈述此事与现在有关，用现在完成时，第二句从句中的动作发生在主句前，主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时。这两句中的动作
均有被动意义，要用被动语态。
例4 A lot of water (waste) every day. It’s a serious problem
答案：is wasted
提示：表示每天都如此的习惯性状态，用一般现在时，水是“被浪费的”，要用被动语态。
例5 When wet clothes are hung up near a fire, steam can soon be seen (rise) from them.
答案：rising
提示：这道题是被动语态，要求用非谓语动词作主语补足语，现在分词和动词不定式都是非谓语动词，两者都可以作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但用法不
同。现在分词作补语时，表示动作正在进行。此句是表示水蒸气正在从湿
衣服上升起，用现在分词表示。
例6 A strange man was seen (enter) the office ten minutes ago.
答案：to enter
提示：这道题也是被动语态，要求用非谓语动词形式填空。用动词不定式作补语表示动作的全过程。句中的“进入”，是十分钟前看到的动作的全过程，
用不定式表示。在主动句中省略“to”，在被动句中要加“to”。
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。
1．被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2．被动语态的用法:（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3．主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：
(1)People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2)She takes care of the baby. . The baby is taken care of (by her).
动词一般过去式的构成
a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。
③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。
不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut
put----put----put set----set----set
let----let----let hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt
read---read----read 读音/e/
其他：
lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔:t〕
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought
buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold
tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a, …
sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat
4. 动词原形中i为o, …
win----won----won
shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood
understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,…
say----said----said pay----paid----paid
7. a）动词原形中的d为t,…
send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt
lose----lost----lost
c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt
mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept
sweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had
hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug
hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung ----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run
become----became----become
D. 原形,过去式和过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词．
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类．
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词．
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen
write---wrote---written (双写t )
ride----rode----ridden (双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词．
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词．
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten（双写t，加—en ）
d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen
take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden （双写
E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could may---- might shall---- should will ---- would
其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been
do-----did----- done
draw-----drew----- drawn go-----went----- gone
show----showed----shown
Wear---- wore ---- worn
三、练习
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1．We often use a recorder in our English class.
2．They will show a new film next week.
3．When did they build the house?
4．I saw the boy enter the room.
5．Will they show a new film next week?
6．Have they posted the letter yet?
7．We often see him help his classmate.
8．You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9．Who is repairing the bike?
10．The student should learn all the texts by heart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned
B. is cleaned
C. was cleaning
D. was cleaned
2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work
B. to work
C. working
D. worked
3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep
B. mustn’t keep
C. must be kept
D. mustn’t be kept
4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent
B. was sent
C. has sent
D. has been sent
5.The pen ________ well.
A. writes
B. is written
C. was written
D. writing
6.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place
B. have been taken place
C. has taken place
D. has been taken place
7.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in
B. be handed in
C. handed in
D. be handing in
8.The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent
B. send
C. be sent
D. be sending
9.________ his work ________ yet?
A. have…been finished
B. has …been finished
C. has …finished
D. have…finished
10.The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning
B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned
D. is cleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1．Can he ________ (speak) English?
2．What language ________ (speak) in that country?
3．The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4．These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5．It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?
6．A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7．________ the book ________ (return).
8．Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9．The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10．I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
Ⅳ．将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者
1. They will say nothing more about this matter.
2. They have made some flowers of silk.
3. He wrote a poem.
4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.
5. They are to open up a new business next week.
6. Children couldn’t have done all this damage.
7. All of us will see him off at the airport.
8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.
9. You must hand in your homework before five.
10. People say that she is a good teacher.
Ⅴ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. English __ (speak) in many countries.
2. Information in short-term memory __ (can, not, keep) very long.
3. After that, one of the lights __ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes __ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
5. It is said new copies of the book __ (print) now.
6. The old house __ (pull) down next month.
7. In the old days, the children __ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
8. Needless to say, the second list of words __ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.
9. She __ (send) to another village when I got there.
10. The teacher said that we __ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam.
参考答案
I、1.A recorder is often used in our English class.
2.A new film will be shown by then next week.
3.When was the house built by them?
4.The boy was seen to enter the room.
5.Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7.He is often seen to help his classmate.
8.The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9.Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10.All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、
1.D
2.B
3.C
4.B
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.B 10.C III、
1.speak
2.is spoken
3.has been shown
4.are made
5.turn
6.is being built
7.Has returned 8.is grown 9.wasn’t broken
10.was told didn’t come
Ⅳ．1. Nothing more will be said about this matter.
2. Some flowers of silk have been made by them.
3. A poem was written by him.
4. Some trees and flowers are being planted by the students.
5. A new business is to be opened up next week.
6. All this damage couldn’t have been done by children.
7. He will be seen off at the airport by all of us.
8. The tigers at the zoo are fed three times a day (by them).
9. Your homework must be handed in before five (by you).
10. It is said that she is a good teacher. (That she is a good teacher is said by them.)
Ⅴ. 1. is spoken 2. cannot be kept 3. was turned off 4. were believed
5. are being printed
6. will be pulled
7. were taken care of
8. can be remembered 9. had been sent 10. would be given
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
初中英语被动语态精讲
动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词
英语语法：被动语态的用法
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法 (1)
翻译技巧第九节被动语态的译法 英汉对比研究表明，英语中被动语态的使用极为普遍，尤其是以科技英语为主。这是英语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。在英语中，大凡为了强调受事，以突出其鲜明位置，而无需提及主动者、无意点明主动者、无从说出主动者，为了上下文的衔接与连贯等等，或是出于礼貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁的，往往都采用被动语态。例如：(1)When will we be interviewed? 我们什么时候来参加面试呢? (2)New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英语专业的三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。 (3)The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 (4)You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers’ Club in Xidan at 7 P. m. Nov. 23. 谨定于11月23日晚上7时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴，敬请光临。 (5)The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。 在英语中，被动结构能给人以间接、客观的印象，因而在科技文献、政论文和新闻报道等文体中使用尤为频繁。相比之下，被动语句在汉语中的使用范围小得多。主要原因在于，在历史上，汉语被动语句主要用来表达对主语来说是如意或不希望发生的事情。现代汉语的这种限制虽然在西方语言的影响下有所动，被动句式有时也用来表达中性甚至希冀之事，但是汉语采用的主要是语义型句式，大多数被动意义并不一定非得通过被动语句来表达，而可以通过形式上主动、语义上被动的句式予以体现。英语和汉语在被动语态使用上存在的这种差异决定了英汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。 一、译成汉语的主动句 英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句包括以下几种不同情况： (一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 在翻译英语被动句时，如果没有必要指出施事者，有时可以按原文语序翻译成汉语主动句，原文的主语仍然充当译文的主语。因此，要把英语译成纯正地道、的汉语，译者往往需要采用“受事主语+谓语动词”的句式。例如： (1)The whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内，整个国家就武装起来了，准备抵抗外来侵略者。 (2)The transistors are widely used in communication system. 晶体管广泛用于通讯设备中。 (3)On our domestic stations，events in Iraq were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电台的广播中，伊拉克事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。 (4)Water can be changed from a liquid into a gas. 水能从液体变为气体。 (5) The old woman had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the morning. 清晨，老太太的心脏病发作了。 （二）原文中的某一部分在译文中做主语 英语中有些被动句译成汉语时，可以将原句中的某个适当的成分转译成主语。经常转译为主语的成分包括一些地点状语或其中的名词以及某些谓语。当然，谓语转译成主语时，谓
初中英语动词的主动语态和被动语态讲解
动词的主动语态和被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求： 中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。 如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）The blackboard is often cleaned by us.（黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。 1.被动语态的结构 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 如：Youare wantedon the phone.有你的电话。 Chinawas liberatedin 1949. 1949年中国解放。 The problemwill be discussedtomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 Not a book in the libraryhas been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 My bikeis being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The bookhad been borrowedwhen I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转换 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接、直接宾语+其他
初中英语被动语态练习题
被动语态 1. The PRC (found) in 1949. 2. Edison’s mother (save) after the operation. 3. I (tell) the good news yesterday. I was pleased to hear that. 4. Dr. Bethune went on with the operation though he (ask) to leave. 5. Very little (know) about the universe thousands of years ago. 6. —Where is Peter? —He (tell) to meet some foreign friends just now. 7. He (live) in this house since it (build). 8. Trees must (put) in the hole so that it is straight. 9. Old people must (speak) to politely. 10. Let’s (go) home if your homework (do). 11. Miss Zhao usually (ask) us some questions in class but yesterday she (ask) a lot of questions by us. 12. Tom (catch) a bad cold. He (must take) good care of. 13. —Look! I (buy) a new dictionary. —When it (buy)? —The day before yesterday. 14. I can’t mend the machine. Uncle Wang should (send) for at once. 15. He showed me the kite as soon as it (make). 16. —this kind of flower (water) every day? —Certainly. It (need) much more water than the others. 17. —Which does Li Lei prefer, the long jump or the high jump? —Of course, the high jump. He (know) to be good at it. 18. Sometimes Tom (take) to school by bike, but now he (walk) to school by himself every morning. 19. No more bread (need) because my mother (buy) so much of it. 20. Stamps can (use) to send and receive letters. 21. My bike (not work) now. It must (mend). I (use) it tomorrow. 22. Your shoes (wear) out. But they can (mend) here. 被动语态专项练习 将下列句子变成被动语态(A) 1.They produce silk in Suzhou. _____________________________. 2. We take good care of our textbooks. ____________________________. 3. Many young people don’t speak Russian. ______________________________. 4. Do you often make lanterns for the traditional Lantern Festival in China?______________. 5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.________________________________. 6. They didn’t choose me this term. _____________________________________. 7. I often hear him sing in his room. __________________________________. 8. The story made us laugh. ____________________________________. 9. We are going to build a school in the small village. ____________________________. 10. When will you held the match? _______________________________. 11. We should plant many trees on the mountains. ________________________________. 12. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. _________________________________. 13. Father gave me a toy at Christmas. ______________________________________.
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
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初中英语被动语态的讲解
初中英语被动语态的讲解 定义：英语中有两重语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。 规则：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。第一，助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化，第二，助动词be 要随着时态的变化而变化。 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 3）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 4）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here． 5）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 6）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 7）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 8）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July. 2．被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词，否定句主语+be not+过去分词，一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词，特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。 3.被动语态的特殊形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 双宾语结构。主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍
初中英语被动语态的教案
被动语态 授课人：授课时间： 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 判断：你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ We call the doctor. People don’t play football here. The truck was cleaned yesterday. Mr Chen teaches us English. The classroom was cleaned. 二、被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词+by sb（be+done) 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should... +be done
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、主动变被动的方法 口诀：主变宾，宾变主，By 句尾跟 Be 字变，Vpp跟后面 一、选择题（2×15=30分） 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
英语被动语态用法详解
英语被动语态用法详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The classroom ________ by students every day. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，
新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的图文解析(2)
一、选择题 1．—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A．will be done B．has done C．is done D．does 2．Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn't take it. A．is offered B．offered C．was offered D．has offered 3．His plays by millions of people. A．read B．will read C．are read D．is read 4．It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A．used for B．will be used up C．used up D．will be used for 5．The Wandering Earth wins high praise from the public. I think the movie is well worth _____. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 6．Last year, the first made-in-China ballpoint pen tips（圆珠笔笔头）were _________ by Taiyuan Iron（铁）&Steel. A．divided B．required C．produced 7．When Tim ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．was asked B．asked C．was asking D．is asked 8．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 9．A new zoo in our town center next month. I think it will be a good place for the teenagers to see the animals. A．build B．will build C．will be built 10．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 11．The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 12．May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．has invited 13．Too much water________ every day in the world. We should save it. A．wasted B．are wasted C．is wasted D．was wasted 14．We hope that more trees________in our city next year. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．will be planted 15．All the kids here .
初三英语被动语态知识点整理
被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。 以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3）am/is /are being done现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．4）was/were done一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
英语被动语态用法
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed