(完整版)初中英语形容词和副词的用法和练习题
页眉内容
形容词
big 大的 small 小的 long 长的 tall 高的 short 短的；矮的 young 年轻的 old 旧的；老的 strong 健壮的 thin 瘦的 active 积极活跃的 quiet 安静的 nice 好看的 kind 和蔼亲切的 strict 严格的 smart 聪明的 funny 滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的 sweet甜的 salty 咸的 sour酸的 fresh 新鲜的 clean干净的 tired 疲劳的 excited兴奋的 angry 生气的 happy 高兴的 bored 无聊的 sad忧愁的 taller 更高的shorter更矮的 stronger更强壮的 older 年龄更大的younger更年轻的 bigger更大的 heavier更重的 longer更长的 thinner更瘦的 smaller更小的 good 好的 fine好的great很好的 heavy 重的 new新的 fat 胖的 happy快乐的right 对的 hungry 饥饿的 cute 逗人喜爱的 little 小的lovely 可爱的 beautiful 漂亮的 colorful 色彩鲜艳的pretty 漂亮的 cheap 便宜的 expensive昂贵的 juicy 多汁的 tender嫩的 healthy 健康的 ill 有病的 helpful 有帮助的 high 高的 easy简单的 proud 骄傲的 sick 有病的better更好的 higher 更高的
二. 形容词的作用，见下表：
有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep ,awake 等。例如：Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。
例如：
You'd better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）
大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。
当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说
a black new pen, 而说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循？
如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op 代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词，如
beautiful, horrible, lovely, nice 等；sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long, short, round, narrow等；a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old, new, young等；c 代表colour ，指表示颜色的形容词，如red, black, orange等，o 代表origin ，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British, Canadian, German等；m 代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic,metal, aluminium 等。英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice
long new black
British plastic pen。当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。
例如：
His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。
这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white （表示人种等）。
例如：
The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。
如：
They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易较的学生。
We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
else 要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
如：
Did you see anybody else? 你看到别的人了吗？
三．以-ly 结尾的形容词
1）大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但friendly ，deadly，lovely ，
lonely ，likely ，lively ，ugly ，brotherly ，仍为形容词。
Her singing was lovely. He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily ，weekly ，monthly ，yearly ，early 等。
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。The Times is
published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
四、合成形容词的构成
（1）、形容词+ 名词+ed kind-hearted （好心的）, cold-blooded （冷血的）（2）、形容词+形容词red-hot（炽热的），dark-blue （深蓝的）
（3）、形容词+现在分词
tired-looking （面带倦容的），ordinary-looking （长相一般的）（4）、副词+现在分词
hard-working （勤劳的）、quick-firing （速射的）（5）、副词+过去分词hard-won （得来不易的），newly-built （新建的）
（6）、名词+形容词
life-long （终生的），world-famous （世界闻名的）（7）、名词+现在分词peace-loving （爱好和平的）、mouth-watering （令人垂涎的）（8）、名词+过去分词
snow-covered（白雪覆盖的），hand-made（手工的）
（9）、数词+名词+ed
four-storied （四层楼的），three-legged（三条腿的）（10）、数词+名词ten-year（十年的），two-man （二人的）
副词
.定义:
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
．英语副词分类详解
一、时间副词
1.常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2.时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday 等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词( 如soon, recently, suddenly 等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可
位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后) ：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助
动词、情态动词之后) ：He' s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still 和already 也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40 岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况
告诉他了。still 若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：I still don ' t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：Are you on page one still? 你还在看第 1 页？Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？
二、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
三、方式副词
1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly 结构的副词都是
方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2.方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说：We like very much it. ( 应改为We like it very much.) 但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
四、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态
动词之后：He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She always was late. 她老是迟到。有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only 修饰时)：I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗? 有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally 等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。Very often the phone rings when I ' m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。另外，频
度副词always 和never 通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。 3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not 之后或之前(如usually, often) ，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously ，均含有“连续不断”
五、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very,
much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等) ：Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better( 身体康复) 这一表达。(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost 等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very 等)则不能修饰动词：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very) We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very) (3) 个别的程度
副词(主要是quite 和rather)还可修饰名词( 注意词序)：It's quite [rather] a good idea. / It 's a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite 和rather 则只能放在冠词之前：It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功
六、疑问副词
1. 疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how ，who 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？When will it be ready? 这什么时候能
准备好？Why was she crying? 她刚才为什么哭？
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close 与closely
close 意思是\"近\" ；closely 意思是\" 仔细地\"。例如：
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。
Watch him closely. 盯着他。
2) late 与lately
late 意思是\"晚\" ；lately 意思是\"最近\"。例如：
You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？
3)deep 与deeply
deep意思是\"深\"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\"深深地
\"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子深深插进泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film. 老爸也被电影深深打动了。
4)high 与highly
high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于much 。例如：
The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。
I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5)wide 与widely
wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是\"广泛地\" ，\"在许多地方\" 。例如：
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
6)free 与freely
free 的意思是\"免费\" ；freely 的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如：
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。
形容词和副词的辨析
一形容词变副词的规律
a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly 变为副词。例如：careful-carefully
b.以元音加 e 结尾的单词要去 e 在加ly 。例如：true-truly
c.辅音加y 结尾的单词去y 变i 在加ly。例如：angry-angrily
d.单音节y 结尾直接加ly 。例如：shy-shyly
e.以le 结尾的单词直接将 e 变为y。例如：terrible-terribly
f.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long 。这
部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly 之后就变成其他意思的单词了。
例如：hardly 就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词
(few ，little, never, seldom, hardly ) 之一。
二形容词副词比较级的写法：
①单音节单词后+er 。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter
②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er ：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner,
fat-fatter
③双音节辅音+y 结尾去y 变i 再加er ：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-
easier, early-earlier, heavy-heavier, healthy-healthier, happy-happier
1．④ 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more：careful-more careful, beautiful-
more
2．最高级的写法：
①单音节单词后+est 。例如：tall-tallest, short-shortest
②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est：hot-hottest, big-biggest, thin-
thinnest, fat-fattest
③双音节辅音+y 结尾去y 变i 再加est：ugly-ugliest, busy-busiest,
easy-easiest early-earliest, heavy-heaviest, healthy-healthiest, happy-
happiest
④在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加most：careful-most careful,
beautiful-most beautiful 等。
三形容词和副词的比较级
1. 比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：Im' taller than you. Group
One did better than Group Two.
2. 比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。
①than ：一般用than 连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than
Mike. 其中Tom 和Mike 是比较的两部分，用than 连接他们进行比较。在
than 的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：Im' taller than any other
students in my class. 这句话中用than 连接的是I 和any other students in my class 两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学
都要高，其中any other ??是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。
②a little, much, a lot, even, still ：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa
was sick yesterday, while today she is much better.
③as+形容词或副词原形+as??：译为像??一样。例如：Mary is as
clever as Susan.Mary 像Susan 一样聪明。另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来
越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越
长了
四形容词和副词的最高级
1. 最高级的范围: 最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众
多人或事物中，其中一个"最??"。例如：My ruler is the longest of
all. 我的尺是最长的。
3．最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。
① the：一般用the 限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the 就是最高级
的主要标
志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等
限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the 。例如：He is our best teacher. 他是我
们最好的老师。②最高级后面往往用of 或in 介词短语来表示形容词的最高
级的比较范围。of 短语指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场
所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：
He is the strongest of the three. 他是三个人中身体最强壮的。
He is the strongest in our class. 他是我们班里身体最强壮的。
形容词副词练习
一．基础练习
1. If I had ＿＿＿, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3.How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ＿＿＿.
A. the better voice
B. a good voice
C. the best voice
D. a better voice
4.I would be ＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant
B. grateful
C. satisfied
D. helpful
5.Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price
of ＄19 in the shopping center.
A. regular
B. special
C. cheap
D. ordinary
6.Mr Smith bought a ＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather
B. black leather small
C. small leather black
D. black small leather
7.——How was your job interview?
——Oh, I couldn ' t feel ＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.
A. better
B. easier
C. worse
D. happier
8.Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think ＿
＿＿＿＿?
A. tastes best
B. smells most
C. sounds best
D. drinks mostly
9.——Can Li Hua help me with my English?
——I regret to tell you her English is ＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as
B. no more than
C. no better than
D. as much as
10.Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him ＿＿＿＿＿for it.
A. not so much
B. not so little
C. no more
D. no less
11.When they came in, Mr Harris ＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep
B. was sound asleep
C. got asleep
D. went to sleep
12.This year they have produced ＿＿＿grain ＿＿＿they did last year.
A. as less；as
B. as few；as
C. less；than
D. fewer ；than
13.——Can I help you?
——Well, I ' m afraid the box is ＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too
14.——How did you find your visit to the museum?
——I thoroughly
enjoy it. It was ＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so far interesting
D. a lot much interesting
15.——Would you like some wine? ——Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
A. little
B. very little
C. a little
D. little bit
16.It takes a long time to go there by train ；it' s ＿＿＿＿by road.
A. quick
B. the quickest
C. much quick
D. quicker
17.If there were no examinations, we should have ＿＿＿at school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier
time
18.I' m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ＿＿＿＿＿
trick.
A. ordinary
B. easy
C. smart
D. simple
19.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn' t
want to spend too much money on it.
A. the less expensive
B. less expensive
C. the least expensive
D. least expensive
20.＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy
B. So heavy a
C. A such heavy
D. Such heavy a 二．提高练习
1. To plant the tree, we must dig .
A. a three feet deep hole
B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep
D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've found.
A.never
B. already
C. ever
D. once
3.__ the boy ' s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as
B. What, taller than
C. How, as tall as
D. How, taller than
4.I haven ' t got __ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big
B. big enough
C. much bigger
D. many enough
5.Henry knows little of physics _ of chemistry.
A. as well as
B. no less than
C. and still more
D. and still less
6.—The dish is delicious!
—Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as
B. no worse than
C. as well as
D. no better than
7.—Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?
—Yes. You couldn't hope for at this time of the year.
A. a nice day
B. the nice day
C. a nicer day
D. the nicest day
8.It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you
A. best
B. good
C. well
D. worse
9.With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice
B. twice more than
C. as twice many
D. twice as many
10.I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice came.
A. more than
B. as many
C. as much
D. less than
11.—Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?
—It was something _ interesting.
A. far less
B. more or less
C. much more
D. any further
12.The population of many Alaskan cities has doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than
B. more than
C. as greatly as
D. as much as
13.—This is a good place for a picnic.
—Yes, it couldn't be .
A. better
B. best
C. worst
D. worse
14.—How do you like your teacher of English?
—Well, no one teaches _ here.
A. well
B. poorly
C. best
D. better
15.In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, .
A. and much of it is serious
B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious
D. more of it is serious
16.—Do you like cats?
—Of course. They are _ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than
B. more than
C. no more than
D. no better than
17.The newly-built theatre is the old one.
A. as twice big as
B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of
D. twice so big as
18.I'm afraid that your conclusion is from correct.
A. far
B. free
C. different
D. short
19.Thank you very much. It's of you.
A. kindest
B. a most kind
C. the most kind
D. most kind
20.Whoever is never _ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content
B. proud
C. praised
D. enough
参考答案
一. 1.A2.A 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D 11.B12.C13.D14.A
15.C。用 a little 表示“少许” 。
16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”
17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选
D。
18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick
“计谋，花招，诡计”。
19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”
20. B 。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“ such a heavy box”。
1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA