搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 福建省英语本科《口译与听力》自学考试大纲

福建省英语本科《口译与听力》自学考试大纲

福建省英语本科《口译与听力》自学考试大纲
福建省英语本科《口译与听力》自学考试大纲

福建省英语本科《口译与听力》自学考试大纲

一、课程性质和学习的目的

口译与听力是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段一门重要的实践课程,是基础科段中口语和听力两门课的综合与继续。本课程将在巩固基础科段所掌握的听说技能的基础上,进一步提高本科段考生的听力、口语及口译能力,以适应和满足实际工作需要。本课程从实际应用出发,紧密结合当今社会与经济发展,重点就政治、经济、社会、环境、文化等方面的内容进行训练,并在此基础上,学习常见的口译技巧和常用的难点处理方法。

语言习得一般强调五种技能,即听、说、读、写、译。五种技能中最难掌握的是“译”,因为“译”不仅对一个人的综合技能(如听说技能)提出要求,还会对一个人的综合知识面提出挑战。口译又不同于笔译,口译不仅对翻译质量有要求,对信息转达的速度也有要求。另外,笔译与口译相比,口译对考生的词汇量和反映能力要求更高,因为在口译过程中不允许译者有更多的时间思考,更没有时间去询问同行或是老师,当然也不会有时间去查阅词典或其他参考文献,因此,词汇量和知识面至关重要。所以说口译与听力是一门难度较大的课程。

由于本课程是体现语言综合素质的一门课程,因此又可以说,口译与听力是与其他英语专业课程相辅相成的。作为一门实践课程,口译与听力有赖于其他如综合英语、高级英语、口语、听力、英语国家概况、大学语文等课程的基本功。只有在掌握一定的词汇量、一定的知识面和较好的综合语言技能的前提下,才有可能具备口译的条件和能力。

本课程的目的在于通过对该课程的系统学习,并通过大量的课堂训练和不间断的社会实践,使考生了解口译的性质,掌握基本的口译技巧,能够担任一般的汉英和英汉口译任务。

二、课程内容与考核目标

本课程的指定教材为《口译与听力》(杨俊峰,辽宁大学出版社,2002)和《大学英语听力分级教程》(伍自强,福建人民出版社,2006)。口译试题以《口译与听力》教材的第二、三部分内容为依据,试题100%来源于《口译与听力》教材。听力试题以《大学英语听力分级教程》的中级和高级内容为依据,试题50%来源于《大学英语听力分级教程》教材中级部分和高级部分,30%来源于考试前半年内最新的VOA、BBC新闻以及名人演讲或访谈内容,20%来源于托福听力(不指定教材)。

《口译与听力》第二部分

口译:常规部分

课程内容:

1. 开幕式

2. 闭幕式

3. 欢迎词

4. 祝酒词

5. 大会宣言

考核目标:

掌握一般会议的口译程序,各种会议礼节性讲话,如开幕式、闭幕式、欢迎词、祝酒词、大会宣言等的常见格式及口译技巧。能迅速、流利、准确地转达发言人的讲话内容,语气、语调基本正确,用词基本得当,句法规范。

《口译与听力》第三部分

口译:专题部分

课程内容:

1. 旅游

2. 经济

3. 政治

4. 教育

5. 科技

6. 体育

7. 环保8. 工业9. 农业10. 社会热点问题11. 人口、环境与可持续发展

考核目标:

每个专题都有自己的特点,如旅游专题介绍与旅游有关的内容,其中包括历史知识、地理知识、旅游资源等。专题类的内容一般专有名词如人名地名出现频繁,学习时要有的放矢,根据不同专题的不同要求,

掌握教材中所出现的词汇、固定用法以及有关知识。能比较流利、基本准确地转达发言人的讲话内容,语气、语调、基本正确,用词基本得当,句法不出现大错误。

《大学英语听力分级教程》中级听力

第二部分主要为VOA / BBC Standard English,附有单词、练习和听力原文,适用于专科和本科段考生。

课程内容:

VOA / BBC 标准英语新闻

考核目标:

听懂并能理解接近正常语速的英语新闻(90~120单词/分钟),掌握教材内出现的词汇、语法项目、常用的口语表达方式等,能口头和笔头回答源于教材内容提出的问题。

《大学英语听力分级教程》高级听力

第三部分主要为Standard English的十分钟整点新闻和名人演讲,附有单词、练习和听力原文,适用于本科段考生。

课程内容:

A. 整点新闻

B. 名人演讲

考核目标:

听懂并能理解英语国家的人士正常语速的新闻和演讲(120~150单词/分钟),掌握教材内出现的词汇、语法项目、常用的口语表达方式等,能口头和笔头回答源于教材内容提出的问题。

三、考试大纲实施要求

高等教育自学考试是一种国家考试。它既是对社会自学者进行的学历考试,也是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的一种新的教育形式。

1. 考核内容

本课程涉及的题材广泛、内容丰富。从培养考生的语言技能方面看,该课程分为三大部分:听力理解、口语表达、语言转换;从培养考生口译技能方面看,该课程可分为两个主要部分:常规部分和专题部分。常规部分主要包括在各种常见的场合下对不同类型讲话的处理方法,如开幕式、闭幕式、祝酒词、欢迎词等;专题部分主要包括对不同内容,不同行业的专题语言的处理方法,如旅游、经济、教育、环保、政治、科技、体育、常见的社会问题等。

2. 考核目标

为了使本课程的自学考试达到标准化、规范化、科学化,本大纲在规定各部分考试内容提要的基础上,对各部分规定了考核目标。明确考核目标,可使考生进一步了解考试内容和要求,知道怎么学怎么考,更有目的、有计划地学习教材;可使社会助学单位知道应该如何组织教学,根据考生的实际水平进行辅导,使之达到既定的要求;可使命题单位正确把握试题的广度、深度和难易程度。

通过对教材的系统学习和刻苦训练,考生最终掌握教材所规定的全部内容,并能在规定的时间内完成听力和口译任务。

3. 关于命题考试的若干规定

A. 听力考试

a) 考试形式:闭卷,笔试,卷面成绩满分100分。(与口译成绩合并计算总分达120分者为合格)

b) 考试时间:40~45分钟。

c) 题型及其他:1. 三选一选择题。题干长度控制在35个单词以内,听力原文形式为独白或对白;

2. 四选一选择题。题干长度控制在35个单词以内,听力原文形式为独白或对白。

3. 判断正误题。题干长度控制在40个单词以内,听力原文形式为独白或对白:

4. 复合式听写(填空),共九空20%,前面七空每空填写四个单词,每词0.5分,共14分;后面两空每空填写一个句子,每个句子约6个单词,每词0.5分,共6分。

5. 回答问题。五个问题,每个问题2分,共10%。

B. 口译考试

a) 考试形式:闭卷,口试,不得参阅参考任何资料、任何形式的词典,卷面成绩满分100分。(与

听力成绩合并计算总分达120分者为合格)

b) 考试时间:7~10分钟。

c) 题型及其他:英译汉和汉译英均采取段落形式,口译试题可以由若干个段落组成,均来源于指定教材。段落与段落之间、句与句之间的内容可以是连贯成篇的也可以是抽选后重新组合的,但英汉互译总量应控制在500个单词之内。

d) 考试形式说明:考生和考官面对面进行个别面试,每组由2位考官组成,先考英译汉,再考汉译英。考前没有安排备考时间。

C. 试题来源及难度比例

a) 口译试题100%选自《口译与听力》(杨俊峰,辽宁大学出版社,2002)第二、三部分的教材内容。听力试题50%来源于《大学英语听力分级教程》教材中级部分和高级部分,30%来源于考试前半年内最新的VOA、BBC新闻以及名人演讲或访谈内容,20%来源于托福听力(不指定教材)。

b) 难度比例分易、较易、较难、难四档,比例为2:3:3:2。

4. 学习方法

根据考生的个人情况,学习中应该掌握以下几个环节:

1)认真学习教材。阅读教材是最基本的学习环节,是学好这门课程的第一步。阅读教材时要通读原文,理解原文的大意,然后逐句进行口译,口译时无论是汉译英还是英译汉,都要尽可能使语言地道准确,在准确的基础上再重点练习自己的反应能力和翻译速度。Comments on the Interpretation of the Text 部分也是十分关键的,通过对照原文阅读这一部分,考生可得到一些有益的启发。

2)培养广泛兴趣。口译是一门实践性强且体现综合语言素质的课程。兴趣广泛对考生可能是个有利因素。一个口译人员在工作过程中会碰到各种各样的内容或专题,如历史的、军事的、环保的话题等等。如果平时注意培养自己广泛的兴趣,多读书看报,使自己对各种事物的兴趣逐步广泛起来,工作中就会得心应手。兴趣广,不仅仅只是针对不同专题,同时也包括各个国家的文化、习俗、生活、语言等,兴趣广了,平时读的东西多了,词汇量自然也会扩大。词汇量大了,知识面广了,翻译起来就会少卡壳,少出洋相,就不会将环保专题中的gray water翻译成“灰水”,也不会将“中水”翻译成“middle water”。

3) 多听多练。口译工作做得好坏,主要取决于三个环节:input, processing, output。所谓input, 是指“听”,如果听不懂主讲人的话,后面的两个环节是无法完成的。因此平时要尽可能多地进行听的训练,包括不同语速、不同口音、不同文化背景的人所讲的话。在听的基础上,进行反应能力训练,两种语言转换训练、抗干扰训练等,这就是processing。所谓output,是指“说”,在理解源语言代码的基础上进行语码转换并将其用口语方式表达出来。在“信息接受、信息处理、信息输出”三个环节中,信息接受是基础,接受信息主要是靠听,听的质量直接影响译的质量。平时训练时,除了正常的练习以外,还要有意识的多听一些带有地方口音、怪癖语、俚语、古语、专业词语的录音。使自己真正体验到“台上一分钟,台下十年功”的滋味和快乐。

4)多总结多归纳。学习口译不像学习语法那样有固定的结构可以遵循,也不像学习口语那样多练多模仿就可以。自己讲话时自己掌握主动权,为别人翻译时译者永远处于被动地位,对将要出现的词语只能在非常有限的范围内进行预见和推测。因此,翻译人员必须善于总结经验,尤其是在口译后要及时进行总结和反省,看哪些信息是通过语言形式传递的(如词汇、句法),哪些信息是通过非语言形式传递的(如音调、神态等)。教材中每个课文后面都有Comments on the Interpretation of the Text, 这一部分有的是对语言特点的归纳,有的是对翻译方法的总结,有的是对零散的语言现象或翻译技巧进行系统化,以便加深考生的认识,因此考生要用心去学习这部分内容,并通过对这部分内容的学习,自己总结和归纳每课练习中的语言现象和翻译技巧。

5)多观察多参与。在条件可能的情况下要注意多观察现时现场翻译,从他人身上获取经验和教训,用于指导自己的口译实践。只要有机会做口译工作就不要放过,只有参与了,才能取得直接的经验。

6)努力提高汉语水平。从事翻译工作必须掌握至少两种语言,这是翻译性质所决定的。如果汉语水平低下,就很难使自己的英语水平提高到一个理想的高度。因此,考生应努力提高自己的汉语水平,同时研究汉语与英语表达方式之间的异同。

上述方法都是提高口译能力的正确途径。但无论采取哪一种方法,最终效果还取决于是否能够做到“持之以恒”。若能天天如此,长年坚持,口译能力必然会有一个飞跃。

5. 社会助学

社会助学是高等教育自学考试的必要条件,应当切实抓好。听力与口译是一门实践性很强的课程,考生需要有大量的学习机会,因此社会助学单位和教师应注意以下几项要求:

1)助学单位要把握正确的助学导向。助学单位要鼓励教师遵循自学考试大纲规定的考试内容和考核目标,认真研究指定教材,明确本课程的特点、学习范围和学习要求,对考生进行切合需要的辅导,并从学习方法上给以指导。特别要注意引导考生全面系统地掌握课程内容,不搞猜题、押题。

2)助学单位要正确处理一般和重点的关系。口译实践涉及的问题是多方面多层次的,除了正常的语言能力还需要有口译技巧和平时的知识积累,但由于条件所限,指定教材中所能够重点讨论的问题是十分有限的。因此,社会助学单位应指导考生全面系统地学习教材,在全面学习的基础上,再进行重点指导。要引导考生把全面理解和重点深入结合起来,切忌孤立地抓重点。

3)助学单位要鼓励应考者独立完成作业。虽然辅导教材提供了部分译文和答案,但不要以此为唯一标准,全面背诵,抄之了事。口译的灵活性是非常大的,很多句子可以有不同的表达方式。要鼓励应考者尽可能地发挥自己的主观能动性,注意锻炼和培养自己独立寻找答案的能力,提高自己的实际水平。

4)教师切勿揠苗助长。口译和听力两种技能都需要一个漫长的训练过程,不要让考生通过背诵参考译文应付考试,也不要单独强调英语的重要性,因为很多情况下,汉语也同等重要。在实践中可以看出,翻译人员出现问题不仅仅是因为英语水平不够,很多人汉语水平也没有达到要求,英语理解了,但找不到确切的汉语词汇,结果导致词不达意。因此教师在指导应考者学习外语的同时,也要帮助他们提高汉语水平。

5)教师要善于引导考生对自己的学习进行总结和归纳。要帮助考生找到自己的弱项和所存在的问题,包括某些专题和专业词汇的处理。在按照指定教材的总思路进行辅导的同时,教师也应该将自己的口译经历传授给考生,给他们提供一些鲜活的例子,以便对有限的课本素材进行有益的补充。教师还应该在辅导课程的同时安排专门的时间帮助考生总结经验,归纳出对他们能产生积极作用的经验,对一些有规律的东西进行系统化结构化,以增强考生的口译信心。

6)教师要注意对考生在知识面方面的和职业道德方面进行有意识的培养。口译人员应该具备广博的知识,包括政经知识、人文知识、科技知识、商贸知识、法律知识、史地知识、国际知识、民俗知识、生活常识以及具备高尚的品质,讲究外事礼仪、社交礼仪和口译规范。在口译过程中要忠实原文,不随意增减原文内容,不喧宾夺主、炫耀知识,并做到仪表端庄、举止大方、言谈得体。

四、题型举例

A.听力样卷(节选)

1. True / False Questions

Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following lecture. At the end of the lecture you will be given 100seconds to answer the following 10 questions. Mark F if the statement is false. T if it is true. Remember to mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET provided.

1. The latest figure of Canadian population is 27 million.

2. Nearly half of the Canadian land is covered by forest.

3. You don't really need a heavy coat in Vancouver even in winter.

4. The German-speaking population in Canada is larger than the Ukrainian-speaking population.

5. The less fortunate in Canada can't afford to go to a restaurant.

II. Multiple-choice Questions (3 options)

Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk, you will be given 75 seconds to answer the

following five questions. Remember to mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET provided.

1. What is the main topic of the presentation?

A. Language and learning

B. Artificial intelligence.

C. The human brain.

2. What is the model for Artificial Intelligence systems?

A. Intelligent behavior.

B. A machine.

C. The human brain.

3. What is an Artificial Intelligence system better than the human brain?

A. When there is a lot of information to remember and process.

B. When questions need to be answered.

C. When intelligent behavior is needed.

III. Multiple-choice Questions (4 options)

Questions 1 to 5 refer to the interview in this section. At the end of the interview, you will be given 75 seconds to answer the following five questions. Remember to mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET provided.

1. Which of the following statements about Professor Paulson is true?

A. he is a socialist.

B. He has written many books on social classes.

C. He has never visited any other country outside North America.

D. He is well-known in his field.

2. Why did he start his lecture with an account of history?

A. To help listener understand better.

B. To show that he has done some homework for the lecture.

C. To illustrate that he is a history.

D. To make clear that people in the past behaved differently.

3. What does the phrase “time off” mean?

A. No more time left.

B. A period of time for rest.

C. Unemployment.

D. Time set aside for celebration.

4. What does the speaker want to illustrate by the Roman example?

A. The Romans worked hard.

B. Ancient Romans were eager to be leaders.

C. Even people in the fifth century were keen on having holidays.

D. Roman civilization reached the summit in the fifth century.

IV. Compound Dictation. 20%

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 7 with 4 words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 8 to 9 you are required to fill in 6 words you have just heard.Finally, you’ll hear the whole passage again to check what you’ve written down. Please write on the Answer Sheet.

Saving money is a first step toward wealth. (1)_____ _____ _____ ______ the future also supports the

banking system. Banks need (2)_____ _____ _____ ______ to provide money for loans. In the United States, people who want to (3)_____ _____ _____ ______ have many choices. Banks, savings in loans and credit unions are traditional places (4) _____ _____ _____ ______.

Credit unions are cooperative for people who are (5) _____ _____ _____ ______. For example, the members may (6)_____ _____ _____ ______ or a government agency. Most credit unions are non-profit organizations. Savings are protected (7)_____ _____ _____ ______ if a federally guaranteed bank, savings associations or credit union ever fails. Savers have their money guaranteed up to 100,000 dollars.

Banks and other financial organizations pay interest on savings accounts. But the interest rates are low. Certificates of the deposit are another way to save. They pay higher interest rates. With a certificate of deposit, a person agrees not (8)__________________________________for a period of time. The term could be three months or it could be several years. (9) __________________________________ higher interest. People can withdraw their money early but at a cost.

V. Answer the Following Questions. 10%

Directions: Give brief answers to the following questions according to what you hear on the tape. You will listen to this item twice.

1. How many people have been killed in the bomb attack?

2. What had the nine injured policemen been called to do?

3. What happened to the second bomb?

4. What did the doctors treating the injured say?

5. Who has claimed responsibility for the blast?

B. 口译样卷

福建省高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)

200×年9月口译试卷

注意事项:

1、考生不得接触试卷;

2、考官先读全文1遍,再按篇章中的“//”划分句群让考生口译;

3、考生要在考官读完句群后10秒钟内开始口译。

一、英译汉:(50%)

When people buy stock, most do so through one of the securities exchanges or marketplaces for stocks and bonds. // These marketplaces are commonly called “stock exchange” and they provide a meeting place for both the buyer and seller. // To understand why such securities or stock exchanges are important in the purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, consider what would happen if you, and everyone who wanted to buy or sell securities, had to find your own buyer or seller. //

These exchanges are nothing more than locations where stocks are bought and sold. And since there is a common meeting place for these transactions, people interested in buying and selling go there or send their representatives. // The result is a very systematic market process, where transactions are handled in an orderly manner and the operations are both supervised and regulated by law. // In this way, the buyer or seller is ensured that the best price is secured and they are not shortchanged or cheated in any way. //

二、汉译英:(50%)

中国最后一个封建王朝清朝在承德营建了规模宏大的离宫——避暑山庄,在山庄外围又修建了12座佛教寺庙。// 清王朝前期的几个皇帝经常在这里消夏避暑,处理国家大事,进行一些重大的政治活动。因此,它实际上是清王朝的第二政治中心。// 山庄的万树园景点充满了自然野趣,园中佳木馥郁,旁衬开阔的草地。// 当年清帝常在万树园一带设野宴款待少数民族王公贵族。// 宴会后还要组织摔跤等活动,在粗犷、朴野的自然景观中显示武士的力和美。//

在避暑山庄西北240公里处有一片水草丰茂的大草原,这就是木兰围场。这里夏季适于避暑,秋季适于狩猎。// 围场东西、南北均为150公里,周长600公里,是闻名世界的皇家猎苑。//

福建省高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)

200×年9月口译试卷参考答案

一、英译汉:(50%)

人们大多是通过证券交易所或股票和债券市场购买股票的,// 这些市场通常被称作“股票交易所”,它们为买卖双方提供了一个交易场所。// 为了弄清这些证券或股票交易所在股票和债券买卖中的重要性,可以设想一下,如果每个想要买或卖股票的人都必须自己去寻找卖方或买方,那将会是怎样的情形。//

这些交易所不过是股票买卖的场所。这些交易自从有了公共场所之后,对买卖证券的人就自己到场或委托其代理人前往交易。// 一个十分系统的市场体系就形成了,在这里,交易可有序地进行,操作过程可依法得到监督管理。// 这样,买方或卖方可以确保得到最好的价格,无论如何都不会遭受欺骗。//

二、汉译英:(50%)

Qing Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in China, constructed a grand temporary abode for emperors in Chengde——the Imperial Resort, outside which 12 Buddhist temples were built. // Emperors of the early period of Qing Dynasty often spent summers here to escape the heat, deal with state affairs and organize some important political activities. Therefore, it was actually the second political center of Qing Dynasty. //

The Garden of Trees, a scenic spot in the Imperial Resort, is full of natural wild interest

with fine fragrant trees and wide meadows. // The emperors of Qing Dynasty often gave picnic feasts near the Garden in honor of the nobility of the minority nationalities. // After the feasts, such activities as wrestling were held, displaying the strength and beauty of the warriors in a rough, plain natural landscape. //

The Mulan Imperial Hunting Park is a piece of broad lush grassland 240 km northwest of 人生中最幸福的就是身体健康

the Imperial Resort. It fits for escaping the heat in summer and hunting in autumn. // It is 15 km long both from east to west and from south to north, and 600 km in perimeter. The Resort is a world-famous Imperial Hunting Park. //

2007年4月全国自考现代英语语法试题和答案

2007年4月全国自考现代英语语法试题和答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共21小题,每小题1分,共21分) to bed until 1. The general sent out word that no one in the bunker further orders.【】 A. will go B. would go C. was about to go D. was to go 答案:D 2. He violin when I want to sleep.【】 A. always plays B. play always C. is always playing D. always is playing 答案:C until yesterday.【】 3. James has just arrived,but I didn't know he A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. comes 答案:B everything else.【】 4. I only called the police when I A. tried B. was trying C. had tried D. had been trying 答案:C .【】 5. Mother wished I you what she A. didn't tell; said B. didn't tell; has said C. didn't tell; had said D. hadn't told; said 答案:D 6. Jean Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.【】

外国文学史自考大纲(2017年版)

第一章古代文学 第一节概述 识记:古希腊、罗马文学就是欧洲文化与文学得发源地 理解:古希腊罗马文学与早期基督教文学就是欧洲文学得两大源头.古罗马文学就是古希腊与后世欧洲文学之间得桥梁。古罗马文学得分期及主要代表作家作品。古希腊文学得三个分期及代表作家作品。第一部文人史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》。 理解 4、《埃涅阿斯纪》得思想内容及艺术特色。 3、“伊索寓言"; 应用:古希腊文学得特征。 第二节古希腊神话 识记:奥林波斯神系。英雄传说。 理解:希腊神话得内容与艺术价值。 应用:希腊神话得特点。 第三节荷马史诗 识记:《伊利昂纪》得主要英雄人物。《奥德修纪》得主人公. 理解:荷马史诗。 应用:荷马史诗得思想内容与艺术成就。 第四节古希腊戏剧 识记:古希腊三大悲剧作家与喜剧作家及其代表作品。 理解:古希腊戏剧得起源。古希腊悲剧与喜剧得基本特征。 应用:古希腊戏剧中得命运观念与人本思想。三大悲剧诗人对希腊悲剧得发展做出得重要贡献。 第二章中古文学 第一节概述 识记:中古各种类型文学得代表作品。 理解:教会文学;骑士文学;英雄史诗;市民文学。《罗兰之歌》。《列那狐传奇》。 应用:中古文学得主要特征与价值. 第二节但丁

识记: 1.但丁就是“中世纪得最后一位诗人,同时又就是新时代得最初一位诗人”. 2.《神曲》采用中世纪梦幻文学得形式,梦游“地狱"、“炼狱”与“天堂”. 3.诗集《新生》。 理解:《神曲》得主题思想。 应用:《神曲》得思想内容与艺术成就。 第三章文艺复兴时期文学 第一节概述 1、识记:意大利、法国、西班牙与英国文学得代表作家及其代表作品. 2.理解:文艺复兴;人文主义;流浪汉小说;大学才子派;七星诗社 3、应用:人文主义文学得基本特征;《十日谈》得思想内容;《巨人传》中得巨人形象 第二节塞万提斯 1、识记:历史剧《奴曼西亚》;短篇小说集《惩恶扬善故事集》;《堂吉诃德》中得主要人物形象,小说在文学史上得地位与影响。 2、理解:《堂吉诃德》得主题及艺术成就。 3、应用:堂吉诃德与桑丘·潘沙得形象. 第三节莎士比亚 1、识记:莎士比亚戏剧创作成就及在文学史上得地位;其历史剧、喜剧、悲剧与传奇剧得代表作;四大悲剧: 2.理解:喜剧得主题与主要特征。悲剧得主题与主要特征. 3、应用:哈姆莱特形象分析.《哈姆莱特》得思想价值与艺术成就. 第四章17世纪文学 第一节概述 1、识记:巴洛克文学得代表作家作品:“马里诺派",“贡哥拉派”;卡尔德隆与《人生如梦》.弥尔顿得《失乐园》等三首长诗;高乃依于《熙德》;拉辛与《安德洛马克》。 2、理解:“三一律”。 3、应用:古典主义文学得基本特征。 第二节莫里哀

英语口语考试试题(精华版)

北京英语口语考试试题(中级) 第一部分 Introduction and General Conversation (about 3 - 4 minutes) Good morning/afternoon! Sit down, please. (Take a seat, please./Please be seated.) What's your name? (Could you tell me your name?) * My name is Chai Qinghua . And what is your registration number (准考证号)? * My registration number is… Right. Can you hand me your mark sheet, please? (登分卡) (Can you give me the mark sheet, please?) * Here you are. Thank you. Now we are ready for the test. (Let’s begin our test.) First of all, I'd like to know something about you. Could you tell me sth. about you family (friends, work, study, hobby)? * Yes,of course. Where are you from? * I’m from Chao Yang District. How did you get here? Did it take long? * I came here by bus. It took me about an hour. Where is your hometown? (Are you from Beijing? Which part of Beijing are you from? Tell me something about your hometown. How do you like your hometown?) * Well, Beijing is my hometown. Beijing is the capital of China. It is both an ancient city and a modern city. It is also an international city. It is developing very fast. I like Beijing very much. There are many foreign companies in Beijing. So in the near future, if I want to have a job in these companies, I have to be good at English. How long have you lived in Beijing? (Have you been living in Beijing for many years?) * For about 18 years. Are you working or studying? (Are you a student? What is your job?) *I ‘am a college student . What is the name of your college? The Tongzhou college of Beijing university of technology . When did you begin to study in your present school? * I began to study here in September 2012. Is English an important course in your school? * Of course, it is a very important course in our school. Both teachers and students pay great attention to this course, because English is very important. How do you usually learn English on your own? * I often listen to English programs over the radio. * I often review what I have learnt in my English classes. What is your major(专业)? Do you like your major? Is it difficult to you? * I major is the Business Administration Management. I like my major very much. It is very interesting and practical. Some courses are easy to learn, but some are difficult.

现代英语语法 历年真题汇总2(打印版)

动词部分(第5,6,7,8章) 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1.2010040 2. My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane I’d like to take from there ______ by then. ( ) A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left 2.2010040 3. The young man who has applied for the post ______ in the general manager’s office.( ) A. is interviewing B. is being interviewed C. to be interviewed D. had been interviewed 3.2010040 4. It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. ( ) A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent 4.2010040 5. ______ for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. ( ) A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 5.2010040 6. The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it ______ out of gas.( ) A. may run B. may have run C. must run D. should have run 6.2010040 7. The teacher won’t mind ______ the term paper. ( ) A. us to delay handing in B. our delaying handing in C. our delaying to hand in D. us delay to hand in 7.20100408. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate.( ) A. have been finished B. had been finished C. having been finished D. were finished. 8.20100702. It seems that oil ____ from the tank for some time. We’ll have to take the oil tank apart to see what's wrong. () A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 9.20100703. A great deal of research _____ into the possible cures to AIDS in recent years.() A. is done B. was done C. has been done D. will be done 10.20100704. Gone ____ when the Chinese people had to struggle to make a living and to worry about lack of food all day. () A. the days B. are the days C. have the days D. the days have 11.20100705. Sometimes I wish I ____ extraordinary power to make all the impossible possible.() A. have B. had C. have had D. am having 12.20100706. I've tried several times today, but the line is always busy; someone ____ the telephone. () A. should be using B. must have been using C. must have used D. must be using 13.20100707. It's no use ______ the result of the exam; it's already finished. () A. worrying about B. to worry about C. to worrying about D. having worried about 14.20100708. With so much noise outside, the speaker had to raise his voice to have himself____.() A. hear B. heard C. to be heard D. to hear 15.20110402. The child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ( ) A. had practiced B. is practicing C. has been practicing D. practices

英语口语考试试题及完整答案

Oral Test for Grade 2013 (Band 1) Topic 1: Campus Love Directions: Some students say one of their wishes at college is to develop a romantic relationship with someone they love. Are you one of them? Create a conversation with your partner(s) and exchange your personal views on campus love. Topic 2: Communication Problems Directions: Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives. As a Chinese saying goes, understanding a girl’s mind is as hard as searching a needle under the sea. Do you think so? Do you agree that men and women speak in different styles? Are there any examples in your daily life that support your point of view? Create a conversation with your partner(s) and exchange your opinions on misunderstandings between men and women. Topic 3: Winning and Success Directions: Have a discussion with your partner(s) about winners in your eyes. Do you have your personal hero? What accounts for his/her success?

自考现代英语语法第三章翻译

现代英语语法 第三章名词、代词和数 3.0引言 简单来说,名词就是表示一个人地点事物事件或者想法的名字的词。名词是语言的重要组成部分,由名词作为主要构成要素的表达,比如a knockout,honesty和the possibility都叫做名词词组,每个名词词组有一个关键成分叫做中心词。(knockout,honesty,possibility),前面还有一个附属成分叫修饰语(a,the) 名词词组可根据外部功能和内部结构来进行分类。 典型的名词词组的结构如下,括号里的部分可能会出现,但并不是一定出现。 (前置修饰语+)中心词(+后置修饰词)。 名词词组的中心词很明显是名词或代词,可带有前置修饰语或后置修饰词,修饰语可为从字到句子的各种不同的层次,如: they people the people the old people people old and sick people in hospital all the sick people in hospital people to receive treatment people receiving treatment people who are receiving treatment etc. 在英语的实际应用中,名词词组结构的变化要受某些因素如中心词的词性、修饰词的结构及修饰词顺序的影响。 就功能而言,名词词组主要可以做主语,宾语,补语和修饰语,有的名词词组甚至可以做状语: The whole building is on fire.(主语)整个大楼都着火了。 I sold my car to my neighbour.(宾语)我把车卖给了我的邻居。 The lump in my chest has melted as I think about her display of love.(主语;宾语)一想到她的爱,我不再哽咽了。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.(主语补语)患难见真情。 You can call me John.(宾补)你可以叫我约翰。 I don't mind if you do it after school.(介词补语)我不介意你放学后是不是干这件事。 He rides a mountain bike.(修饰语)他骑了一辆山地自行车。 He was here yesterday,I'm sure.(状语)我肯定他昨天在这儿。 3.1名词分类 名词有各种各样的分类,可分为具体名词和抽象名词,也可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,还可以分为有生命的名词和无生命的名词。 名词可以根据意思和形式分类,根据意思,名词可以分为两类,专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是特定的人,地点或者事物的名称,拼写时首字母大写,普通名词则是一类人,事物或者抽象的想法的统称,普通名词又可以进一步的划分为个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。从形式上看,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有复数,并可以与数字连用,带有限定词,而不可数名词则是只有一种形式的名词,使用时可以不带限定词。

外国文学史自考试题2012版

外国文学史自考试题2012版 外国文学史试题 课程代码:00540 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项: 1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分)在每小题 列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1 .古希腊流传下来的最早一部以现实生活为题材的诗作是 A .《神谱》 B.《工作与时 日》 C.《酒神颂》 D.《胜利颂》 2 .荷马史诗《伊利昂纪》突出描写的是 A .阿喀琉斯的愤怒 B. 赫克托耳的勇敢

C. 阿伽门农的专横 D. 奥德修斯的智慧 3 .《神曲》中带领但丁游历地狱和炼狱的是 A .奥维德 B. 贺拉斯 C. 维吉尔 D. 贝雅特丽齐 4 .薄伽丘的《十日谈》在结构上采用的是 A .单线结构 B. 框形结构 C. 双线结构 D. 环形结构 5 .被誉为“西班牙戏剧之父”的剧作家是 A .马洛 B. 乔叟 C. 拉伯雷 D. 维加 6 .法国古典主义悲剧作家拉辛的代表作是 A .《安德洛玛克》 B. 《熙德》 C. 《伪君子》 D. 《诗的艺术》

世纪英国资产阶级革命文学最杰出的代表是 A .莫里哀 B. 约翰?弥尔顿 C. 高乃依 D. 约翰?班扬 世纪欧洲启蒙运动的中心是 A .英国 B. 德国 C. 法国 D. 意大利 9 .被称为法国的“莎士比亚”的浪漫主义作家是 A .夏多布里昂 B. 斯达尔夫人 C. 缪塞 D. 大仲马 世纪美国诗人惠特曼的代表作是 A .《红字》 B. 《草叶集》 C. 《白鲸》 D. 《见闻札记》 11 .巴尔扎克的《高老头》中被抛弃的贵妇是

自考现代英语语法学习笔记--名词和名词短语

名词和名词短语(2) 限定词和属格 4.1 限定词 Determiner 在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指,类指以及表示数量等限定的词。 Determiners refer to the words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase which typically precede any adj. that pre-modify the head word. 限定词和形容词区别 Difference between Determiner and Adjective 1.前置限定, 限定词在形容词前面.Determiner usually precede adj. in pre-modification. 2.限定词的选择受中心词影响而形容词不受。The choice of Determiner is determined by the head word but not that of adj. 3.形容词表明中心词的特征,而限定词限定中心词的意义数量。Adj. describe the head word by showing its characteristic while determiner determine the head word by identifying or quantifying. 4.形容词可位于中心词后,而限定词不可。 Adj. can post-modify the head word but not Determiner. 5.形容词有比较级而限定词没有(除few, little, many much 外) 。 Adj. has comparative form but not Determiner (except few, little, many much ). 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of Determiners Determiner may co-occurrence in the pre-modification of a noun phrase: two or more determiner may modify one and the same head word. Each determiner takes a fixed position , we identify their relative positions in the case of co-occurrence. 定义 考点1 定义

2016年4月全国自考《现代英语语法》真题及详解

2016年4月全国自考《现代英语语法》真题 (总分100, 考试时间90分钟) 1. Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The Niagara Falls_______long been a popular tourist destination, boosted by a number of movies. ( ) A have B having C had D haven't 答案:A 解析:山脉、瀑布、岛屿等地理名词常常被当作复数。这些名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,如the Alps,the highlands,the Himalayas,Niagara Falls等。答案为A。 2. There is nothing more wonderful in the world than swimming with a_______of fish around you. ( ) A sack B sheet C staff D school 答案:D 解析:本题考查单位名词。a school of fish一群(小)鱼,很多,a school of=a lot of。答案为D。 3. There are stores on_______sides of the square. ( ) A both B every C each D all 答案:D 解析:the square(广场)是四面的,所以排除仅指两边的both。选项B和C后跟单数名词。答案为D。 4. You have not at all read my points carefully and_______the same mistakes. ( ) A continuously repeat B continuously repeated C are continuously repeating D continuously repeating 答案:C 解析:现在进行体和表示高频率的副词always,constantly,continually,continuously,all the time等连用时,失去了表示暂时性的语义含义,而经常被用来表示一种独特的习惯。答案为C。 5. Then you will come to a level plain, in which the Nile ____ round an island named Tachompso. ( ) A flows B flow C is flowing D flowing 答案:A 解析:表示客观事实用一般现在时。句意为:然后你会来到一个平坦的平原;在那里,尼罗河环绕一座名叫Tachompso的岛屿而流。答案为A。 6. He _______ hurt last year early in the playoffs and never came back. ( ) A got B were

外国文学史自考考试大纲

西方文学 第一章古代文学 第一节概述 1、识记 古希腊、罗马文学是欧洲文化和文学的发源地 古罗马文学的分期及主要代表作家作品 古希腊文学的三个分期及代表作家作品 第一部文人史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》 2、理解 古希腊罗马文学和早期基督教文学是欧洲文学的两大源头古罗马文学是古希腊和后世欧洲文学之间的桥梁 伊索寓言 《埃涅阿斯纪》的思想内容及艺术特色 3、应用 古希腊文学的特征 第二节古希腊神话 1、识记 奥林波斯神系 英雄传说 2、理解 希腊神话的内容和艺术价值

3、应用 希腊神话的特点 第三节荷马史诗 1、识记 《伊利昂纪》的主要英雄人物 《奥德修纪》的主人公 2、理解 荷马史诗 3、应用 荷马史诗的思想内容和艺术成就 第四节古希腊戏剧 1、识记 古希腊三大悲剧作家 喜剧作家及其代表作品 2、理解 古希腊戏剧的起源 古希腊悲剧和喜剧的基本特征 3、应用 古希腊戏剧中的命运观念和人本思想 三大悲剧诗人对希腊悲剧的发展做出的重要贡献

第二章中古文学 第一节概述 1、识记 中古各种类型文学的代表作品 2、理解 教会文学 骑士文学 英雄史诗 市民文学 《罗兰之歌》 《列那狐传奇》 3、应用 中古文学的主要特征和价值 第二节但丁 1、识记 但丁是“中世纪的最后一位诗人,同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”《神曲》采用中世纪梦幻文学的形式,梦游“地狱”、“炼狱”和“天堂” 诗集《新生》 2、理解 《神曲》的主题思想

3、应用 《神曲》的思想内容和艺术成就 第三章文艺复兴时期文学 第一节概述 1、识记 意大利、法国、西班牙和英国文学的代表作家及其代表作品 2、理解 文艺复兴 人文主义 流浪汉小说 大学才子派 七星诗社 3、应用 人文主义文学的基本特征 《十日谈》的思想内容 《巨人传》中的巨人形象 第二节塞万提斯 1、识记 历史剧《努曼西亚》 短篇小说集《惩恶扬善故事集》

大学英语口语考试试题及答案

以下为爱麟霖/(Curlylin)倾情奉献,需要的朋友可以参考一下 7. Friendship (Listening and Speaking Course, Unit 3; Integrated Course, Unit 2) 1) Do you have many friends? What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why? Yes. I’d like to make friends with loyal people. In my opinion,a friend is a person who can share his/hers happiness with you, who can lend you a shoulder when you cry,who can give you a hand when you are in trouble without asking for anything in return. In a word,a friend in need is a friend indeed, I think a loyal people can do the things which were mentioned above for his/hers true friend. So I prefer to make friends with loyal people, and I also believe I am a loyal people who you can make friends with. 2) How do you make friends? Please comment on “a friend you buy isn’t worth the price”. First,I’d like to talk to him to find out whether we have the same interest with each other. If the answer is YES,then we have the foundation to develop a friendship. The next days, all we need to do is to treat each other by heart and soul. 3) How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? How can we keep friendship alive? As for me, I regard friendship as a very important part in my life.Just imagine a life,there’s no one to be your friend. What life could be if you had no friend to talk to , no friend to comfore you and cheer you up when you were having a hard time,no friend to lend you a hand when you needed help …… Life without friends is unthinkable ... We have to do hard work to build up and sustain our friendship. First, let your friends know that you really care about them.It’s important to give some cues to your friends. Be sure your friend knows that she is cared about.Second,try to be with your friends when they are in trouble when they need you. Keeping friendship alive is not only to say some sweet words,but need some real action. 4) What does friendship mean to you? What kind of friends do you think are true friends? It's a fantastic experience in whole of my life. Friendship to me is what water to fish.I can't live without a real friend. 2问见(1) 5) How can we get along well with other people? To begin with, we need to be honest with others and always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win other's respect, not to mention "friendship" . Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide[?'ba?d] by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.

自考现代英语语法Chapter 4限定词和属格要点及翻译教学文稿

自考现代英语语法C h a p t e r4限定词和 属格要点及翻译

Chapter 4限定词和属格 Chapter 4限定词和属格 (2) 4限定词和属格.................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。 4.0引言 (2) 4.1.2限定词的同现 (4) 4.1.3限定词的用法 (4) 4.1.4冠词 (6) 4.2属格 (9) 4.2.1属格的形式 (9) 4.2.2属格与of词组 (10) 4.2.3集体属格 (10) 4.2.4地点属格 (11) 4.0引言 一个典型的名词词组的完整结构可以用教材的图4.1来分析。 在名词词组中,修饰语对中心词进行描述或者分类,而限定词和属格则在限定性、数量、所属等方面上进行了明确,二者有着同等的句法地位,都是名词词组的主要成分。 限定词介绍名词词组。大多数常见的限定词都是冠词(定冠词和不定冠词),名词所有格,指示代词,以及数词,等等。一些限定词也许会以特定的形式同时出现在一个名词词组中。限定词只出现在名词词组中,不会出现在其他任何类型的词组中。 's被定义为名词词组的属格。物主限定词都是曲折了's的属格形式,这里's应该要从更广泛的意义上来理解,而不仅仅是传统意义的所有格。 属格与of词组,或者双重属格都是用于区分事物,指示所属的。他们对名词词组的指示对象或功能进行分类。

我们首先会在4.1中解释限定词的用法和功能,然后在4.2中探讨属格。 4.1限定词 什么是限定词?限定词就是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示数量等限定作用的词类。从功能上主要可分为两种,类指和特指限定词和数量限定词,它们都可以用作不定指和定指;限定词还可以根据出现的位置分为前位限定词,中位限定词和后位限定词。以前的语法不承认限定词,许多这方面的词都划分成形容词,但是限定词和形容词在许多方面不同; ⑴当限定词和形容词同时出现在名词词组中,通常的顺序是限定词在前,形容词在后。 ⑵限定词的选择受名词中心词类别的严格限制,而形容词的选择虽也受词汇意义的限制,但没有语法意义上的限制。 ⑶限定词对名词中心词表示确认或定量,而形容词作为前置修饰语则表示特征。 ⑷限定词通常只能前置,而形容词作为名词修饰语时,既可前置又可后置。 ⑸形容词有比较形式,如直接在形容词后加屈折词缀,或直接在词前加more而限定词没有。 4.1.1限定词的功能 限定词在名词词组中,主要起特指、类指或不定指数量的限定作用,都具有定指和不定指的意义。 一些限定词可根据上下文来决定,是表示类指、特指或数量。

自学考试外国文学史复习要点

《外国文学史》自考复习要点 一、名词解释 1、希腊神话:含神的故事和英雄传说两部分。特点是神人同形同性;具有浓郁的人本色彩;艺术手法浪漫夸张。马克思说“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的武库,而且是它的土壤。” 2、荷马史诗:含《伊利昂纪》、《奥德修纪》两部,相传是盲诗人荷马所作。取材于古代的特洛伊战争,主题肯定人的精神和力量,歌颂英雄。它是人类历史童年时代的杰作。 3、《旧约》:犹太教的经典,又是希伯来人的文学作品总集。全书分为律法书、历史书、先知书和诗文杂著4部分,反映了希伯来人的历史变迁、社会生活、思想情感。基督教兴起后,将之收入《圣经》中,称之为《旧约》,以区别于基督教所编写的《新约》,对后世影响巨大。 4、《新约》:基督教的正典。摩西代犹太人与上帝立约,史称旧约。耶稣通过殉难,代上帝与人立约,史称“新约”。其主要内容分为:“福音书”、“使徒行传”、“书信”、“启示录”四类。代表早期基督教文学的最高成就。 5、教会文学:欧洲中世纪盛行的正统文学,作者多为僧侣,取材于圣经,目的是宣传基督教教义。艺术手法以梦幻、象征、寓意为主。公式化、概念化严重,不代表进步文学的方向。 6、骑士文学:骑士制度的产物,分骑士抒情诗和叙事诗两种,以描写骑士爱情和冒险故事、宣扬和美化骑士精神为主,具有极强的世俗性。在法国成就最高。 7、城市文学:反映中世纪城市生活和新兴市民阶层思想的文学,取材于现实生活,采用讽刺手法来揭露封建主和教会的罪恶,赞颂市民的才智,具有反封建、反教会的特点,如《列那狐的故事》。 8、《神曲》:意大利诗人但丁的代表作,通过但丁幻游三界地狱、炼狱、天堂的故事,表达出人类在迷惘和错误中,只有通过信仰(贝亚特丽齐)和理性(维吉尔)的指引下,经过苦难和考验,到达光明、真理和至善的境地。它代表中世纪文学的最高成就,又开启文艺复兴之先声。 9、文艺复兴: 14至17世纪初欧洲新兴资产阶级反封建、反教会思想文化运动的总称。它以发现和研究古希腊罗马的文化遗产、复苏古典文化为标志,以人文主义为指导思想,试图建立起适应资产阶级需要的新思想、新文化。它开辟了欧洲历史上的新纪元,是西方近代文化的开端。 10、人文主义:文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶级反封建反教会斗争中形成的思想体系。内容是:用人权反对神权,以个性解放反对禁欲主义,用理性反对蒙昧主义,政治上拥护中央集权,反对封建割据。其中的人本思想和理性精神来自于古希腊罗马文化,其平等博爱思想来自于基督教精神。 11、七星诗社:文艺复兴时期法国第一个文学团体。以龙沙为首的七位诗人组成而得名,具贵族倾向。其宗旨是研究和借鉴古希腊罗马文学,革新法国诗歌,是人文主义文学的一部分。 12、流浪汉小说:产生于文艺复兴时期西班牙。采用人物流浪史的形式,以城市下层人物为中心,并以其角度来观察、分析社会,广泛反映现实生活。代表作是《小癞子》。 13、福斯塔夫式的背景:福斯塔夫是莎士比亚历史剧《亨利四世》中的形象。他是封建制度崩溃时期没落骑士典型,既吹牛撒谎,又幽默乐观,具有资产阶级冒险家特色。作品通过对他生活于其中的“五光十色的平民社会”的描写,为主人公的活动提供了一幅广阔的“福斯塔夫式的背景”。

相关主题