最新 中考英语阅读理解易错题经典1

最新中考英语阅读理解易错题经典1

一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）

1．阅读理解

Scrapbooking is a hobby. It was popular for more than 500 years. People called it a friendship book. They kept pictures, letters, poems and other things they wanted to remember.

Today people collect many things in scrapbooks. Some people have funny collections, like the world's most awkward ideas or pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather.

It is easy to get started. First, you should decide what you want to collect. Start with just one idea. Next, you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue. You need the scissors to cut out the pictures or stories. You need the glue to stick them to the background paper.

You can be busy and collect many things or lazy and collect few things. It'll be lots of fun to make your scrapbook and you can share it with your friends.

（1）How long was scrapbooking popular?

A. less than 500 years

B. 500 years

C. over 500 years

D. more than 550 years （2）What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "awkward"?

A. 聪明的

B. 愚蠢的

C. 美妙的

D. 残疾的（3）How many items （物品） are mentioned to make a scrapbook?

A. One.

B. Two.

C. Three.

D. Four.

（4）To make a scrapbook, what do you need first?

A. Glue.

B. Scissors.

C. A book.

D. An idea.

（5）What's the best title of the passage?

A. Scrapbooking

B. The History of Scrapbooking

C. What Is a Scrapbook?

D. How to make a Scrapbook

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了剪粘书的通途，可以保存照片、信件、诗歌和其他他们想记住的东西。

（1）细节题。根 It was popular for more than 500 years可知它流行了500多年，故选C。（2）词义猜测题。根据pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather 世界上最丑陋的狗的照片。其他人可能会收集坏天气的故事可知awkward指愚蠢的，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue 你需要一本背景纸、剪刀和胶水的书可知3种物品被提到制作剪贴簿，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据 First, you should decide what you want to collect. 可知要制作剪贴簿，你首先需要，故选D。

（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了剪粘书的通途，可知 Scrapbooking适合做标题，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解

Once there was an emperor. He had a beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a little nightingale（夜莺） singing very beautifully.

One day, the emperor heard about this little bird's beautiful voice. He asked his guards to bring her to him. When the emperor heard the nightingale's voice, he said, "Put her in a golden cage, so she can stay and sing for me whenever I want to hear her."

The little bird was so unhappy about being kept in the cage that she stopped singing one day. The emperor was very angry. He ordered the scientists in his palace to make a robot bird for him. The bird could sing very beautifully too. The emperor was pleased.

Soon the robot bird became old. It no longer sang beautiful songs. Just at that time, the emperor was ill and he became very weak. One morning, while lying in bed, the emperor wanted it to sing once again. But the robot bird could not sing any more. Suddenly, the nightingale landed on the window. She began to sing her most beautiful song. The emperor was very happy! He became better and better each day.

After the emperor was well, he changed a lot and became kind to his people. From then on, all his people cherished（爱戴） him for his love and kindness.

（1）Why did the little bird stop singing?

A. Because she was ill.

B. Because she was not free.

C. Because she was hungry.

D. Because she was too excited.

（2）What made the emperor become better and better?

A. The robot's beautiful voice.

B. His men's voice.

C. The little bird's nice dance.

D. The little bird's beautiful song.

（3）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. A little nightingale lived in the emperor's beautiful garden.

B. The nightingale went on singing songs for the emperor after she was kept in a cage.

C. One day, the robot bird was broken and it couldn't sing.

D. The emperor gave up listening to songs after he got sick.

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. If we keep a bird, we can enjoy the beautiful songs.

B. Don't make a robot because it can get broken easily.

C. A bird can help people get away from illness.

D. If we are kind to someone, he or she will be also kind to us.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了国王因为小夜莺动听的歌声把小鸟关在笼子里，结果小鸟难过不再唱歌，国王让科学家做了一只机器小鸟，一天机器小鸟也不唱歌了，国王病了，原来的小鸟唱了最动听的歌，国王变得越来越好了，并且变得对他的人民友好了。

（1）细节题。根据The little bird was so unhappy about being kept in the cage that she stopped singing one day.可知小鸟被关在笼子里不高兴，所以停止唱歌，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据Suddenly, the nightingale landed on the window. She began to sing her most beautiful song. The emperor was very happy! He became better and better each day.可知小鸟动听的歌曲让国王好起来，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据In the garden, there was a little nightingale（夜莺）singing very beautifully.可知小夜莺住在花园里，故选A。

（4）细节题。根据全文可知国王在小夜莺的帮助下慢慢好起来，最终对人民友好，所以我们可以学到如果我们对他人友好，他人也会对我们友好，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

3．阅读理解

Humans have learnt many things from nature. These things have helped us in our daily life. The latest thing is self-repairing clothing.

Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing. It works with materials such as cotton, linen and wool. The scientists are from the Naval Research Office and Pennsylvania State University in the USA. Scientists Dr Walter Dressick and Dr Melik Demirel looked at how a squid can cling on to things so well. The research team found a protein in the rings of teeth that cover the suckers on a squid. The protein is similar to the one found in the silk that spiders use to make spider webs. It is very strong and elastic.

The new protein has been developed as part of a coating, which is put on clothes. When the coating is dipped in water, the area around the rip or tear joins together in less than a minute. This could help clothes last longer and save money for us. It could also be useful for military and survival clothes. People like soldiers and mountaineers would be safer if they had clothes that could be repaired quickly and easily. Professor Demirel spoke about the invention. He said," The coatings are thin, less than a micron, so they wouldn't be noticed in everyday wear." Then he added, "Even thin, they increase the overall strength of the material. For the first time, we are making self-healing textiles."

（1）From what have humans learnt a lot？

A. Books.

B. Nature.

C. Scientists.

D. Clothing.

（2）What is NOT needed for the self-repairing clothes to fix themselves？

A. Tears.

B. Cotton.

C. Sewing.

D. Glue.

（3）What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined words "is similar to"？

A. 与……相同

B. 与……不同

C. 与……相似

D. 与……一样（4）The passage is about .

A. the new protein

B. the coating

C. humans

D. the spider

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了最新的发明——自我修复衣服。

（1）细节题。根据Humans have learnt many things from nature.人类已经从大自然里学了许多东西，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing.可知是不需要缝，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据句子可知这种蛋白质与蜘蛛用来制作蜘蛛网的丝中的蛋白质相似。be similar to，和……相似，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据The new protein has been developed as part of a coating，可知主要讲了新型蛋白质，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

4．阅读理解

The village of Hengly was going to have the Bean Olympics. It was a competition to see which kind of bean would grow the fastest and the tallest. Everybody was excited. They couldn't wait to show their best plants.

Cassie knew clearly which bean she would choose for the competition, for her family had planted a special "family bean" .It was a flat bean that her great-grandparents had brought from Sicily. Her grandmother planted the beans every year and served them at many meals. Cassie was sure they would be unbeatable beans.

However, the plan did not work out that way. Although Cassie's bean plants looked healthy with beautiful purple flowers, they did not grow as fast or climb as high as any of her neighbours. These people chose beans from seed（种子）shops. Their beans had wonderful names like "Rocket "or" Top Crop". One type was even named "King's Bean". That was the bean Ivan planted, and his plants climbed almost to the top of the fence. Cassie's plants were just near the middle of the fence.

On the day of the competition, Cassie was disappointed that her beans were in last place. Ivan laughed at her beans and said she could win a prize for the slowest, shortest bean.

The organizer, Mr Williams, handed out medals for the fastest-growing and the tallest bean plants." Now there remains only one final test, and it is just as important: the taste test."

Mr Williams cooked the beans from each competitor and chose five experienced villagers as judges（裁判）.

Cassie was nervous. Would her family beans lose another time？

After the judges tasted the beans, Mr Williams counted the results.

"We have a winner, "Mr Williams announced." The judges all agree that Cassie's beans are the winner."

Cassie grinned at this unexpected result. Many of her neighbours, even Ivan asked for her seeds. They were all in favour of the good-tasting beans even though they didn't grow fast or very tall.

（1）Cassie's beans were from .

A. the organizer

B. seed shops

C. her neighbours

D. her family

（2）Cassie won the prize for.

A. the tallest beans

B. the most delicious beans

C. the most beautiful beans

D. the fastest-growing beans

（3）What does the underlined word "grinned" probably mean in the passage？

A. smiled widely.

B. left silently.

C. nodded quickly.

D. sang sadly.（4）What is the topic of the passage？

A. The experience of growing beans.

B. The tallest bean in the competition.

C. The history of a special family bean.

D. The bean competition in Hengly Village.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了利村要举办豆豆奥运会。这是一场竞赛，看哪种豆子长得最快、最高。大家都很兴奋。他们迫不及待地要展示他们最好的植物。

（1）细节题。根据for her family had planted a special "family bean"科学Cassie的豆子是家人种的，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据They were all in favour of the good-tasting beans even though they didn't grow fast or very tall.他们都喜欢味道好的豆子，尽管它们长得不快也不高，可知豆子是美味的，故选B。

（3）推断题。根据The judges all agree that Cassie's beans are the winner.可知Cassie的豆子是获胜者，所以Cassie是高兴的，即咧嘴笑，smiled widely，故选A。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了利村要举办豆豆奥运会。这是一场竞赛，看哪种豆子长得最快、最高。大家都很兴奋。他们迫不及待地要展示他们最好的植物。故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

5．阅读理解

This year the US will honour（纪念）one of the country's most famous writers-Mark Twain （1835-1910）.Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name "Mark Twain" came from?

The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. "Mark Twain" was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms（6 feet）deep. "Twain" is an old-fashioned way of saying "two". Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi （1883）.

The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works-who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（1884）.

With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he

would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.

On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.

The gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer（1876）and its follow-up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call "The Great American Novel".

The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.

（1）What does the underlined word "gift" mean in the passage?

A. Twain's talent for self-teaching.

B. Twain's "local colour" writing style.

C. Twain's good sense of humour.

D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.

（2）According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?

A. The deep social meaning.

B. The exciting life experiences.

C. The special way that Huck talks.

D. The nice view of the Mississippi.

（3）Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, "Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect."?

A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2.

B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3.

C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4.

D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.

（4）What is the passage mainly about？

A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.

B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.

C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.

D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。

（1）推断题。根据Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.可知吐温以一种被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，因为它显示了对当地人及其风俗习惯的深刻了解，所以gift指的是吐温的被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself.他书中最惊人的发明是哈克自己的声音，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories.可知马克吐温学历低，并不是来自你期望的作家背景，故选C。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

6．阅读理解

What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you should follow. But always remember to look for medical care after first aid（急救） if the wound is serious.

Broken bones（骨头）: Take away clothing from the wound, Use an ice pack. Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.

Animal bites（咬伤）: Wash the bite area with soap and water. Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area with a bandage and take the person to hospital. Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is, so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once.

Fainting（昏厥）: Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little. Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall, Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air. Clean the person's face with a cool cloth.

Nosebleeds: Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted（倾斜） forward a little, Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Pinch（捏） the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.

（1）What should we do first when an animal bite happens?

A. Put an ice pack on the wound.

B. Wash the bite area with soap and water.

C. Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth.

D. Take the injured person to the hospital.

（2）When dealing with the problems of ____________, we shouldn't move the hurt. A. broken bones and animal bites B. animal bites and nosebleeds

C. broken bones and fainting

D. fainting and nosebleeds

（3）Which of the following is NOT right when a boy's nose bleeds?

A. Let his head not tilt back.

B. Let his head tilt forward a little.

C. Let him sit up.

D. Pinch his nose for less than 10 minutes.

（4）Which part of a magazine may the passage come from?

A. Lifestyle.

B. Health.

C. Sports.

D. Education.

（5）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. First aid for some accidental wounds.

B. Steps of looking for medical care.

C. Advice on ways not to get hurt.

D. Ways to ask for help in getting hurt.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了四种意外伤害的急救知识。

（1）细节题。根据Animal bites（咬伤）: Wash the bite area with soap and water.可知动物咬伤时用肥皂和水清洗，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据Broken bones（骨头）: Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.和Fainting（昏厥）: Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall可知当骨折和昏厥时不要移动伤者，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Pinch（捏） the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.可知当流鼻血时捏鼻子更低的部分至少10分钟，而不是整个鼻子，故选D。

（4）推断题。根据全文可知讲了意外伤害的急救，所以可能来自健康部分，即health，故选B。

（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了四种意外伤害的急救知识，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

Charity Walk in 2017

Sunday 18th June 2017

10:00 am- Register（登记）

10:30 am- -Walk Begins

18th~24th June

Venue（场地）: Baddesley Clinton House B930DQ

Walk registration fee（登记费用）:

Adults: $5 （on the day $ 7）

Children: $3 （on the day $4）

Under 5 years old: free

By paying the registration fee you will be able to enter Baddesley Clinton

House and grounds for free （normally BRM/DAY $10.45~ $11. 50 for

adults and $5. 15~ $5.70 for children）

Pets welcome on the walk but they cannot enter the house and gardens.

If you are interested in taking part, please call Michael at 0121 788 1143 or email centre@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b57313703.html,. You can also visit our website https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b57313703.html, to register and pay online.

Registered Charity No: 2092613 Email: centre@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b57313703.html,

A. a website

B. a storybook

C. a novel

D. a game show

（2）The walk will begin ______________.

A. on June 19th

B. on June 24th

C. at 10:00 am

D. at 10:30 am （3）If two kids above 5 years old register in advance（提前）, and their mother registers on the day, they will pay ______________.

A. $15

B. $13

C. $11

D. $7

（4）After registration, a kid should pay ______________ to enter Baddesley Clinton House and grounds.

A. nothing

B. $5. 15

C. $5.70

D. $10.45

（5）From the poster, we can learn the following EXCEPT that ______________.

A. the walk is 35km in total

B. you can make a call to register

C. pets can enter the house and gardens

D. the charity walk is from June 18th to 24th

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些广告信息。

（1）细节题。根据You can also visit our website https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b57313703.html, to register and pay online.可知海报可能来自网站，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据10:30 am--Walk Begins，可知在上午10点半开始，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据Adults: $5 （on the day $ 7）Children: $3 （on the day $4）可知孩子提前支付是每人3美元，两人用6美元，大人不提前支付，在那天支付是7美元，，所以一共是13美元，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据By paying the registration fee you will be able to enter Baddesley Clinton House and grounds for free可知支付登记费用后，可以免费进入Clinton House and grounds，故选A。

（5）细节题。根据Pets welcome on the walk but they cannot enter the house and gardens.可知宠物不能进入房子和花园，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

8．阅读理解

The word, "photography", was first used in 1839. It comes from the Greek words that mean "to write with light". But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story.

Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly（确切地）whether all four of a horse's hooves （蹄）left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn't think so.

At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse's legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $ 25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn't give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续） of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse's hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running.

Though Edison is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison's invention.

（1）The underlined word "static" in Paragraph 1 most probably means .

A. pretty

B. dark

C. moving

D. still

（2）What did Leland Stanford make a bet with his friend about?

A. Whose horse ran faster.

B. Whether a horse would fall over while running.

C. Whether it was possible for scientists to make moving pictures.

D. Whether a horse's hooves all left the ground at the same time while running.

（3）Muybridge finally found the exact answer to the bet in .

A. 1839

B. 1872

C. 1878

D. 1889

（4）The passage mainly tells us .

A. that Thomas Edison created the first movie

B. that Eadweard Muybridge created the first static pictures

C. how photography helped people know more about animals

D. how Eadweard Muybridge got pictures of motion（移动） successfully

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge拍到移动的照片的故事。（1）词义猜测题。根据下文 So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that

can move. 所以科学家很努力地尝试找到让照片动起来的方法，可知以前的照片是静止的，static意为still“静止的”。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly（确切地） whether all four of a horse's hooves（蹄） left the ground at the same time when it was running. 可知，Leland Stanford和朋友打赌马在奔跑的时候是不是四只马蹄都离地。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续）of 12 photos. 可知，直到1878年，Muybridge ，才设法拍到连续的12张照片。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Eadweard Muybridge拍到移动的照片的故事。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

9．阅读理解

The Big Wheel

New ride opens on May at Adventure Park

See all the city from it

Tickets on said at the par k entrance Adults: $ 3.50

Under 16 s: 2.50Future World

The amazing new computer game

On sale from next week in computer shops and supermarkets

For 2~4 players

Only $ 35!

Jeep Rides

In the desert

Tuesday and Saturday

2:00 p. m till 6:00 p. m.

$17.50 per person

Children must be ever 12 years old Tel: 321703

Competition Young singer of the Year York Concert Hall

May 29

Win a guitar!

Singers must be under 16

Want to know more? Call or text 998456

Teen Voice

The new magazine for teenagers $ 2 Interesting stories and pages of fashion and music

On sale every week

Go to www.teenvoice. com Top Two Books this Month

Forest Street by Alan Banks and Best Bike Ride by

Kim Jams

Order before April 10 for a special price for both

books — $ 20

www. booksalot. com

A. go to www.teenvoice. com

B. go to www.booksalot. com

C. call them at 321703

D. call or text 998456

（2）Tom wants to play computer games with his friends, what wilt he choose?

A. Then Voice.

B. Future World.

C. Best Bike Ride

D. Forest Street.（3）Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Best Bike Ride is written by Kim Jams.

B. The new magazine for teenagers is on sale every week.

C. Eleven-year-old David is allowed to drive a jeep in the desert on Tuesday.

D. Paul and Tina are going to the Big Wheel with theirs 4-year-old son, they should pay $ 9.50 for the tickets.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了六则广告的一些信息。

（1）细节理解题。根据表格四句子Competition Young singer of the Year，York Concert Hall，May 29，Win a guitar!，Singers must be under 16，Want to know more？Call or text 998456．年轻歌手比赛，纽约音乐厅，5月29日，赢得一个吉他，歌手必须在16岁以下，想知道更多？打电话或者发短信998456。可知可以打电话或者发短信998456。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据表格二句子Future World，The amazing new computer game未来的世界，神奇的新电脑游戏。可知汤姆想和他的朋友们玩电脑游戏。应该买未来的世界。故选B。

（3）细节判断题。根据表格三句子Children must be over 12 years old．儿童必须超过12岁。可知11岁的大卫被允许驾驶一辆吉普车在沙漠中行驶是错误的。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Hover Camera

Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight （一夜成名）because of the invention.

Forget selfie sticks（自拍杆）! Compared with other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.

*It can fly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.

*It can be controlled by using a smartphone.

*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.

*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.

Mr. Wang also said, "The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. It's .very light and small. It can be folded（折叠） in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own. "

It's reported that the company has raised $ 25 million to produce it. Hover Camera can be bought now. The price is $ 599.

（1）Hover Camera can.

A. swim in the water

B. fly in midair

C. change its weight

D. be used as a phone （2）The underlined word "track" means "___________".

A. pull

B. follow

C. push

D. show

（3）According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to take?

A. Because it's light and small.

B. Because it can be folded in three.

C. Because it doesn't need power.

D. Because only a smartphone can make it land.

（4）Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. How can we control Hover Camera?

B. When can we buy Hover Camera?

C. How much is Hover Camera?

D. How popular will Hover Camera be?

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一种可以飞到半空中并悬浮在那的相机。

（1）细节题。根据文中列举的好处中的第一条 It can fly and stay in mid-air，可知它可以飞到半空中并悬浮在那，故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据文中列举的好处中的第一条track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture，追随着你的脸，甚至会跟随你，以确保它得到了完美的照片，故可知track词义与follow相近，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据倒数第三段Mr. Wang also said，"The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. It's very light and small．王先生说："这个主要的考虑是使用者携带它的时候很容易也很安全，很轻而且小巧，故选A。

（4）细节题。A选项：根据文中列举的好处中的第二条It can be controlled by using a smartphone，它能被智能手机所控制，故排除A．B选项：根据倒数第二段Hover Camera can be bought later this year它可以在年底购买，故排除B,C选项：根据倒数第一段But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600，可知价格也有被提到，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

11．阅读理解

Barry is having a very difficult time in his life. His wife recently passed away. He is very sad.

Barry's neighbor, a very old woman named Gertrude, sees him from her yard one day. She has not seen him outside for days!

"Hello, Barry! Just look at this fence. It is broken. You are a strong man, and you have some free time. I want you to fix this fence for me," Gertrude says.

Barry is angry. He thinks the old lady is very selfish. Still, he knows she is a nice woman, and he respects her. He agrees to help her.

Barry works for days. Gertrude brings him lemonade while he works. When he finishes, he smiles for the first time in months.

"You did such a wonderful job. Do you think you could paint it for me?" Gertrude smiles at him. Barry cannot believe his ears. Doesn't she know how sad he is? But because he respects her so much, Barry agrees. He works hard in the hot sun, but Gertrude's lemonade and encouragement are wonderful. He feels proud of the beautiful fence he is making.

Over the next few weeks, Gertrude keeps giving Barry jobs. He even repairs her door. All the neighbors pass by and tell Barry what a beautiful job he has done.

He finally realizes that she has never been rude. She is really very wise. He knows that simply getting busy with something can take sorrow away. He helps her, but she truly saves him.

（1）Why does Barry agree to help Gertrude to fix the fence?

A. Because he thinks Gertrude is too old.

B. Because he has some free time.

C. Because he is strong enough.

D. Because he respects her.

（2）Barry does a lot for Gertrude, but he doesn't ________ for her.

A. repair the door

B. fix the fence

C. paint the fence

D. buy lemonade （3）What does the underlined word "sorrow" mean in Chinese?

A. 愤怒

B. 遗憾

C. 悲伤

D. 喜悦（4）From the text, we can learn that Gertrude is ________.

A. selfish and rude

B. kind but rude

C. nice and wise

D. friendly but selfish

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章中介绍了一个叫巴里的男子丧妻，非常难过，他的邻居是一位老太太，为了让他从痛苦中解脱出来，就让巴里为她干一些家务活，通过不断地干活与交流，巴里从悲伤中解脱出来，同时感受到到邻居的爱心与良苦用心。

（1）细节理解题。根据Still, he knows she is a nice woman, and he respects her. He agrees to help her at last.可知Barry非常敬重这位老太太，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据I want you to fix this fence for me；Do you think you could paint it for me?以及He even helps repairing her door.可知Barry为老太太修门，篱笆以及在篱笆上画画，但是没有买柠檬水，故选D。

（3）词义推断题。根据 His wife recently passed away. He is very sad. 可知Barry很悲伤，但是他的邻居Gertrude，通过让Barry忙碌起来的方式，让Barry忘记自己的悲痛，因此sorrow意为“悲伤”故选C。

（4）理解归纳题。由文章内容可知Gertrude是一个友善明智的人。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

12．阅读理解

I'm sure most people like music. Music can not only bring us wonderful enjoyment, but also bring us happiness when we are tired or sad. And many people have the habit of enjoying music when they are free. But to our surprise, one English school allows children to listen to music or even to have the TV on while they are studying, and they find it is helpful to improve the students' grades.

According to a research at Millfield School in the UK, around 20% of teenagers work better with background music, and 10% excel when allowed to finish their work with short walks around the room while up to 80% can concentrate （集中注意）better if allowed to play with a small object.

The research has made the school use a very new way, encouraging students to discover which learning styles suit them best, and then do their homework listening to music or even lying down. Some parents don't believe, .but many are now accepting it at home where children are allowed to do their homework with the television on.

"I prefer to work on the floor with music on," said Sam, a 13-year-old boy." At first my parent thought I didn't study hard, but my teacher asked them to look at my homework and when they saw it was OK, they agreed at last."

（1）What advantage of music hasn't been mentioned in the passage?

A. Music can bring us enjoyment.

B. Music can bring us happiness.

C. Music can make people excited.

D. Music can help to improve students' grades.（2）What does the underlined word "excel" probably mean?

A. It means "be good at doing something".

B. It means "do badly in doing something".

C. It means "give up doing something".

D. It means "play with something".

（3）Which of the following is true?

A. The research was done in the USA

B. One fifth of the students can work better with background music.

C. 20% can concentrate better if allowed to play with a small object.

D. No parents accept the idea.

（4）What can you infer form the passage?

A. The students at Millfield School are against the new idea of allowing children to listen to music.

B. More and more parents will allow children to listen to music while doing homework.

C. The new idea will spread all over the world.

D. More and more children will realize the importance of working hard.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲了研究发现音乐有助于提高学生成绩。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Music can not only bring us wonderful enjoyment, but also bring us happiness when we are tired or sad.及they find it is helpful to improve the students' grades，可知文章提到的音乐的优点有给我们带来美妙的享受、欢乐及提高学生成绩，没有提到Music can make people excited音乐可以让人兴奋，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据下文while up to 80% can concentrate better if allowed to play with a small object，而80%的青少年在玩小东西的时候可以更好地集中精力，可知上文是10%的青少年被允许完成工作时在房间里散散步表现突出，excel表现突出，擅长，故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据According to a research at Millfield School in the UK，可知研究是在英国，A错误；根据around 20% of teenagers work better with background music，大约20%的青少年伴随着背景音乐学习更好，20%即五分之一，B正确；根据80% can concentrate better if allowed to play with a small object，可知是80%不是20%，C错误；根据Some parents don't believe, .but many are now accepting it at home where children are allowed to do their homework with the television on，可知一些家长接受了这个观点，D错误，故选B。（4）推理判断题。根据Some parents don't believe, but many are now accepting it at home where children are allowed to do their homework with the television on，可知越来越多的父母会允许孩子边听音乐边做作业，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，可以根据题目要求，去文章找到关键信息，并进行理解判断。

13．阅读理解

Bradford City Matters

Welcome to the winter edition（版） of City Matters.

"Don't Drop It; Stop It!"

Put rubbish in your wheelie bin（有轮大垃圾筒）.

You must put your rubbish in your wheelie bin to keep your environment clean. Don't pile your rubbish up（堆放） in your house or garden-use a wheelie bin or one of our larger bins.

You can buy a wheelie bin from our Waste Management Section at 01943 874122.

You can tell us about mice or rubbish in your area by phoning our Public Health Unit at 01943 874146.

▲

Did you know that you can get a 50 fine（罚款） for dropping rubbish on the streets? Our Council officers are on the streets of Bradford looking for people who drop rubbish. They will fine people who drop litter. This is part of our "Don't Drop It; Stop it!" campaign（运动）.

Don't fill your bin-recycle.

Just think how full your bin gets over the holidays.

To reduce your waste:

Say "no" to unwanted bags.

Take your own bags to the supermarket or reuse old ones.

Get your free shopping bag from our Advice Center.

Recycle your waste.

Take bottles to your local recycling center.

Buy recycled things.

Cards and paper are good examples.

Our competition winners

As part of our "Don't Drop It; Stop It!" campaign, community groups from the north, south, east and west of the city-500 volunteers-entered our competition to clean up their area. The goal was to make the city cleaner for those who live, work, shop or play there.

The four winners were: High Trees Parent Group, South Bradford Community Project, The Bridge Community Association and Forest Youth Group.

（1）If you have a problem with mice in your area, you can call .

A. 01943874122

B. 01941824146

C. 01943874146

D. 01941824122（2）Which of the following can be put into ▲ ?

A. Dropping rubbish can be expensive.

B. Many people take their bags when shopping.

C. Piling rubbish up in your garden is a bad habit.

D. Our Council officers will help you when you're in trouble.

（3）From the Advice Center, you can get .

A. two wheelie bins

B. a free young tree

C. a free shopping bag

D. some recycled paper

（4）What do we know about the competition?

A. There were five winners.

B. It was held in the spring.

C. It failed to reach its goal.

D. 500 volunteers took part in it.

（5）Where might you see this material?

A. In a storybook.

B. In a health report.

C. In a travel magazine.

D. In a local newspaper.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了一种活动“Don't Drop It；Stop It”同时告诉我们了

采取哪些方法才能使人们少扔垃圾甚至不乱扔垃圾。

（1）细节理解题，根据You can tell us about mice or rubbish in your area by phoning our Public Health Unit at 01943 874146. 可知，要是你住的地方有了老鼠，你应该拨打01943 874146这个电话。故答案是C。

（2）信息匹配题，根据Did you know that you can get a 50 fine（罚款）for dropping rubbish on the streets? 可知，乱扔垃圾的代价是很大的。故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据Get your free shopping bag from our Advice Center.可知，在服务中心可以免费领到购物袋。故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 As part of our "Don't Drop It; Stop It!" campaign, community groups from the north, south, east and west of the city-500 volunteers-entered our competition to clean up their area. 可知，一共有500名志愿者竞赛。故答案是D。

（5）细节理解题，根据 Welcome to the winter edition（版） of City Matters. 可知，这是一张报纸的版面。故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解题，本题涉及到了细节理解题和信息匹配题两种题型，细节理解题比较简单，只要细心阅读，都可以从文中找到答案。信息匹配题需要联系空缺部分的前后文，确定与短文意思相关联的句子。

14．阅读理解

Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.

People are surprised to hear this." They think, I don't need to drive, and the business doesn't need to build a store, so there will be less pollution," says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. "But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution."

In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997."Online shopping could have similarly harmful results," says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.

Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use

much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. When people buy a lot of different things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane.

Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips required to sell one pair of shoes.

"If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop," says Prost. "People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait?" Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may make people shop more carefully." Online shopping is fast and easy, "says Prost," but we can't forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment."

（1）The passage begins with several questions to .

A. introduce the main topic

B. describe online shopping

C. show the writer's opinion

D. list advantages of shopping

（2）What is the passage mainly about?

A. The Internet is not good to the environment.

B. Online shopping causes more air pollution.

C. Online shopping is bad for the environment.

D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.

（3）Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful?

A. Large products need more packing materials.

B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years.

C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products.

D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store.

（4）What is probably the best title of the passage?

A. A Good Deal to Make

B. A Different Lifestyle to Keep

C. A Cleaner Way to Shop

D. A New Business to Start

（5）Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage?（P=Paragraph）

A.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物。

（1）意图判断题，根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment. 可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. 可知，网上购买的产品的包装浪费了大量的包装材料，故答案是A。

（4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物，故答案是C。

（5）篇章结构题，通过阅读发现第一二段是独立的，接下来的三段是并列部分对于第二

中考化学易错题(含答案)

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初中化学易错题---酸碱盐 一、选择题 1、关于物质的用途，下列说法不合理的是（） A、稀盐酸用于除铁锈 B、碳酸氢钠用于治疗胃酸过多 C、干冰用于人工降雨 D、氢氧化钠固体用于干燥二氧化碳 【解析】本题考查了物质的用途，能与氢氧化钠反应的物质不能用氢氧化钠干燥，故答案为D。 【易错点点睛】物质的用途是由其性质所决定的，A中稀盐酸可以与铁锈反应生成易溶于水的物质故可以，B中碳酸氢钠可与盐酸反应，且碳酸氢钠不具有腐蚀性故可以用于治疗胃酸过多,C中干冰升华吸热是常用的制冷剂，D中氢氧化钠可作干燥剂，但是能与二氧化碳反应,故不可以干燥二氧化碳，所以答案为D。学生往往只记住氢氧化钠能做干燥剂，而忽略其做干燥剂的范围而造成错选。 2．实验测得下列四种溶液的pH如下图所示： 其中溶液呈碱性的是（） A．稀硫酸B．碳酸C．碳酸钠溶液 D．氯化钠溶液 【解析】碳酸钠溶液的P H＞7故呈碱性，答案为C 【易错点点睛】熟悉酸碱性与酸碱度的关系，此题以数轴的形式考查了常见的物质稀 H2SO4、H2CO3、NaCl 、Na2CO3溶液的酸碱性与PH的关系，H2SO4、H2CO3 PH<7，因而为酸性物质，NaCl PH=7，因而呈中性，Na2CO3PH>7，因而呈碱性，故答案为C，学生往往因为记不住酸碱性与酸碱度的关系而造成错选。 3、下列两种物质的溶液混合后，能发生反应，且溶液的总质量不会发改变的是（） A.氢氧化钠溶液和稀盐酸 B.碳酸钠溶液和稀盐酸 C.氯化钠溶液和稀硫酸 D.碳酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液 【解析】熟练掌握物质之间反应后生成物的状态,抓住题目要求能发生反应，“溶液”质量不变，答案为A 【易错点点睛】此题考查的是酸碱盐之间的反应与溶液质量的变化，此题答案应符合两个条件，一是物质间发生反应，二是溶液总质量不变，溶液总质量不变即要求物质反应后不能生成气体或沉淀，A中氢氧化钠溶液和稀盐酸反应无气体或沉淀生成，故符合条件，B中碳酸