中考英语专题06 被动语态(解析版)

专题6 被动语态

本章节内容 1.被动语态的基本形式

2.不同时态的被动语态

3.被动语态的技巧指导

4.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况

5.被动语态在句子中运用

一、被动语态的基本形式

一、被动语态的结构

被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。

二、常用被动语态的情况

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。

3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)

4.动作的发出者是物。

Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。

二、不同时态的被动语态

1.时态和语态的结合是河北中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。

时态被动语态例句

一般现在时am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us.

一般过去时was/were+done The kite was made by him.

一般将来时will/shall+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

2.其他时态的被动语态

时态被动语态例句

现在完成时 have/has+been done The work has been finished by Jim.

过去完成时had+been done The work had been finished by Jim by last week. 现在进行时

am/is/are+being

done

The flowers are being watered by her.

过去进行时

was/were+being

done

A letter was being written by her.

过去将来时would/be going

to+be

done

He said a kite would be made by him.

3.含有情态动词的被动语态

结构为“情态动词+be+done”。

Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。

三、被动语态的技巧指导

（1）根据选项定考点

单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。

（2）根据时态选答案

首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。

对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。

如：—Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony.

—I ___ as the captain of the school football team.

A. choose

B. chose

C. am chosen

D. was chosen

方法点拨第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。

四、常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况

（1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see) sb. do sth.→sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。

We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.

→The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.

晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。

（2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：make sb. do s th.→sb. be made to do sth.。

主动结构表示被动意义的情况

（1）动词open, read, sell, write等作不及物动词, 且它们的主语为物时。如：

The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。

（2）某些连系动词（如smell, look, taste, feel, sound等）描述某物特性时。如：

This kind of flower smells sweet. 这种花闻起来很香。

（3）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义。

①be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。如：

This movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。

②“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”, to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如：

Your car needs washing.= Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车该洗了。

根据汉语意思完成句子

1.This kind of pants well.这种裤子卖得好。

2.That story interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。

3.This book is worth .这本书值得读。

4.My watch needs . 我的表需要修理。

5.This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上八点开门。

【答案】1.sells 2.sounds 3.reading 4.repairing/to be repaired 5.opened

中考试练

1. —Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?

—Yes, I really like him. He ___ by many people around the world.

A. admire

B. admires

C. is admired

D. is admiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你喜欢著名的篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我真的喜欢他。他被全世界的许多人所崇拜。”根据关键词“by”可知此处应使用被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词。故选C。2. —Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China?

—No, I bought it in France. But it ___ in China.

A. is making

B. was made

C. makes

D. made

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你的围巾摸起来很柔软。你是在中国买的它吗？”“不，我在法国买的。但是它是在中国制造的。”这里主语it(the scarf)与谓语make是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。由前一句bought可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选B。

3. —During the APEC summit(峰会), Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear.

—It ___ APEC blue. But too bad it no longer stays that way.

A. is called

B. are called

C. called

D. calls

【答案】A

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“在亚太经济合作组织峰会期间，北京的天

空如此地蔚蓝和干净。”“它____APEC蓝。但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那样了。”主语It为单数，且与谓语动词call之间是动宾关系。故选A。

4.China’s hot word s, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, ___ in the western media(媒体).

A. use widely

B. is widely used

C. uses widely

D. are widely used

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:汉语热词,比如“土豪”、“ 大妈”和“两会”, ____ 于西方媒体。本句主语words和use之间是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。“China’s hot words”是复数名词短语,故选D。

5. —___ free breakfasts ___ in all schools in China?

—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.

A. Are; made

B. Do; serve

C. Are; served

D. Do; make

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。句意“免费早餐在中国所有的学校里都____吗？”“不，还没呢。只

有农村地区有。”免费早餐应是被提供。应用被动语态。故选C。

6.With the development of China, Chinese ___ by a large number of people in the world.

A. speaks

B. is spoken

C. speak

D. is speaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语被世界上大量人讲。“汉语”和“讲”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时。故选B。

7. —Why does the earth look blue in space?

—Because most of the earth’s surface ___ by ocean.

A. covers

B. is covered

C. cover

D. are covered

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的？”“因为地球表面大部分都被海洋____。”主语“most of the earth’s surface”为第三人称单数，且是动作承受者，客观事实应用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。

8. Emily was glad that she ___ for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises

B. praised

C. is praised

D. was praised

【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：艾米丽很高兴在那个会议上她因为诚实____。由句意可知，主语she与谓语动词praise之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该使用被动语态。再根据关键词“was”和“at that meeting”可知应使用一般过去时。故选D。

9. He Jiang ___ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.

A. invites

B. invited

C. is invited

D. was invited

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：何江上个月____在哈佛大学毕业典礼上做演讲。何江和邀请之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语“last month”可知应该用一般过去时。故选D。

10. Now all Chinese couples ___ to have two children.

A. allow

B. allowed

C. are allowed

D. were allowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在所有中国夫妻____可以有两个孩子。分析句子结构可知，主语“all Chinese couples”与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语“Now”可知用一般现在时。故选C。

11. —Have you finished your report on green life?

—Not yet. I'll make it if I ___ another two days.

A. give

B. am given

C. will give

D. will be given

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你完成了关于绿色生活的报告了吗？”“还没有。如果再____我两天时间我就完成了。”分析句子结构可知，主语I应为动作give的承受者，所以应使用被动语态。此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。故选B。

12. Paper ___ first ___ about 2,000 years ago in China.

A. is; creating

B. is; created

C. has; created

D. was; created

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：纸大约在2，000年前在中国首先____出来。句子的主语“纸”与谓语“创造”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，由句中的时间状语“2,000 years ago”可知本句是一般过去时。故选D。

13.—Maria, I looked for you everywhere at Kevin’s birthday party yesterday.

—Oh, I didn’t go, because I .

A.hasn’t invited

B.wasn’t invited

C.isn’t invited

D.didn’t invited

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——玛丽亚,我昨天在凯文的生日聚会上到处找你。——哦,我没有去,因为我没有被邀请。本题考查时态和被动语态。由句意可知本空用被动语态,再结合题干中“I didn’t go”可知本空用一般过去时态,故本题选择B。

14.—Why did your school win the basketball game?

—Because basketball as an after-school activity in our school this term.

A.has played

B.was played

C.is played

D.will play

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——为什么你的学校赢得了那场篮球赛?——因为这个学期打篮球在我们学校是一项课后活动。本题考查时态和被动语态。basketball和动词play为被动关系,由此可知本空用被动语态,再结合本句的时间状语this term可知本空用一般现在时态,故本题选择C。

15.A talk on how to become a successful learner in the school hall next Monday.

A.will give

B.gives

C.is given

D.will be given

【答案】D

【解析】句意:下周一,一个关于如何成为一个成功的学习者的演讲将会在学校大厅进行。本题考查时态和被动语态。本句主语 a talk和动词give为被动关系,由此可知本空用被动语态,再结合本句的时间状语next Monday可知本空用一般将来时态,故本题选择D。

16..My brother to read by my mother when he was very young.

A.teaches

B.is taught

C.was teaching

D.was taught

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在我弟弟很小的时候我妈妈就教他读书。本题考查一般过去时态的被动语态。由when引导的时间状语从句可知本空应该用一般过去时,故排除A和B。再结合句意可知本空应为被动语态,故选择D。

17.In the future, more and more high-speed railroads in China.

A.are built

B.will build

C.were built

D.will be built

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在未来,越来越多的高速铁路将在中国被修建。由时间状语“in the future”可知本空用一般将来时态,再根据句意可知本空选择D。

18.—When shall we go to watch the basketball match?

—Tomorrow, only if the work .

A.will be finished

B.is finished

C.finishes

D.will finish

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——我们什么时候去看篮球比赛?——明天,只有工作被完成了才可以。由题干中的if可知设

空处为条件状语从句的谓语,根据“主将从现”原则可知,本空用一般现在时态,故排除A和D选项。再根据句意可知选择B。

19.A lot of trees around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now.

A.were planted

B.are planted

C.will plant

D.are planting

【答案】 B

【解析】句意:每年许多树在这周围被种植,现在我们能够享受更新鲜的空气了。由于本句话的主语为trees,故本空应用被动语态,故排除C和D两项。由时间状语“every year”可知本空用一般现在时态,故选择B。

20.The boy two notebooks as prizes for his progress last week.

A.gives

B.will give

C.is given

D.was given

【答案】D

【解析】句意:上周那个男孩被给予两个笔记本作为他进步的奖品。由句意可知本空应用被动语态,故排除A 和B选项。再根据时间状语“last week”可知本题选择D。

总结：中考对于被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。因此考生在解答此类试题时，首先需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断出时态，对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据语境理解并结合常识进行判断。其次，根据被动语态的基本结构，动作的承受者（动作的对象，多是名词）在空前、实施者在空后（有时也省略）判断出被动语态直接选择即可。

五、被动语态在句子中运用

完成下列句子

1.这些女孩子们一个月之前被教授如何跳舞,现在她们能跳好了。

The girls how to dance a month ago and now they can well.

2.一座桥将在河上被建造。将来它能节省我们很多时间

A bridge over the river. It can save us a lot of time in the future.

3.如果学生们被允许拥有兼职工作,他们拥有的学习时间可能就更少了。

If students to have a part-time job, they may have less time to study.

4.We asked him to sing an English song.（改写成被动语态）

→

5.He gave me a book.（改写成被动语态）

→.(将间接宾语改为主语) →.(将直接宾语改为主语) 6.We should take good care of the children.（改写成被动语态）

→

7.I saw some boys playing football in the playground.（改写成被动语态）

→

8.We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.（改写成被动语态）

→

【答案】

1.were taught，dance

2.will be built

3.are allowed

4.He was asked to sing an English song by us.

5.I was given a book by him，A book was given to me by him.

6.The children should be taken good care of by us.(of不可省略)

7.Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me.

8.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.

2020版历年中考英语真题精选-被动语态

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2020年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

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语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many p eople speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make t he bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made b y them in the factory.

最新初中英语被动语态

一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成.) 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词 I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词 This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will/shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being＋及物动词的过去分词. A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词 he meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词 His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法 一般来说,在我们日常生活中,能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态.只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁. 1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了. 2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年. 3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打 2.没不要说出动作的执行者是谁. 1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了 2).China was founded in 1949. 3.不愿意说出动作的执行者,其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等.在这种情况下,有时常用一些句式,如It is said that…（据说……）,It is reported that …（据报道）,It is well known that（众所周知……）It is supposed that（据推测说, It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议等等. It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人. It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） 4.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者. 1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的. 2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的. 3).Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成. 注：使用被动语态的情况口诀：动作谁做的不知道,谁说出的不必要.接受动作需强调,用被动语态最为妙. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语. 2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).