(英语)高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

What Cocktail Parties Teach Us

You're at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect”.

Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain — in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it's as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.

These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking —our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic (悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't.

Ma ny of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It's a push-pull relationship — the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.

Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.

Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.

（1）What have scientists in University of California found about “the cocktail-party effect”?

A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.

B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.

C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.

D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.

（2）What do we learn from the passage?

A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking.

B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking.

C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.

D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.

（3）Which of the following is an example of "inattentional blindness"?

A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.

B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.

C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client.

D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing(低头).

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ______.

A. compare and contrast

B. inform and explain

C. argue and discuss

D. examine and evaluate

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. ”现在，加州大学旧金山分校（University of California in San Francisco）的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for ‘selective at tention’ and can focus on only one thing at a time. ”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Many of those accidents are due to ‘inattentional blindness’, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on.”可知，D项A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。”是一个“inattentional blindness”的例子。故选D。

（4）考查目的意图。根据最后一段中的“Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. ”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。可知本文的目的

是“检查和评估”，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Google is consistently rated the best place to work. So you need a degree from Harvard to in the door, right?

Not really, according to Laszlo Bock, Google's Head of People Operations. When the company was small, Google cared a lot about getting kids from Harvard, Stanford, MIT and many other Ivy League schools. But Bock said it was the "wrong" hiring strategy. Experience has taught him there are exceptional kids at many other places, from state schools in California to New York.

"What we find is the best people from places like that are just as good, if not better, as anybody you can get from any Ivy League school, "said Bock, who just authored a book titled "Work Rules!"

Every year, 2 million people apply to get a job at Google. Bock himself has seen some 25, 000 résumés.

So what else does Google not care about:

Grades: Google's data shows that grades predict performance for the first two years of a career, but do not matter after that.

Brain-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why are manhole covers（井盖)round? or How many golf balls can fit in a school bus? "Our research tells us those questions are a waste of time, "Bock said "They're a really coachable skill. The more you practice, you get better at it. " Here's what Google does care about:

Problem solvers: Your cognitive ability(认知能力), or how well you solve problems.

Leaders: The idea is not whether you were president of the student body or vice president of the bank, but rather:" When you see a problem do you step in, help solve it, "and then critically, "Are you willing to step out and let somebody else take over, and make room for somebody else? Are you willing to give up power?"

Googleyness: That's what Google calls its cultural fit. It's not "Are you like us?" Bock said. "We actually look for people who are different, because diversity gives us great ideas."

"What's most important is that people are intellectually humble, willing to admit when they're wrong, and care about the environment around them… because we want people who think like owners not employees, "Bock said.

The least important thing? Knowing how to do the job.

"We figure if you get the first three right you'll figure it out most of the time."

（1）What does Bock mean in Paragraph 2?

A. People from state schools can be as good.

B. Google no longer hires people from Ivy League schools.

C. Hiring is a hard job for Google.

D. State schools are worse than Ivy League ones.

（2）Which question belongs to a brain-teaser?

A. What are your grades like?

B. What is the significance of figuring out target users?

C. How would you improve a Google product?

D. How much toilet paper is needed to cover Texas?

（3）Who is a qualified leader according to Google?

A. One eager for power.

B. One capable of working independently.

C. One willing to step aside.

D. One operating an organization.

（4）What is Googleyness?

A. Being unique.

B. Being adaptable.

C. Being qualified.

D. Being loyal.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了比起文凭和学历，谷歌更看重什么。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Experience has taught him there are exceptional kids at many other places, from state schools in California to New York.”可知Bock的意思是经验告诉他，在一些别的地方，比如加利福尼亚或纽约的公立学校中，也会有一些天赋超常的人才，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据“Brain-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why are manhole covers（井盖)round? or How many golf balls can fit i n a school bus?‘Our research tells us those questions are a waste of time,’Bock said‘They're a really coachable skill. The more you practice, you get better at it.’”智力问答：谷歌不再出这样的面试题了：为什么井盖是圆的？或者是：多少个高尔夫球能装满一辆校车？博克说：“我们的调查显示，这么问纯粹是浪费时间。因为这些是能够通过训练提高的技能，你练习得越多，就能答得更好。”由此推断出“覆盖德克萨斯州需要多少卫生纸”这是一个脑筋急转弯，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“Leaders:The idea is not whether you were president of the student body or vice president of the bank,but rather:‘When you see a problem do you step in,help solve it,’and then critically，‘Are you w illing to step out and let somebody else take over，and make room for somebody else?Are you willing to give up power?’”这不是说你得是学生会主席或是银行副总理，而是“当你遇到问题时能不能介入，帮助解决问题”。然后是眼光要犀利，“可以退出来让别人接管吗？能够让位于别人吗？可以放弃权力吗？”，由此可知依据谷歌的说法，一个愿意退让的人是一个合格的领导者，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据Google yness: That's what Google calls its cultural fit. It's not‘Are you like us?’Bock said.‘We actually look for people who are different，because diversity gives us great ideas.’” 这点被谷歌称作文化契合度。它并不是“你和我们一样吗？”博克说：“事实上，我们在寻找和我们不一样的人，因为多样性能给谷歌带来卓越的想法。由此推知独一无二的人是具有谷歌精神的人，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”

And so it came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.

It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft—sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes—is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.

What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.

The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.

It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(有形的)things— old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories — but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.

Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old question of "What would you save in a fire? " is actually that nothing really matters but each other.

（1）What happened to the author's house?

A.It caught a fire.

B.It was affected by a fire.

C.It was broken into by friends.

D.Its windows were broken.

（2）What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.something that may be damaged.

B.something that may not be genuine.

C.something that may not be so good.

D.something that may be dangerous.

（3）What did the author expect to feel?

A.People around him were cold to others' trouble.

B.His friends and neighbours were so generous.

C.People in his community were close to each other.

D.He was so lucky to find much that was good.

（4）How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?

A.Worried.

B.Surprised.

C.Excited.

D.Contented.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.”；第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated”可知邻居家在外出时着火了，虽然火没有蔓延到作者家，但烟殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough.”可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉，因为那些微粒威胁健康，有的仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西，suspected 指的就是这些东西。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky.”作者没想到的是自己家很幸运，下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助，作者从中感受到了他们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.”可知作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，作者认为即将到来的新年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩；再根据最后一段中的“I realised that the answer to the old question of ‘What would you save in a fire? ’ is actually that nothing really matters but each other.”作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。这些说明作者是满足的，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out,

Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so

researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.

The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.

However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.

The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.

Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.

（1）What give durian its unique smell?

A. Onions nearby.

B. Two gene copies.

C. Rotten ingredients in it.

D. Volatile sulfur compounds.

（2）What does the underlin ed word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Developed.

B. Escaped.

C. Predicted.

D. Tolerated.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. No birds enjoy eating durian.

B. Durian can be planted all over the world.

C. Some of durian species can not be eaten.

D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. What's Durian?

B. The Influence of the Smell

C. The Distribution of Durian

D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，

发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved 是同义词。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

I visited Copenhagen for the first time last Easter. As a student，I'm always strapped for cash，so I assumed I could only afford to breathe the air — but luckily everything about Copenhagen is breathtaking.

I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground. One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn, or “round tower” built in the 17th century as an astronomical observatory. It has an equestrian staircase (a wide set of stairs big enough for horses to use) that went on and on. As I was going up, I stopped to visit the tower's library hall. At the top, there's a glass platform that gives a view 80-foot straight down, as well as a bell loft. Luckily, the views over Copenhagen from the top were well worth the climb.

After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue. Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around—but sitting there and hearing the lapping waves of the deep blue Baltic Sea, waiting for the sun to set, was an unforgettable and calming experience.

The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits. I looked into the marble eyes of many Roman gods，and walked down dimly lit staircases to see mummies from Egypt.

Before I unwillingly boarded the train back to the airport, I told myself that I must visit again—to experience the thrills of Tivoli Gardens, try more of the street food and everything else from this amazing city.

（1）Why did the author rent a bike?

A. Because she loved to ride a bike.

B. Because she didn't afford to rent a car.

C. Because she found nowhere to rent other vehicles.

D. Because she wanted to see as many attractions as possible.

（2）What did the author find difficult at the Kastellet Fortress?

A. Finding a sitting place

B. Waiting for the sun to set

C. Listening to the sound of waves

D. Having a photo taken with a statue.

（3）Which of the following didn't the author visit?

A. Rundetaarn

B. Tivoli Gardens

C. Glyptotek art museum

D. Little Mermaid Statue （4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To remember a holiday

B. To introduce a new attraction

C. To share her travel experience

D. To show her love of Copenhagen

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去哥本哈根的穷游经历。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground.”可知作者租一辆自行车是因为她想要看尽可能多的旅游胜地，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around”可知在Kastellet Fortress，作者发现最困难的事情就是和雕塑拍照，故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn,”排除A；根据第四段中的“The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits.”排除C；根据第三段中的“After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue.”排除D，故选B。

(4)考查写作意图。这篇文章主要介绍了作者去哥本哈根的穷游经历，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是分享自己的旅游经历，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生准确捕捉细节信息的同时，需进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.

The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.

Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only

two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.

While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citi zen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing bird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.

（1）What can we know about the piping plover?

A. Its behaviour is changing.

B. Its habitat is growing bigger.

C. Its living environment is becoming worse.

D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?

A. To study shorelines across America.

B. To advance information technology.

C. To find out global climate change.

D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?

A. The camping equipment.

B. Research on smartphones.

C. The changeable coast.

D. Progress in technology.

（4）What would be the best title of the text?

A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds

B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist

C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff

D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。

（1）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了。故答案选C。

（2）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.可知，发明app其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的栖息地的改变。故答案选D。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently.可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。故答案选D。

（4）考查主旨大意题。根据文章大意：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽

鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。故答案选A。

【点评】1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

7．阅读理解

It took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldn't see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm.

There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的)anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.

As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a run-down hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.

I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head west towards where I had come from. "The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.

All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.

（1）We can know from the passage that “Rita” is ________.

A. a pet

B. a storm

C. a friend of the author

D. a citizen in Houston （2）What can we infer from the passage?

A. The author was a storm chaser.

B. The storm lasted for at least a week.

C. The author didn't like Houston at all.

D. Houston was very badly damaged by the storm.（3）How did the author probably feel after the storm?

A. Anxious.

B. Disappointed.

C. Satisfied.

D. Scared.

（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Ways to survive in a storm.

B. The weather changes in Houston.

C. The author's experience in the storm.

D. Damages caused by the storm in Houston.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。

(1)推理判断题。由第二段Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.可知，天气预报报道Rita离开了，它让许多人们失去了家园，甚至失去了生命。结合第一段中I took a pressure reading from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm.可推知，"Rita”是一次风暴，选B。

(2)推理判断题。由第三段However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol.可推知，作者是一位风暴追逐者，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由最后一段All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.可推知，在这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C。

(4)主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作，故选C。

【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。

询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。

询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。

8．阅读理解

One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.

Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星） in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.

Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).

Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.

（1）Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?

A. Because it lost its major planet status.

B. Because it disappeared in the sky.

C. Because it was discovered by an American.

D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.

（2）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh

B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy

C. Pluto's Strange Romance

D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania

（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?

A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.

B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.

C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.

D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.

（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.

B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.

C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.

D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识，以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力，这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的，也是不断变化的，需要我们不停去探索。

( 1 )推理判断题。根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知，在2006年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除，失去了其大行星地位，故选A。

( 2 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了它的神秘和魅力。C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文，故选C。

( 3 )推理判断题。根据第四段Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).可知，是Clyde Tombaugh用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星，成了第一个发现行星的美国人，并且给黑暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。故选D。

( 4 )猜测句意题。此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星，它还让我们知道了宇宙无限大，天空根本不是极限，它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。故选D。

【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。

9．阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the

difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.

（1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ.

B. Experiencing new information.

C. The baby' early age.

D. The connection with other babies.

（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?

A. Babies identify different sound patterns.

B. Word order is relevant to meaning.

C. Babies can well understand different words.

D. A certain brain region processes language.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Grammar is important in learning languages.

B. Different orders have different meanings.

C. Different languages have different grammar.

D. Words have different sounds.

（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?

A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.

C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for

speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear cau ght John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital(婚姻的)status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(印度教的)religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and “bindi" is the one that is most commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.

The position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot means piety(虔诚)and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thou ghts.

Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.

（1）Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead?

A.To stress their family background.

B.To indicate their social rank.

C.To show their religious belief.

D.To display their financial status.

（2）What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition?

A.To help the other eyes see better.

B.To look to the distance.

C.To see the outside world.

D.To pay respect to God.

（3）Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?

A.The word "bindi" means "red" in some Hindi dialects.

B.Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife.

C.The red dot represented the blood of God.

D.Red stood for a wife's love for her husband.

（4）Which of the following statements is true about bindis today?

A.Bindis are now used to make people look better.

B.Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.

C.Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore.

D.More men than women wear bindis in India.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“As such，the dot serves as a constant reminder to keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“According to Hindu beliefs，the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Decorative or sticker bindis come in all sizes，colorsand variations，and can be worn by young and old，married and unmarried people alike．Wearinga bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.” 装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更

多的被用作装饰品。故选A．

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

高一英语阅读理解(广告类)

高一英语阅读理解试题（广告类） (1) Welcome to Wonderful Museum. This month we are having a special display about old machines from different countries. You can find the ways machines were used to help people one hundred years ago. How did the Germans make their first cars？How did our grandfathers use their farming tools? When did the Americans try to make their planes？And when did the Spanish make comfortable shoes in their factories？You will find the answers. After this visit of the machine history, enjoy some coffee by our wonderful coffee-making machines in Yarn’s Café in the corner of this floor. 1. Henry is a car fan. When he knows about the display, he visits the museum to know more about the history of car making. Which room will he surely visit？ A. Japanese Room. B. Chinese Room. C. German Room. D. Spanish Room. 2. What is the best name for the special display in Wonderful Museum? A. Traffic History. B. Old Machines. C. The Business World. D. The Communication Age. 【答案与解析】这是一篇关于Wonderful Museum的广告词。 1. C。推断题。根据第1段中的How did the Germans make their first cars 可推知答案应选C。 2. B。细节题。根据This month we are having a special display about old machines from different countries可知答案应选B。 (2) A. is at the centre of London B. lies far away from London C. takes in foreign students, from beginners to the advanced

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