2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题

2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题

National Entrance Test of English Ⅱ for MA/MS

Candidates (NETEM)

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)

Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World WarⅡand the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

His name isn't much. GI.is just a military abbreviation 7 .Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka. Joe Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.

G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character. or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.

1.[A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed

2.[A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal

3.[A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded

4.[A] necessities [B] facilities [C]

commodities [D] properties

5.[A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence

6.[A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against

7.[A] meaning [B] implying [C]

symbolizing [D] claiming

8.[A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought

back [D] passed down

9.[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed

10.[A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither

11.[A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed

[D] distinguished

12.[A] company [B] collection [C] community

[D] colony

13.[A] employed [B] appointed [C]

interviewed [D] questioned

14.[A] ethical [B] military [C] political

[D] human

15.[A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled

[D] gained

16.[A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C]

duplicated [D] contradicted

17.[A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized

[D] admired

18.[A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments

[D] advances

19.[A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond

20.[A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the

outset [D] at that point

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Text 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting

for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.

The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.

[A] is receiving more criticism

[B]is no longer an educational ritual

[C]is not required for advanced courses

[D]is gaining more preferences

22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.

[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education

[B]have asked for a different educational standard

[C]may have problems finishing their homework

[D]have voiced their complaints about homework

23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.

[A]discourage students from doing homework

[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards

[C]undermine the authority of state tests

[D]restrict teachers' power in education

24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated

[B]it counts much in schooling

[C]it places extra burdens on teachers

[D]it is important for grades

25.A suitable title for this text could be______.

[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy

[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students

[C]Thorny Questions about Homework

[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework

Text 2

Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then

it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.

Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.

I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.

26. By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.

A should not be the sole representation of girlhood

B should not be associated with girls' innocence

C cannot explain girls' lack of imagination

D cannot influence girls' lives and interests

27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?

A Colors are encoded in girls' DNA

B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls

C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders

D White is preferred by babies

28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.

[A] the marketing of products for children

[B] the observation of children's nature

[C] researches into children's behavior

[D] studies of childhood consumption

29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________.

A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothes

B attach equal importance to different genders

C classify consumers into smaller groups

D create some common shoppers' terms

30. It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____.

A clearly explained by their inborn tendency

B fully understood by clothing manufacturers

C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen

D well interpreted by psychological experts

Text 3

In 2017. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2017 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.

On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”

Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

AS the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dots’, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.

31. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______

A. their executives to be active

B. judges to rule out gene patenting

C. genes to be patentable

D. the BIO to issue a warning

32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____

A. genetic tests are not reliable

B. only man-made products are patentable

C. patents on genes depend much on innovations

D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests

33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_____

A. establishing disease correlations

B. discovering gene interactions

C. drawing pictures of genes

D. identifying human DNA

34、By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_____

A. the Supreme Court was authoritative

B. the BIO was a powerful organization

C. gene patenting was a great concern

D. lawyers were keen to attend conventions

35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____

A. critical

B. supportive

C. scornful

D. objective

Text 4

The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,

It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.

No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.

But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and

have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.

36.By saying “to find silver linings”〔Line 1,Para.2〕the author suggest that the jobless try to___.

[A]seek subsidies from the government

[B]explore reasons for the unemployment

[C]make profits from the troubled economy

[D]look on the bright side of the recession

37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.

[A]realize the national dream

[B]struggle against each other

[C]challenge their lifestyle

[D]reconsider their lifestyle

38. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.

[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants

[B]bring out more evils of human nature

[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D]ease conflicts between races and classes

39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.

[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees

[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

[D]recover more quickly than the others

40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)

Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.

Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that.”And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power

relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points) When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.

Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40% of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories

to make

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions

Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that

you bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to

1) Make a complaint and

2) Demand a prompt solution

You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead. 48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should

1) Describe the table, and

2) Give your comments

You should write at least 150 words (15points)

2018年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二答案

Section Ⅰ Use of English

1-5 BBAAC

6-10 DCADB

11-15 DBCDC

16-20 ACBBD

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1 21-25 ACABD

Text 2 26-30 ABDCC

Text 3 31-35 CBACD

Text 4 36-40 DDBDA

Part B

41-45 AFGCE

Part C

当进展中国家的人们提起对移民的担忧，他们通常是在担心本国最优秀、最聪明的人前往发达国家的“硅谷”、医院和大学之后本国的前景。英国、加拿大和澳大利亚如此的国家给予了大学毕业生优先的移民政策，试图吸引的确实是这些优秀的劳动者。

大量调查说明，进展中国家中受过良好教育的人们更倾向于移民。2004年，一项对印

度家庭的大规模调查显示，接近40%的印度移民同意过高中以上的教育，而年龄在25岁以上的印度人当中受过高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。“人才流失”一直困扰着落后国家的政策制定者。他们担心这种状况会损害本国的经济进展，使其失去急需的技术人才，而这些人本应当留在国内教书、行医，并创造出新的先进产品让本国的工厂生产制造。

Section IV Writing

Part A

Directions: Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to

1) make a complaint, and

2) demand a prompt solution.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.

Do not write the address. (10 points)

审题谋篇：

2018再次考查书信的写法，这差不多是英语二在出台以来第三次考查书信，第一次考察感谢信，第二次考察祝贺信。此次考察投诉信。英语二作为和英语一并行的英语试卷，和英语一在保持主流体型一致的情况下，又不得不和英语一进行区别，考察了工作有用的投诉题材，表达了专业硕士的特点。只是这应用文考查的电子辞典却是常考话题，考生应该可不能出现措手不及，无话可写的情况。和英语一样，仍然围绕学生能够接触到的学校生活的进行考察。

首先，依照题干要求明确写作对象，语域和结尾礼词。

本文的写作对象是即网店的客服部门或客服经理。因此称呼能够使用Dear Sir or Madam。本文是一篇以学生消费者名义写出的一篇投诉信，属于公务信函，写作过程中应尽量使用正式语体。结尾礼词能够使用Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours,署名要严格遵守题目要求，使用Zhang Wei.

其次，依照题目规定的话题，构思作文。此处通常是考生犯下致命错误的地方：漏掉题目要求的要点，如此的错误在阅卷过程中是要严峻。1) make a complaint 2) demand a prompt solution. 另外，因为是网络购物，还应提供相应的发票信息等以供查询。

参考范文

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my disappointment regarding the electronic dictionary that I bought from your on-line store last week, with the invoice number of ED53407.

I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part can not be properly settled.

Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new dictionary that can work well. Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.

Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei

范文分析：

本篇范文很好地完成了题目规定的任务：陈述对产品进行投诉和要求厂家尽快给出解决方案，内容要点完整。文章开篇直奔主题，表达了写信目的，因为上周在网店买了一本电子辞典，使用后很失望，因要投诉。第二段具体列出了建议的产品在性能方面不能正常运转的具体方面，使用了必要连贯手法，比如For one thing, For another,之类的介词短语，让表达流畅有序、环环相扣。最后，针对出现的问题，要求退款或者更换产品，文章层次清晰，结构完整，语言流畅，句式丰富，达到了应用文的差不多要求。

译文：

尊敬的先生/女士：

我写这封信是为了关于上周我从你们的网上商店购买的电子词典表达我失望,发票号码是ED53407。

我买的电子词典的质量很差，让我特别不中意。一方面，它经常在我急于浏览一个单词的解释的时候忽然自动关机。另一方面，词典两个部分结合的部分好像很松，不能很好的支撑住屏幕部分。

既然这次点的问题都使我不能同意，我盼望你们能够为我办理退款，或者给我更换一台新的功能良好的词典。盼望能这问题能够得到尽快的解决。

忠诚的客户,

张伟

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should

1) describe the table, and

2) give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

审题谋篇：

考研英语二短短3年的历史上，差不多上都考察图表作文。图标作文的类型差不多能够分为table(表格)、line graph(曲线图)、bar chart／column graph(条形图／柱形图)、pie chart(饼图)四种。其中2017年考察柱状图，2017年依旧柱状图，2018年考察表格作文。可见四种体型市场外资和国产汽车品牌的销售数据，2018年考察不同年龄段职场人士工作中意度的调查数据。

1描述图表。图表类型及对策。表格作文有一定的难度，因此许多考生在表格图这部分栽了跟头、表格中数字较多，考生要很好的完成任务需要做到详略得当。表格数据凌乱、繁多，图形不够直观、数据间的关系较为隐蔽。这就要求考生有较强的判断与分析能力，在复杂的数据中进行量化比较和趋向分析，得到一个一般性的结论〔generalidea〕。此题职员中意度的人群分类是按年龄段来区分的，同时这几个年龄段的工作中意度呈现不同的趋势，能够把年龄作为一个突破口来分析得出年龄越大中意度越大如此的一般性结论。

2、对图表内容进行论述。

针对本篇文章具体结论，能够在论证部分进行出现上述趋势的缘故。工作中意度高或

低的缘故能够从工作本身以及社会背景和个人人生态度等方面来论证。

最后需要说明的是，不管何种表格，关于数据都能够进行加减乘除的运算，其目的是算出增减规律。如此做就幸免了表格作文中简单地数据罗列，既能够使文章的描写手段变化多样，又能得到更好的对比效果。

参考范文：

Thetableaboverevealedanoverallpictureofjobsatisfactionamongemploymentofdiff erentagegroups.Baseduponthedataofthetable,mostpeopleunder40areunclearordissatis fiedwiththeirjob,and64%ofthosebetween40and50arenotsatisfied.Forpeopleover50,the degreeofsatisfactionlargelyexceedstheyoungergroupsunder40,amountingto40%. Thephenomenonthatelderpeoplefindmorepleasureinjobcomparedwiththeyoungmayberoote dinthefollowingreasons.First,peoplebetween30and50facemorepressuretosupportthefa mily,boththechildrenandthesenior,sothattheyneglecttoenjoyinwork.Second,thesenio rcitizenshavedevelopedalotinpersonality,sotheyaremorepronetoseetheoptimisticasp https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc17710705.html,st,thecurrentfamilypatternof“onefamilyoneChild”causetheagingofthesociety,whichhasposedmoresocialresponsibilitytopeopleunder50.

Tosumup,theseniorcitizensenjoysmorecontentthantheyoungpeople.Inordertoimpro vethissituation,andmakelifeofthosewhoarebetween40sand50seasier,theauthorities,r elevantdepartmentsandcertainenterprises,shouldadoptsomemeasurestoincreasesalari esandperfectwelfaresystem.What’smore,adultsunder40themselvesshouldalsotreattheirworkwithapositiveandproperatti tudeandsparemoretimeonphysicalpracticeafterlong-hourwork.Onlyinthiswaycanweassu rethatasmanypeopleaspossiblewillliveacontentedlife.

亮点词汇：

jobsatisfaction:工作中意度

exceed:v超过

berootedin:根源于

support:赡养，供养

beproneto:易于……；有……的倾向

senior:年老的

familypattern:家庭体制

content：n.满足

亮点句型：

1.Thephenomenonthatelderpeoplefindmorepleasureinjobcomparedwiththeyoungmayb erootedinthefollowingreasons.

句子写作过程：

第一步：先写出简单句：Thephenomenonmayberootedinthefollowingreasons.

第二步：写出定语从句

thatelderpeoplefindmorepleasureinjobcomparedwiththeyoung解释主语phenomenon。

句子写作策略：

本句写作策略是同位语从句。

2.Inordertoimprovethissituation,andmakelifeofthosewhoarebetween40sand50sea sier,theauthorities,relevantdepartmentsandcertainenterprises,shouldadoptsomemea surestoincreasesalariesandperfectwelfaresystem.

theauthorities,shouldadoptsomemeasurestoincreasesalariesandperfectwelfaresystem .

第二步：加连词插入语relevantdepartmentsandcertainenterprises,限定主语theauthorities。

第三步：加入inorderto引导的介词短语作目的状语，其中包含两个并列的不定式。

句子写作策略：

本句写作策略是不定式、插入语、和并列结构。

范文分析：

这篇作文考察到一个现代社会的流行话题：工作中意度〔jobsatisfaction)。本次短文写作考察图表作文的写法。

本范文差不多符合图表写作的要求。首先第一段首句Thetableaboverevealedanoverallpictureofjobsatisfactionamongemploymentofdifferen tagegroups.总体描述图表的要紧内容。然后首段用两个句子勾画出了图表所代表的大体趋势是50岁以上的中老年人工作中意度明显高于40因此下的年轻人。在描写过程中，适当引用了具体数字。

第二段简要分析了这种趋势发生的缘故。一方面是50岁以下的年轻人正值当年，面临着工上有老下有小的压力。另一方面，从50岁以上的人来讲，他们性格和事业都趋于稳定。而看待问题的态度也更趋于乐观。这是缘故之二。

结尾段进一步总结了图表所反映的趋势，建议给50岁以下年轻人减压和增强中意度的的措施和方法。从社会机制保障上和个人生活方式的改变两个方面来改变。

本文描述图表简要，准确，同时能够适时点出图表所反映的内容和一般概念。语言形式上丰富多样，用词准确，很好的完成了写作任务。

译文：

上面的表格揭示出一个不同年龄段的工作中意度的总体情况。基于表中数据，40岁以下大多数人都不清晰或不中意他们的工作,40到50岁之间的人群多达64%的人不中意。关于50岁以上的人，工作中意程度上远远超过了40岁以下的年轻群体，高达40%。

年老的人在工作中能够发明更多的乐趣这一现象中可能有以下缘故导致。首先，30到50岁之间的人面临更大压力，以支持家庭，养孩子和老人等，使他们忽视享受工作的乐趣。第二，50岁以上中老年人在人格方面差不多趋于成熟，更容易乐观的看待工作中的不快。最后，当前的家庭模式的“一个家庭一个孩子”导致老化的社会，其中为50岁以下的年轻人提出了更多的社会责任。

总之，中老年人比年轻人在工作中享受到更多的中意度。为了改善这一状况，使那些40到50岁之间的人的生活更容易。政府，有关部门和某些企业，应该采取一些措施来提高工资和完善的福利制度。更重要的是，中年人本身也应该把他们的长久的工作以外的时间更多进行身体锻炼。只有用这种方法我们才能确保尽可能多的人过上中意的生活。

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SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.

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（一）教育学的对象和任务 教育学的研究对象是教育现象和教育问题；教育学的任务是揭示教育规律，探讨教育价值观念和教育艺术，指导教育实践。 （二）教育学的产生和发展 教育学的萌芽、教育学的独立、教育学的发展多样化、教育学的理论深化等阶段有代表性、有影响的教育家、教育著作、教育思想和教育理论。 二、教育的概念 （一）教育的质的规定性 教育是有目的地培养人的社会活动。有目的地培养人，是教育这一社会现象与其他社会现象的根本区别，是教育的本质特点。 （二）教育的基本要素 教育者、受教育者、教育中介系统等要素的涵义、地位和作用。 （三）教育的历史发展 古代教育的特点；现代教育的特点。 （四）教育概念的界定 广义教育；狭义教育。 三、教育与人的发展 （一）人的发展概述 人的发展涵义；人的发展特点；人的发展的规律性。 （二）影响人的发展的基本因素 遗传在人的发展中的作用；环境在人的发展中的作用；个体的能动性在人的发展中的作用。 （三）教育对人的发展的重大作用 教育是一种有目的地培养人的社会活动；教育主要通过文化知识的传递来培养人；教育对人的发展的作用越来越大。 四、教育与社会发展 （一）教育的社会制约性 生产力对教育的制约；社会经济政治制度对教育的制约；文化对教育的制约与影响。 （二）教育的社会功能 1、教育的社会变迁功能 教育的经济功能；教育的政治功能；教育的文化功能；教育的生态功能。

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2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷 （课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you

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