自考英语本科段参考资料

自考英语专科资料导航：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=862&page=1

自考英语本科资料导航：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=861&page=1

内容如下：

特别推荐:英语易Radio Online :

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/radio.html

本科资料：

英美文学：

1999年（上）全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试卷:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=266&page=1

2000年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=267&page=1

2001年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案;

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=268&page=1

2002年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=269&page=1

2003年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=270&page=1

2004年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=271&page=1

2005年（上）英美文学选读试卷及答案:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=272&page=1

福州师范大学网络课件:英美文学:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=45&page=1

超多英美文学资料，不看后悔

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=3

英美文学之英国文学部分

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=21

英美文学资料(我认为挺经典的)

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=20

英美文学串讲习题

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=23

英美文学选读翻译版电子书

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=24

英美文学-作家作品表(word文件下载) :

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=242&page=6

英美文学刚好过了60分:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=239&page=6

评卷老师谈《英美文学选读》学习方法：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/index.asp?boardid=2&page=10

二外：

浙江省二外俄语历年真题下载01-06年:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=794&page=1

浙江省二外日语历年真题下载03-06年:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=789&page=1

《大学日语》单词表:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=249&page=2 日本语初级教程在线课件:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=816

日语50音图:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=245&page=2

日语假名速通:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=244&page=2

吐血心得-----日语文盲一天一夜过日语:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=243&page=2

考日语时在电脑中存的一点笔记

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=30

日本语语法总结3（词性小结）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=29

标准日本语超级详解语法

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=34

日语中的助动词:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=695&page=6

日语学习大忌:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=544&page=6

湖南自考2005年10月日语试题第一至第四页：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=612&page=7

湖南自考2005年10月日语试题第五.六.七页:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=674&page=6

自考英语本科二外日语的ＭＰ３(任卫平主编,辽宁大学出版社)

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=35

自考英语本科二外日语的ＭＰ３(杨诎人、下泽胜井<日语入门>MP3 )（前14课）https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=15&page=1

口译与听力：

【口译与听力】考试流程√推荐

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=33

自考特快《口译与听力》名师辅导讲义:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=247&page=2

邱政政教你练就口译听力“真功夫”:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=819

口译听力复习指南~（适用于没有机会得到原题的朋友）~:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=820

上外自考英语口译经历全过程:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=822

口译考试总结（北京地区）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=824

口译与听力考试经历（北京）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=825

考《口译与听力》的战友看这里（北京）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=826

关于口译与听力应考之浅见（辽宁地区）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=828

要参加天津听力考试的请看（本科）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=2&ID=815

口译试题:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=253&page=2

口译试题集锦:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=252&page=2

广外英语本科口译与听力MP3

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=2

英语自考本科口译与听力MP3下载(杨俊峰)

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=1

2002年四月口译考题及简析:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=711&page=6

2002年四月口译考题及简析下午卷：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=712&page=6 论文：

谈谈自考生如何写好毕业论文：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardid=2&id=856

2006年上半年论文考试题目（北京地区）:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardID=2&ID=251&page=2

广外英语本科全攻略（毕业+学位）！自考必读之经验贴：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardid=2&id=855

英语专业论文全攻略（安徽）：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardid=2&id=857

广西自学考试英语专业（本科段）毕业论文选题：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/bc4139126.html,/dispbbs.asp?boardid=2&id=858

谈英语专业自考毕业论文写作

谈英语专业自考毕业论文写作 摘要：本文拟从指导教师角度出发，主要就论文写作指导具体方法和操作方面入手探讨解决自考生毕业论文写作问题。英语专业自考生在完成毕业论文时存在很多问题，比如选题不当、阅读量不够、英语写作能力欠缺、论文格式不规范、参考文献使用不当等等，本文强调指导教师的作用，强调大量阅读；尝试采用目录式提纲形式撰写毕业论文提纲；写千字短文三方面着手解决写作问题并提出建议和策论。 关键词：英语写作；自考毕业论文；写作指导 为完善高等教育体系，鼓励自学成才，造就和选拔德才兼备的专门人才，提高全民族的思想道德、科学文化素质，适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，国家特制定高等教育自学考试作为全日制普通高校的必要补充。1988年国务院发布的《高等教育自学考试暂行条例》(国发[1988]15号)第五条明确规定：高等教育自学考试的专科(基础科)、本科等学历层次，与普通高等学校的学历层次水平的要求应相一致。那么，大学本科毕业生毕业前夕不仅要修完学校规定的课程，而且还要撰写毕业论文。通过毕业论文写作，既是对学生在大学期间所学理论知识与实践技能进行的全面考核，又是对大学生进行初步学术研究基本功的训练，培养锻炼他们独立分析和综合运用的能力，同时优良的毕业论文还是本科生申请学士学位的前提和依据。我国高等教育部门对高校毕业论文的要求、学士学位的申请条件等均有明确的规定条例。但是诸多因素使得自学考试大学生毕业论文写作问题突出，英语专业自考生毕业论文存在的问题尤其明显。 一、自考毕业论文暴露出的主要问题 (一)选题定位不准 主要表现在：列过提纲之后变动选题；还有同学在动笔写了部分初稿之后变换题目，甚至有些题目跨越性较大，这些都表明选题前期准备工作做得不充分。 (二)阅读量不够广泛 论文的写作过程一般分为五个阶段：选题、收集资料并分析整理资料、构思、编写提纲和撰写初稿(不断修改、定稿)。既然论文选题有自主性，那么在确定之前，学生应该有针对性地进行前期的广泛浏览阅读各种文献资料，在阅读过程中初步确定自己感兴趣的或认为有意义的内容。曾经访谈英语专业的学生，他们承认除了课堂使用的教材外，课下较少有阅读本专业的相关理论书籍或期刊等文本资料。 (三)英语写作能力欠缺 写论文难，用英文撰写论文更加有难度，有其特殊性。自考生总体的写作基

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.

自考本科英语(二)复习题

英语（二）复习题 一、语法和词汇 1、被动语态 ①We shall put off the meeting till Friday. The meeting will be put off till Friday. ②Not until 1989 was he set free. ③I’m glad to be allowed to visit your school. ④He was robbed of wallet last night. 2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则、不规则变化 ①程度相等：He is as busy as before. ②程度不相等：It is not so (as) cold today as yesterday. ③……许多：far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, much. ④越…越…：The more, the better. ⑤最高级：The Y angtze is the longest river in China. 3、介词 ①at表示某一时间点，地点（小）arrive at airport ②in表示某一时间段，地点（大）arrive in HK ③on表示某一天，星期几，在…之上，arrive on Friday ④between（两个之间）与among（三个以上之间） ⑤for所朝向的目标，leave for HK（去香港） ⑥from…to…，从…到…，from9AM to 5 PM ⑦by后面不加冠词/完成时的标志，by air, by bus By the time I got there, the film had already begun. I have been teaching for 10 years/since 1990. 4、情态公司 ①can. Two eyes. can see more than one. They cannot have gone out because the light’s on. Y ou can go now. ②may. May I ask you a question?/He may have seen the movie. ③must. We must leave now./ She must have made a mistake. ④ouht. Y ou ought to take his advice. When I got there, the film had already begun, I ought to have got there earlier. ⑤need. Y ou needn’t tell him. ⑥dare. How dare they do such a thing? ⑦should. He should learn how to drive./ He should have been there earlier. 5、定语似句 ①关系代词：Which, who, whom, whose, that的用法 ②关系副词：when, why, how That is the reason why I am not taking your advice. ③介词+which/whom(仅有的两个) The girl to whom you speak is my sister. ④非限制性定语从句：I have three types of pens in my box, each of them writes smoothly. 6、倒装句 ①否定词在句首：Not until he told me the news, did I know he was killed lastnight. ②only 在句首：Only after class was he allowed to go. ③so, nor, neither 在句首：The first one wasn’t good enough and neither wasthe second. ④虚拟语气中：Had they not working so hard, they wouldn’t have succeeded. Had we made up our mind, we might have succeeded. If I were you, I would consider it. 7、虚拟语气：表示建议、命令、重要性等句子中使用，如suggest/insist/order/propose/require+should+动词原形，should常被省略，这些词的名词、形容词形式也一样，如They suggest that he not smoke here. Their suggestion was we all join the party. It’s important that we do it. 8、强调句：It+is/was（仅此两种）+that/who（人）/which （有时） 9、as的用法（下册P21-26） 10、一致原则、就近原则（下册P73-75） 11、虚所语气（续）（下册P233-P236） 二、英汉互译 1、我们拥有大量的自然资源 We have plenty of natural resources. 2、Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the porson.The jore seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitude towards leisure as well as academic word will be encouraged. (P162) 3、他在纠正学生错误时总是采取积极的态度 He always takes positive attitude to correct the students’mistakes. 4、他的肤色与他是否是个律师无关 His color of skin is not relevant to whether his is a good lawyer or not. 5、Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours every day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.(P175) 6、他同现代生活不合板。He is out of step wit modern life. 7、Self-dsteem is what people think about themselves-whether or not they feel valued-and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to tope with the everyday problems of growing up.(P225) 8、每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。 Everybody should be concerned about the future of his own country. 9、What we dream at, night isn’t as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams. The more people, the better we feel. Our sleep influences our mood. Our mood, in turn, affects our performance. And throughout the day, our levels of mood and performance remain cosely linked. (P308) 10、广义上说，任何人做的工作都对社会有益。 In a broad sense, the work that anyone does is of social value. 11、在商业社会里信息对每个人都有用。 Information is of great value to everyone in the business world. 12、门被档住了，有什么东西档在那儿。 The door was blocked, there was something in the way. 13、他们昨天来看你时，你在干什么？ What were you doing when they came to see you yesterday. 14、他通过努力工作赢得了许多人的尊敬。 He earned many people respect by working hard. 15、没有你的帮助，我们举取是如此巨大的成功。 Without your help, we wouldn’t have so great a success. 三、其他练习 1、I would rather stay at home than go out. 2、oneself education 3、I go upstairs instead of taking the life. 4、I couldn’t help laughing 5、I spend 10 yuan on the bood. 6、Spend some time/have trouble/be busy(in)(doing)sth. 7、apply for 申请application，申请表格 apply to 应用applicant 申请人 8、I remember being paid 我记得已经收了钱。 9、I remember to pay. 我记得要去给钱的。（但并未给） Reading comprehension(阅读理解) Passage 1. Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional(营养的)treatment, for your child For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don’t scold her if she doesn’t 1

英语专业自考本科毕业论文选题标的目的

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自考英语二考试试题及答案

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the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices. 1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.? A. True B. False C. Not Given 2.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3.Customers get better service on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4.Black Friday started in the USA. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5.The holiday season ends on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6."In the black" is a financial term. A. True B. False C. Not Given

自考本科英语毕业论文

学号：091502042 如何培养英语学习兴趣 Name 导师 Name -----外国语学院 2011年8月

目录

一、学生应注意培养自己在英语学习方面的兴趣（一）英语学习至关重要 1、英语应用渗透诸多方面 2、英语学习获益无穷 3、英语与我们的生活息息相关 （二）善于发现学习英语的乐趣 1、快快乐乐学习英语 2、影剧、歌曲中欢乐英语 3、使用英语的乐趣 4、英语给我们自信 5、英语怡情 （三）热爱英语、热爱老师 （四）学会学习 二、老师应怎样帮助学生培养学习英语的兴趣 （一）建立融洽师生关系，争做良师益友 （二）在教学环境中培养学生学习兴趣 1、认真备课，胸有成竹 2、了解自己的学生，游刃有余 3、展现语言魅力，妙趣横生 （三）寓教于乐，激发与培养学生学习兴趣 1、教学方法灵活多样，吸引学生注意力，增强学习积极性 2、用英语组织教学，营造良好语言学习氛围 3、教学方法新颖独特，形象生动 （四）增强实践，开展有益课内外活动，丰富学习经历三、结束语 参考文献 摘要

本文的主体是如何培养英语学习兴趣。通过从学与教，即学生自己与教师方面分别阐述。对学生自己来说他们应注意培养自己在英语学习方面的兴趣：首先，英语学习至关重要,对此要有学生明确的意识。其次，善于发现学习英语的乐趣，求学历程不易，活学乐学，趣味无穷。再次学会学习，学习没有捷径，却有很多有效帮助学习的法宝。最后，热爱英语、热爱老师，更是学习的态度问题，产生兴趣本身就是一种热爱。对于教师而言，这些教学活动的指导者应做到如下：建立融洽师生关系，争做良师益友；在教学环境中培养学生学习兴趣；寓教于乐，激发与培养学生兴趣；增强实践，开展有益课内外活动，丰富学生学习经历。总之，兴趣是成功的基础，一旦学生对英语学习产生浓厚兴趣，就会不知不觉热爱英语，并且对英语学习感到乐此不疲。 关键词：英语学习兴趣培养热爱乐学成功 如何培养英语学习兴趣

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2010年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英美文学选读试卷 (课程代码00604) 本试卷分为两部分。共8页，满分l00分；考试时间l50分钟。 1．第一部分为选择题，应考者必须在“答题卡”上的“选择题答题区”内按要求填涂，答在试卷上无效。 2．第二部分为非选择题。应考者必须在“答题卡”上的“非选择题答题区”内按照试题题号顺序直接答题，答在试卷上无效。 PART ONE (共50 分) I. Multiple Choice (50 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter [A], [B], [C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry that evokes the Anglo-Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot, is regarded today as __ of the Anglo-Saxons. A. a romance B. the national epic C. a religious poem D. the first blank verse 2. The early period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. Wyatt introduced __ into England. A. blank verse B. terza rima C. the Petrarchan sonnet D. sestina 3. The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modem world. The essence of Renaissance is . A. religious reformation B. humanism C. economic expansion D. geographic discoveries 4. Which of the following plays is NOT one of William Shakespeare's great tragedies? A. King Lear B. Henry IV C. Othello D. Macbeth 5. In Paradise Lost, Adam's disobedience to God reflects the keystone of John Milton's creed, that is, __ A. the freedom of the will B. the importance of love C. evil is at the core of human nature D. human life is full of temptations 6. The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment. The enlighteners held that __ should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. A. rationality B. equality C. science D. knowledge 7. In field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a(n)_ the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. A. revived interest in B. antagonism against C. rebellion against D. irrational imitation of 8. In the neoclassical period of British literature, __ is the leading figure in the theatrical world. A. William Collins B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan C. Mrs. Ann Radcliffe D.M.G. Lewis 9. Henry Fielding's first novel Joseph Andrews is intended as a burlesque of the dubious morality and sentimentality in__ A. Pamela B. Roxana C. Gulliver's TraveLs D. The Faerie Queene 10. As one of the greatest masters of English prose,__ defined a good style as "proper words in proper places. " A. Alexander Pope B. Daniel Defoe C. Samuel Johnson D. Jonathan Swift 11. In the lines "This City now doth, like a garment, wear / The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, / Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie / Open unto the fields, and to the sky," there is obviously a peculiar use of abundant commas. This works to create a special effect: __ A. to strengthen the effect of chaos through fragmentary listing