有机材料处理词汇汇编(英文版)

材料英语证书考试(PEC)-有机材料处理词汇

Term Explanation

Actinomycetes:Any of a group of generally low-oxygen–utilizing bacteria identified by a branching growth pattern that result in large threadlike

structures. Many species occur in soil and are harmless to animals and

higher plants.

Adjuvant:An ingredient that improves the properties of a formulation to which it has been added.

Aerate/aeration:To supply with air or expose to the circulation of air: aerate soil or soil aeration. Forced aeration refers to the use of blowers

in a compost pile.

Aerobic:To be "with oxygen." Life or biological processes that can occur only in the presence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by

bacteria.

Agricultural material:Material of plant or animal origin, which result from the production and processing of farm, ranch agricultural, horticultural, aquacultural, silvicultural, floricultural, vermicultural, or viticultural products, including manures, orchard and vineyard prunings, and crop residues.

Anaerobic:To be "without oxygen." A biological process occurring in the absence of oxygen, marked by a foul odor. These odors may include acetic acid,

butyric acid, or putrescine.

Arthropod: (Greek--joint foot) Any of numerous invertebrate animals of the phylum (family) Arthropoda, including the insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods, that are characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs.

Ash:The residue that remains after a solid waste has burned. Also referred to as bottom ash and fly ash.

Bacteria:Microscopic single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus. They are structured as either rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or spiral-shaped. They

can be aerobic or anaerobic, or facultative anaerobic.

Backyard composting:The on-site process (typically small scale) where the biological decomposition of organic materials such as leaves, grass clippings, brush, and food scraps is processed into a soil amendment.

Beetle mites:

(Acari)

Heavily armored fungus- and needle-eaters.

Best management practices: The most effective and practicable method of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by pollution sources. Often

abbreviated as BMPs.

Bioaerosols:

Airborne particles of biological origin including bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts, pollens, and organic matter . Bioassay: Appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its

effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed

standard.

Biodiversity: The variability among living organisms on Earth, including the

variability within and between species and within and

between ecosystems .

Biofiltration:

The harnessing of natural processes for volatile organic

compounds (VOC) and odor control. Example: an air stream is passed

through a biofilter containing microorganisms , which metabolize the

VOCs, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. Bioremediation: The use of plants or microorganisms to clean up contamination and

pollution or to solve other environmental problems, and return the

environment to its original condition.

Biosolids:

The nutrient-rich organic byproduct material resulting from the treatment of sewage sludge and wastewater. CAFO: Combined animal feeding operation (CAFO). Animal feeding operations

(AFOs) are livestock-raising operations, such as hog, cattle and

poultry farms, which confine and concentrate animal populations and

their wastes. CAFO is the largest category of AFO with greater than

1,000 "animal units" and is a significant contributor to the pollution

of waters in the U.S.

Casing layer: A moist layer of peat moss mixed with a small amount of calcium carbonate

that growers apply over mycelium to retain moisture and provide a

growing surface for mushrooms.

Catchment: a) A catching or collecting of water, especially rainwater, b) A

structure, such as a basin or reservoir, used for collecting or draining

water, c) The amount of water collected in such structure, d) A

catchment area.

Cellobiose: A disaccharide obtained by

the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase . Formula: C 12H 22O 11

Cellulase: Any enzyme that converts cellulose to the disaccharide cellobiose .

Cellulose: The main substance in the cell walls of plants, which is used in making

paper, artificial fibers, and plastics.

Chitin,

Main component of the cell walls of arthropods, found in the outer

(pronounced

ktin):

skeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates . CNMP: Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan is a conservation plan that is

unique to animal feeding operations and which incorporates

environmental practices to utilize animal manure and organic

by-products as a beneficial resource to ensure that both production

and natural resource protection goals are achieved.

Co-composting: The process of blending biosolids with manure or other green waste

materials to produce compost. Co-composting includes both the active

and curing phases of the composting process.

Compaction: In soil, compaction occurs when weight of grazing animals/livestock

or heavy machinery compresses the soil. The soil then is less able to

absorb water.

Compost: The product resulting from the decomposition of organic material.

Material used to make compost includes landscape trimmings,

agricultural crop residues, paper pulp, food scrap, wood chips, manure,

and biosolids. These are typically referred to as feedstock.

Composting:

The biological decomposition process of organic materials such as

leaves, garden waste, coffee grounds, grass clippings, brush, and food

waste into a soil amendment. Construction and demolition waste: Waste from building materials such as rubble, lumber, wire, sheet metal, and miscellaneous metal parts.

Conversion

technology:

Term used for the technologies that convert unwanted organic materials into high-value products such as energy, alternative fuels, solvents, and other products. Cover crop: A crop, such as clover, planted between periods of regular crop

production to control weeds, prevent soil erosion, and provide humus

or nitrogen to the soil.

Crown: The junction of root and stem, usually at the level of the ground.

Decomposer: An organism that feeds on and breaks down organic materials into simpler

chemical compounds.

Decomposition: The process by which organic materials chemically break down into

simpler compounds.

Dewatering: Removal of water from solid waste and sludge via mechanical or thermal

means.

Disaccharide: Any of a class of sugars, such as maltose, lactose, and sucrose, having

two linked monosaccharide units per molecule.

Ecosystem:

All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other

and the environment.

Exoskeleton:An external supportive covering of an animal such as a crab or insect (as an arthropod).

Feedstock:The raw material used for chemical or biological processes. For example, feedstock used for making compost could include grass

clippings, leaves, food scraps, plant trimmings, straw, and animal

bedding.

Foliage:The leaves of plants or trees.

Food material:Material acquired for animal or human consumption, is separated from the municipal solid waste stream, and does not meet the definition of

“agricultural material.”

Food scraps:All excess food, including surplus, spoiled, or unsold food such as vegetables and culls (lower quality vegetables or trimmings such as

onion peels or carrot tops), as well as plate scrapings. Food scraps

also are commonly called food remnants, food residuals, or food waste.

Food waste:Refers to all surplus food scraps. The term has fallen out of favor with some composters, who prefer to view this material as a resource

rather than as waste material. However, this term is interchangeable

with food scraps.

Food Web:The totality of interacting food chains within an ecosystem.

Fulvic acid: A yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions.

Fungi:Saprophytic and parasitic plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, and mushrooms.

Grasscycling:The natural recycling of grass by leaving clippings on the lawn when mowing. Grass clippings will quickly decompose, returning valuable

nutrients to the soil.

Green material:Green material includes, but is not limited to, yard trimmings, untreated wood wastes, natural fiber products, and construction and

demolition wood waste. Green material does not include food material,

biosolids, mixed solid waste, material processes from commingled

collection, wood containing lead-based paint or wood preservative, and

mixed construction or mixed demolition debris.

Green waste: A term used to refer to urban landscape waste generally consisting of leaves, grass clippings, weeds, yard trimmings, wood waste, branches

and stumps, home garden residues, and other miscellaneous organic

materials.

Hazardous Waste:This includes radioactive substances, toxic chemicals, explosives, biological waste (e.g. from hospitals), and flammable waste.

Heavy Metals: A commonly hazardous waste that can damage organisms at low

concentrations, including cadmium, mercury, and lead, and which can

be found in the waste stream in batteries, televisions, paints, and

ink.

Homopteran: Any of an order or suborder of insects (as cicadas, aphids, and scale

insects) that have sucking mouthparts, able to pierce plant tissue and

suck liquid out.

Humic Acid: Any of various organic acids obtained from humus.

Humus: The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of animal

or vegetable matter.

Hydrolysis: A catch-all term for any reaction in which the water molecule is split.

Hyphae: The plural of hypha, which is any of the filaments that constitute the

body (mycelium ) of a fungus .

Industrial sludge: Sludge from factories, manufacturing facilities, and refineries. This

type does not include any subtypes. For example, this type includes

paper pulp sludge and water treatment filter cake sludge.

Inoculate:

To implant microorganisms onto or into a culture medium. Inorganic matter: Refers to non-living source such as rocks, minerals or sand, of

nonbiological origin.

Integrated pest management (IPM): Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a

combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat

manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant

varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicates they

are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments are made

with the goal of removing only the target organism.

Invertebrate:

An organism lacking a spinal column. Laminarinase:

A polysaccharide that is found in various brown algae and yields only glucose on hydrolysis. Leachate:

A water that has percolated through a solid waste, such as a landfill. Leftovers: In terms of food scraps or food waste, may refer to food prepared in

excess that has not been served but may be collected for a human food

donation or recovery program. Leftovers can also refer to plate

scrapings that are not appropriate for human consumption.

Lerp Psyllid:

A plant-moisture sucking homopterans in the insect family

Psyllidae. Redgum lerp psyllid nymphs (immature) form a cover called

a "lerp," which is a small white, hemispherical cap composed of

solidified honeydew and wax. The UC Berkeley Biological Control of

the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid page provides additional information on Lerp

Psyllid.

Lignin: A complex polymer, the chief non-carbohydrate constituent of wood that

binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls

of plants.

Manure: Agricultural material and means accumulated herbivore or avian

excrement. This includes feces and urine, and any bedding material,

spilled feed, or soil that is mixed with feces or urine.

Mesophilic: (Gr.--Cold loving) Describes bacteria which are active in the temperature range between

40-110 degrees Fahrenheit, but thrive between 70-90 degrees

Fahrenheit. Most of the decomposition that takes place in a compost

pile is mesophilic.

Methane:

A gas created naturally in marshes and bogs, as well as landfills.

Considered a potent greenhouse gas. Microbial spore suspensions: Microscopically visible particles dispersed throughout a less dense liquid from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled

because of system viscosity or molecular interactions.

Microorganisms: Microscopic living organisms that digest organic material through

metabolic activity.

Mold: A superficial (often woolly) fungus that grows especially on damp or

decaying organic matter or on living organisms.

Monosaccharides: A sugar that is not decomposable to simpler sugars by hydrolysis . The

simplest form of sugar.

Morphology:

The form and structure of an organism or any of its parts Mulch: A layer of organic material that is spread over the bare surface of

soil to block the loss of moisture and to discourage the growth of weeds.

Typically applied around plants to minimize moisture evaporation.

Mulch is the term for non-composted materials, such as shredded or

chipped bark.

Municipal organicmaterials: Organic materials generated by residential, business, institutional, and agricultural sources, which are then collected and sent to city

and county waste facilities.

Municipal solid waste (MSW): Garbage. Refuse with the potential for energy recovery; includes residential, commercial, and institutional wastes.Means the material

part of the municipal solid waste stream and is mixed with or contains

nonorganic, processed industrial materials, or plastics. Compostable

material that contains mixed demolition or mixed construction debris

shall be considered mixed solid waste.

Mycelium: The body of a fungus , composed of many threads of tissue. Mushrooms

do not reproduce by seed, but by spores. The spores germinate to produce

threadlike structures known as hyphae . Collectively, a mass

of hyphae are known as the mycelium.

Myriapoda: Any of a group of arthropods having the body made up of numerous similar

segments nearly all of which bear true jointed legs and including the

millipedes and centipedes.

Native plant: The native plants of a given area are those that grew there prior to

European contact. Native plants have co-evolved with animals, fungi ,

and microbes to form a complex network of relationships. These plants

are the foundation of native ecosystems , or natural communities.

Nematode: Any un-segmented worm of the class Nematoda, having a tough outer

cuticle. The group includes free-living forms and

disease-causing parasites , such as the hookworm and filaria.

Also called: nematode worm , roundworm

Nitrates: A compound containing nitrogen and oxygen that can exist in the

atmosphere or in water and that can have harmful effects on humans and

animals at high concentrations.

Non-Aerated:

No air or circulation of air . Nonpoint source pollution: Diffuse discharges of waste throughout the natural environment which are a major cause of water pollution. Difficult to pinpoint physically,

but can be classified by type: urban runoff, agriculture, mining,

septic tank leach fields, and silviculture .

Organic matter: Material that comes from organisms that were once alive, or derived

from or produced through the biological activity of a living thing.

Old corrugated container (OCC): A fabricated container made from linerboard placed around a corrugated medium.

Parasite: An organism that inhabits a living host in a symbiotic relationship,

for existence or support. Typical examples include hookworms,

tapeworms, and some mites. In plants, a parasitic plant is one that

gets its sustenance from an established host plant.

Pathogen: Any organism or infectious agent, capable of causing disease or

infection. In the composting process, (found in animal waste material),

pathogens are killed by the high temperatures (131 degrees Fahrenheit

or higher for three days).

Phyllosphere: The three-dimensional micro-environmental space surrounding a leaf.

Phylloxera: Scientific Name: Daktulosphaira vitifoliae --a tiny aphid-like insect

that feeds on Vitis vinifera grape roots, stunting growth of vines

or killing them.

Phylum:

A series of animals or plants genetically connected by one or more

fundamental characteristics that set them apart from all other animals

and plants and forming a primary category of the animal or plant

kingdom.

Phytophthora

cinnamomi:

A destructive parasitic fungi causing root rot in plants. Phytophthora

ramorum: A newly identified plant pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death in a variety of hosts.

Polysaccharide: A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or more

molecules of monosaccharides especially : any of the more complex

carbohydrates (as cellulose, starch, or glycogen).

Postconsumer food scraps: Food that has been served to diners but is not eaten; also called plate scrapings. This may include vegetables, salad dressings, sauces,

cheese, meat, and bones, as well as nonfood items, such as napkins.

If the nonfood items are not separated from the food, these and other

nonfood contaminants like straws, cups, and plastic utensils will

become a part of this blend.

Preconsumer food scraps: Preconsumer scraps may include food processing wastes such as vegetable culls, brewery by-products, coffee grounds, or kitchen preparation

wastes. Restaurants, for example, often cut off inedible portions of

vegetables in food preparation. This can include carrot tops, potato

peels, lettuce leaves, broccoli stems, or similar scraps.

Protozoa: Unicellular or single-celled animals which have

varied morphology and physiology, and often complex life cycles.

Represented in almost every kind of habitat.

Psychrophilic: (Gr.--Warmth loving) Describes bacteria which are active in a low temperature range (below

65 degrees Fahrenheit), but thrive around 55 degrees Fahrenheit.

Putrescine: Produced by the breakdown of amino acids as organisms break down.

Rendering: Related to animal waste, a process that breaks down and converts animal

tissue into a usable commodity. Rendering operations can make edible

products such as canned pet food, or non-edible products like bone meal.

Rhizome: An underground, horizontal plant stem that produces shoots above and

roots below, and is distinguished from a true root in possessing buds,

nodes, and usually scale-like leaves. Examples of plants with

underground rhizomes include ginger and bamboo; plants with rhizomes

that grow above ground include some iris species and ferns.

Rhizosphere: The below-ground area that surrounds the root surface of plants, where

root secretions occur and microorganisms consume sugars released by

the roots.

Saprophages: Also known as detritus feeders. Refers to organism that contributes

to decomposition, obtaining food by absorbing dissolved organic

material.

Side dressing:

The application of fertilizer or organic matter around a plant, the

material being left on the soil surface rather than being dug in. Also

known as top dressing.

Silviculture:The care and cultivation of forest trees; forestry.

Soil amendment: A material, such as organic matter or sand, mixed into soil to improve growing conditions.

Soil biology:The study of the organisms and their activity in soil, this includes bacteria, worms, fungi, and nematodes.

Soil food web: A group of plants, soil, organic matter, and organisms that thrive within a system.

Soluble:Susceptible to being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water.

Spawn:The term used for the combination of mycelium and substrate is spawn. This can be thought of as the vegetative part of the mushroom.

Stolon: A horizontal stem at or just below the surface of the ground that roots at the nodes and produces new plants. Also called "runners."

Substrate:Any combination of materials that provide support, water retention, aeration, or nutrient retention for plant growth. In this

instance, substrate is compost into which mushroom spawn is

distributed.

Sudden Oak Death: A disease infecting oaks and several other ornamental plants that were noticed in recent years in coastal California and a small geographic

area of Oregon. The United States Department of Agriculture website

provides additional information on Phytophthora ramorum.

Textiles:Items made of thread, yarn, fabric, or cloth. This includes clothes, fabric trimmings, draperies, and all natural and synthetic cloth

fibers. This does not include cloth- covered furniture, mattresses,

leather shoes, leather bags, or leather belts.

Thatch: A mat of undercomposed plant material (as grass roots) accumulated next to the soil in a grassy area (as a lawn)

Thermophilic: (Gr.--Heat loving)Heat-loving, applied especially to certain bacteria requiring high temperatures for normal development.

Tilth:The condition of soil or land that has been tilled, especially with respect to suitability for promoting plant growth.

Tire: A pneumatic tire or solid tire manufactured for use on any type of motor vehicle.

Trommel: A revolving cylindrical sieve used for screening or sizing compost and mulch.

Vector Control: Related to rats, insects, birds, and vermin. Methods used to control

and reduce the risk of exposure to these pests that may transmit disease

pathogens to humans.

Vermicomposting: The process whereby worms feed on slowly decomposing materials (e.g.,

vegetable scraps) in a controlled environment to produce a

nutrient-rich soil amendment. Additional terms for the soil amendment

are worm castings or worm manure. This material is rich in nutrients

and is an excellent soil conditioner. Species typically used for

vermicomposting include Red Wigglers and European nightcrawlers.

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC): Carbon-containing compounds that evaporate into the air (with a few exceptions). VOCs contribute to the formation of smog and/or may

themselves be toxic. VOCs often have an odor. Typical liquids that

release VOCs include gasoline, diesel fuel, pesticides, cleaning

supplies, glues, and solvents used in paints.

Watershed: The total land area that contributes water from rain or snowmelt down

to a body of water, such as a river, reservoir, wetland, stream, lake,

or ocean. Synonymous with drainage area, drainage basin,

and catchment .

Wood-overs: Also called compost-overs, these are large, woody parts of the compost

pile that have not completely broken down and will not pass through

a minus one-half inch trommel screen.

Wood waste: Solid waste consisting of wood pieces or particles which are generated

from the manufacturing or production of wood products, harvesting,

processing, or storage of raw wood materials, or construction and

demolition activities.

Xeriscaping:

The practice of landscaping with slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants

to eliminate the need for irrigation and lower the need for water

consumption. Yard trimmings: Wastes generated from the maintenance or alteration of public,

commercial or residential landscapes including, but not limited to,

yard clippings, leaves, tree trimmings, prunings, brush, and weeds.

常见的英语单词前缀

常见的英语单词前缀（prefix） 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的） dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir,incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, noesense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant-antiknock( 防震), antiforeign ,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw（撤回，提款）, withstand（对抗，艰受）

七大单词记忆法教你快速巧记英文单词

七大单词记忆法教你高效快速巧记英文单词 老师叮咛：李辉老师说，想要提高阅读理解、写作水平，词汇量是首要问题！下面的学会这些单词记忆方法不但可以记住大量的单词，也可以使语言变活。此文件经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵！ 打游戏快乐吗？其实真正让你快乐的不是游戏，而是专注——It is 专注 that 让你快乐！事实上，如果你能够专注地背单词，或者专注地做完形魔鬼训练，也可以获得这种专注的快乐。只是，游戏会一直勾着你、让你进入一种“被动的专注状态”；但是真正掌握了“快乐之道”的人，会主动专注在一件事情上、获得“主动的专注的快乐”。 造房子用的是砖，说话用的是词，单词就是语言的基础。要提高英语成绩，词汇是一个很基础很重要的部分。但是面对着密密麻麻的单词，学生们还是感到头痛。下面介绍一些记忆单词的绝招，应该对正在词海中挣扎的你有些帮助。 ●词根词缀法： 这个方法基于英语单词的构词法，靠分解单词来记忆。每个英语单词都可以分解成一个核心词根，和前缀或后缀。例如在view（看法、景色）这个单词的基础上，加上表示再一次的前缀re，就是复习的意思；加上表示人物的后缀er，就有观众、探视器等的意思。 这是一种比较高效率的记忆方法，认识一个词缀就会帮助你认识很多单词，做到举一反三。但前提是，你必须先学习和掌握一定的词根、词缀的意义。 ●大浪淘沙法： 如果你的目标是一天记住100个单词，那么所需背诵的单词数量最好要达到500个。因为人的记忆力是有限的，所以不要指望只背20个单词，就能记住全部并且永远不会忘记。将每天背诵的数量定在500个，虽然你实际记住的也许只有100个，但是这100个一定是你记得最牢的。 把没有记住的单词继续放到第二天的计划中，这样天天坚持，就会看到成效。这个方法好比用筛子过滤沙砾，虽然漏掉的是大多数，但剩下的却是精华。要在短时间内背出大量的单词，必须以量取胜，持之以恒。 ●循环往复法： 把所要背的单词分组，比如每组100个，共50组。第一天，背第一组的100个；第二天不要急着前行，先用比前一天快一倍的速度把第一组的单词过一遍，然后再看第二组的单词；几天以后再复习第一天的单词，以此类推。 这样做虽然可能影响背单词的进度，但能有效地巩固所学的内容，以滚雪球的方式加深记忆。 人会遗忘，最好的方法是在你正要遗忘的时候复习一下，这相当于对原来记忆进行刺激，会使快要忘记的东西记得很牢。这个方法因人而异，你可以根据自己的记忆力情况，决定复习的周期。如果怕雪球越滚越大，到后来每天的任务越来越艰巨，你也可以先把要背的所有单词都背一遍，采取每第二天只复习前一天的内容方法，等全部背完一遍后再从头来第二遍。 ●创意联想法： 联想的方法有很多，一般可以从意思上、读音上或者形象上联想。例如，vernal（春天的）和venial（可宽恕的），这两个单词长得很像，读音也相似，唯一的区别在于前者有个r，后者有个i。根据意思，不妨这样想，r很像一片小树叶，自然是和春天有关；而i像个人，是人自然会犯错，就和宽恕的意义联系了起来。这种方法有时看来牵强附会，但对于少数实在记不住的单词，不妨发挥创意，根据自己的习惯和文化背景联想记忆，也会使枯燥的背诵有了乐趣。 ●快速扫视法： 把每天要背的单词写在纸上，左边写英文，右边写中文意思。先扫视一遍，然后遮住中文意思，进行回忆，没有记住的就做个记号。第二遍只扫视有记号的，然后遮住中文意思，再回忆，没有记住的再做记号。一直到所有单词都记住为止。那些记号最多的单词也就是最难的，今后复习时可以作为

英语单词的常见前缀列表

英语中常见的前缀列表 PREFIX前缀MEANING含义EXAMPLES举例 ante- before，前- antenatal, anteroom, antedate anti- against, opposing，反- antibiotic, antidepressant, antidote circum- around，圆，周围- circumstance, circumvent, circumnavigate co- with，一起，同- co-worker, co-pilot, co-operation de- off, down, away from，离，不- devalue, defrost, derail, demotivate dis- opposite of, not，不，反- disagree, disappear, disintegrate, disapprove em-, en- cause to, put into，使，造成- embrace, encode, embed, enclose, engulf epi- upon, close to, after，上，近- epicentre, episcope, epidermis ex- former, out of，前任，向外- ex-president, ex-boyfriend, exterminate extra- beyond, more than，超出，多- extracurricular, extraordinary, extra-terrestrial fore- before，前，前面- forecast, forehead, foresee, foreword, foremost homo- same，同，双- homosexual, homonuclear, homoplastic hyper- over, above，上，上面- hyperactive, hyperventilate il-, im-, not，不，无，否定- impossible, illegal, irresponsible, indefinite in-, ir- im-, in- into，里，内部- insert, import, inside infra- beneath, below，下，下面- infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic, infraspecific inter-, between，之间- interact, intermediate, intergalactic, intranet intra- macro- large，大- macroeconomics, macromolecule micro- small，小- microscope, microbiology, microfilm, microwave mid- middle，中间，中等- midfielder, midway, midsummer

单词前缀总汇

Prefixes Example a-/an- == no；without；lack amateur 不熟练的，业余的anonymous 匿名的 asocial 不好社交的 anechoic 消声的 anharmonic 不和谐的anarchism 无政府主义acentric 无中心的 amoral 非道德性的 asexual 无性别的 a- == in；on；at；by；with；to asleep 在熟睡中 ahead 向前，在前头 abreast 肩并肩地 aside 在一边 abed 在床上 abloom 开花 a-/an- == 加强意义 aloud 高声地 aright 正确地 awake 唤醒 aweary 疲倦的 annotate 注释 announce 宣布，通告 ab- == from；away from abnormal 不正常的 abroad 国外的 abuse 滥用 absorb 吸去 abaxial 离开轴心的 abend 异常终止 ac- == at；to，或表示加强意义accustom 使习惯 account 计算，算帐 accredit 信任 accompany 陪伴 acclaim 欢呼，喝彩accomplish 完成 ad- == to；toward；forward advice 建议 advocate 倡导 adjoin 临近

adjust 调整 admixture 混杂 adventure 冒险 af- == at；to，或表示加强意义 affright 震惊，恐惧 affix 附加，贴上 affirm 肯定，确实 ag- == at；to，或表示加强意义 aggrandize 增大 aggravate 加重 aggrieve 使悲痛 amphi- == 两、双 amphicar 水陆两用车 amphibian 水陆两栖的 amphitheatre 两边都可观看的剧场，圆形剧场ante- == before antecedent 先前的，先行的 antetype 先型，原型 anteport 前港，外港 anteroom 前室，接待室 antedate 比实际早日期 antestomach 前胃 anti- == against antipathy 反感 antifreeze 防冻 antiwar 反战的 anti-imperlialist 反帝的 antiageing 防衰老的 antitank 反坦克 ap- == 加强或引伸意义 appoint 指定，任命 appraise 评价 appease 平息，绥靖 ap-/apo- == 离开 apogee 远地点 apostasy 脱党，叛教 aphelion （天文）远日点 ar- == at；to，表示加强及引伸意义 arrange 安排，布置 arrect 直立的 arrear 在后，拖延 arch- == 1）big；chief. 2）ancient archbishop 大主教 archaeology 考古学

英语单词的前缀与后缀

英语前缀后缀表后缀 1, -ability表名词 , “能，性质”possibility 2, -able表形容词 , “可…的” believable 3, -aceous, -acious表形容词, “有…特征的” delicious 4, -acity表名词 , “有…倾向”capacity 5, -acy表名词 , “性质 , 状态”privacy 6, -age表名词 , “状态 , 总称”, “场所” , “费用” percentage, village, cottage, postage 7, -ain表名词“人” captain 8, -aire表名词“人” millionaire 9, -al表形容词“…的” personal, continental, rural 10, -ality表名词“状态 , 性质”personality, nationality 11, -ally表副词“…地” dramatically 12, -an表名词和形容词“人”American, Roman 13, -ance, ence表名词 , “性质, 状况” difference 14, -ancy表名词“性质 , 状况”vacancy, redundancy 15, -ant, -ent表形容词“…的” distant, different 16, -ar表形容词“…的” familiar 表名词, “人” liar, beggar 17, -ard表名词 , “不好的人”bastard, coward, laggard 18, -arian表名词 , “…的人” vegetarian, 19, -ary表形容词 , “…的” imaginary, elementary 20, -ate表动词 , “做 , 造成” graduate, frustrate 21, -atic表形容词 , “有…性质”diplomatic 22, -ation表名词“行为 , 过程 , 结果” election, production 23, -ative表形容词“有…倾向”active 24, -ator表名词 , “做事的人或物”dictator, generator 25, -atory表形容词 , “有…性质”explanatory 26, -cy表名词“性质 , 状态”privacy 27, -dom表名词“状态” freedom 28, -ee表名词“被动的或主动的人”employee, examinee 29, -eer表名词“人员” engineer 30, -el表名词“人或物” novel, channel 31, -en表动词“变成” shorten, darken 32, -ency表名词“状态 , 性质”efficiency 33, -ent表形容词 , “…的” excellent 表名词“人” student, resident 34, -eous表形容词 , “有…的”courteous, 35, -er表名词“人” singer, leader, writer表动词“反复做” mutter, chatter, waver 36, -ern表形容词 , “…方向的”eastern, western, southern 37, -ery表名词“场所” , “行为”nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery 38, -esque表形容词“如…的”picturesque 39, -ess表名词“女性” poetess, goddess, actress 40, -et, -let表名词 , “小东西”circlet, booklet 41, -etic表形容词 , “属于…的”theoretic, energetic 42, -ette表名词 , “小的东西或状态”kitchenette

英语单词前缀

1 re- （1）．表示"回"或"向后"的意思。 例如：return（回来，返回）recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩回，取回） （2）．表示"再"、"重新"、"重复"的意思。 例如：review（复习）reunion（团圆，重聚）restart（重新开始）reconstruction（重建）（3）．表示"相反"、"反对"的意思。 例如： rebel（反叛，谋反）reverse（反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗） 2 ex-： （1）．表示"出"、"外"、"由……中弄出"。 例如：export（出口，输出） extract（抽出，拔出） expel（逐出，赶出） （2）．表示"前任的，以前的"。 例如： ex-president（前任总统） ex-soldier（退伍军人） ex-husband （前夫） ex-mayor （前任市长） ex-wife （前妻） ex-Nazis （前纳粹分子） 3 anti- anti-表示"反对"、"相反"或"防止"。 例如：antiwar（反战的） anti-colonial [k?'l?unj?l]（反殖民主义的） antifat（防止肥胖的） antimissile（反导弹） 4 macro-与micro- macro-与micro-是一对意义相反的前缀，macro-表示"宏、大"；micro-表示"微"。 例如：Macro-world（宏观世界） macroeconomics（宏观经济学） macroscale（大规模） microscope（显微镜） microworld（微观世界） microelement（微量元素） 5 trans- trans-有两个意义： （1）．表示"转变"、"变换"。 例如： transport（运输---从一地转到另一地） transplant 移植translation 翻译 trans-form 使变形，改造 （2）．表示"超过"、"横跨"、"超"。 例如：Trans-century（跨世纪）trans-national（跨国的） trans-continental（横跨大陆的）transatlantic[tr?nz?t'l?ntik]（横跨大西洋的） 6 a-/an-表示无；非；缺乏 例如： amateur ['?m?t?]（不熟练的,业余的,） asocial [ei's?u??l]（不好社交 的）, anechoic [,?ne'k?uik]（消声的） anharmonic [,?nhɑ:'m?nik]（不和谐 的） anarchism ['?n?kiz?m]（无政府主义） acentric （无中心的,） amoral （非道德性的） 7 前缀 a- == 处于...状态或过程中；在…之上；朝着；用于加强语气 例如： asleep 在熟睡中, ahead 向前，在前头, abreast 肩并肩地, aside 在一边, abed 在床上, abloom 开花 8 前缀a-/an-表示无；非；缺乏 例如：aloud 高声地 aright 正确地 awake 唤醒 aweary 疲倦的 annotate 注释 announce 宣布，通告 9前缀ab- 表示偏离，脱离或离开。例如：abnormal 不正常的, abroad 国外的 abuse 滥用 abaxial 离开轴心的 10 前缀ac- 表示

英语单词前缀

英语单词前缀 一．表示否定的前缀 1．dis－加在名词、形容词，动词之前。 例词：disadvantage（缺点）dishonorable（不光彩的）disagree（不同意） 2．in-加在形容词，名词之前例词：incorrect（不正确的），inability（无能，无力），inaccurate （不准确的） 3．im-加在字母m,b,p之前例词：impossible（不顺能的），impolite（不礼貌的），impudence（厚颜无耻） 4．il-加在以1开头的词前例词：illegal（非法的），illiterate（文盲的，无文化的）illogical （不合逻辑的） 5．ir-加在以r开头的词前例词：irregular（不稳定的），irresistable（不可抵抗的）， irresolvable（不能分解的不解决的） 6．un-加在名词，形容词，副词之前 例词：unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的）unemployment（失业） 7．non-加在形容词，名词前 例词：non-existence（不存在），non-essential（不主要的），non-electrical（非电的） 8．mis－加在动词、名词之前 例词：misunderstand（误解），misjudge（误判），misleading（误导），misfortune（不幸） 9．dis-加地动词之前例词：disappear（消失），disarm（解除武装），disconnect（失去联系） 10．de-加在名词，形容词之前例词：demobilize(遣散；使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 11．anti-加在名词、形容词之前 例词：anti-Japanese（抗日战争），anti-social（厌恶社会的，反社会的），antidite（解毒药） 12．counter-加在名词、动词前 例词：counterattack（反攻，反击），counteract（抵抗，阻碍）counterrevolution（反革命） 二.表示“前”的前缀 1．pre- 例词：preconception（成见），pre-exsiting（先于……而存在的），pre-selection（选举前

英语单词常见前缀

中国人在学习英语的过程中，感到最困难的就是记忆单词，这在很大程度上是因为我们对英语的构词规律缺乏认识和分析。如果我们对英语单词的结构像对汉语的偏旁、部首一样熟悉，记忆英语单词就不会那么枯燥、乏味了。在汉语中，当我们见到“财”、“贩”、“购”、“资”、“货”等字时，从部首“贝”就知道它们都与钱有关。英语单词同样是由词缀和词根构成的，词缀分为前缀和后缀。前缀一般有固定的含义，构词力很强。下面介绍几种常见的英语前缀。 1．反义前缀 1）表示否定意义的前缀 a- = not, without表示“无”、“不” a-+ symmetry （对称）→ asymmetry 不对称 a- + typical (典型的) → atypical非典型的 dis- = not, deprive of表示“不”、“剥夺”、“取消” dis- + agree（一致，同意）→disagree不一致，意见不合 dis- + arm（武装）→disarm解除武装 dis-+approve (同意，批准) →disapprove不赞成，不准 il-, im-, in-, ir-= not表示“非”、“不” il- + literate（有读写能力的）→ illiterate文盲的 im- + possible（可能的）→ impossible不可能的 in- + valuable（有价值的）→ invaluable无价的，非常珍贵的 ir- + responsible（对……负责任的）→irresponsible不负责任的 ir- + religious（宗教的，虔诚的）→irreligious无信仰的，不虔诚的

高考英语-英语单词前后缀汇总

英语前缀汇总 a-/an- == no;without;lack amateur 不熟练的,业余的anonymous 匿名的asocial 不好社交的anechoic 消声的anharmonic 不和谐的anarchism 无政府主义acentric 无中心的 amoral 非道德性的asexual 无性别的 a- == in;on;at;by;with;to asleep 在熟睡中 ahead 向前，在前头abreast 肩并肩地 aside 在一边 abed 在床上 abloom 开花 a-/an- == 加强意义 aloud 高声地 aright 正确地 awake 唤醒 aweary 疲倦的 annotate 注释 announce 宣布，通告 ab- == from;away from abnormal 不正常的abroad 国外的 abuse 滥用 absorb 吸去 abaxial 离开轴心的 abend 异常终止 ac- == at;to,或表示加强意义accustom 使习惯 account 计算，算帐accredit 信任 accompany 陪伴 acclaim 欢呼，喝彩accomplish 完成ad- == to;toward;forward advice 建议 advocate 倡导 adjoin 临近 adjust 调整 admixture 混杂 adventure 冒险 af- == at;to,或表示加强意义 affright 震惊，恐惧 affix 附加，贴上 affirm 肯定，确实 ag- == at;to,或表示加强意义aggrandize 增大 aggravate 加重 aggrieve 使悲痛 amphi- == 两、双 amphicar 水陆两用车 amphibian 水陆两栖的 amphitheatre 两边都可观看的剧场，圆形剧场 ante- == before antecedent 先前的，先行的 antetype 先型，原型 anteport 前港，外港 anteroom 前室，接待室 antedate 比实际早日期 antestomach 前胃 anti- == against antipathy 反感 antifreeze 防冻 antiwar 反战的 anti-imperlialist 反帝的 antiageing 防衰老的 antitank 反坦克 ap- == 加强或引伸意义 appoint 指定，任命 appraise 评价

英语词汇单词

前缀 [qián zhuì] 汉语里指在词根前面的构词成分。如“阿哥”、“阿姨”中的“阿”，英文中指一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix）。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。 中文名：前缀 特点：构词位置上具有定位性 词根：stem 后缀：suffix 分享 中文前缀 以结合形式出现，与一词、词根或短语开头的一个音或连续几个音相接，或书写中一个字母或连续几个字母用以产生出派生词或变化形式。 定义 吕叔湘从语素的特点出发，认为语素在具有“不单用，但是活动能力较强，结合面较宽，有单向性，即只位于别的语素之前，"的特点时，叫“前缀"。还有一些学者是从构词法的角度给“前缀"下定义。朱德熙认为“词缀"只表示抽象的语法意义，“把词缀粘附在词根上的构词方式叫‘附加一。而‘‘‘词缀’都是定位语素，有前置的叫“前缀"。圆任学良提出汉语的词缀属于附加式构词法，认为“词头、词尾、词嵌”(即前缀、后缀、中缀)是“词干"(即词根)的“附加成分"。而“前缀"是“词根"的“前加成分’’。它没有词汇意义，只有语法意义。但是部分前缀在与一些特定语素结合时，仍带有一定的词汇意义。而它们的所带有的词汇意义往往是虚化了的词汇义，如“老’’在姓氏前，“老王”、“老李”等有一种亲切、熟悉的含义。 综上所述，前缀就是紧密附着于词根的语素，中间不能插入其它成分，并且它的位置是固定的——-位于词根之前。语义上是高度虚化的，所以只具有语法上的意义，而没有词汇意义。 特点 1、前缀在构词位置上具有定位性 前缀与词根的位置关系是固定的，始终位于词根之前，如“老”，“老兄、老娘、老王、老李、老鼠、老几、老师??"。值得注意的是，现今词汇中有“马老、刘老"一说，即“姓氏+老"的情况。我们说这里的“老"虽然位于后边，但它不是词缀。因为我们在说“马老、刘老”时，一般是用来称呼年纪的、资历深的老先生，郭良夫称“这种情况最好把它看成是具有实义的中心语素更好"，而不应看作词缀。所以以前缀“老"为例，我们说如果某语素可以成为“前缀"，那么它的位置就应该固定在词根之前的，不能随意调换位置。 2、前缀与词根关系紧密，具有非独立成词性 前缀与词根的关系紧密表现在它紧密附着于词根，中间不能插入其它成分。“词缀不论是真词缀还是准词缀都是与词根结合得很紧的成分，又由于它与词根只有位置关系，因而它与词根之间不能插入其他任何成分如‘的’’字。否则不是词缀如‘副’"。我们说对于“副"这样的语素，

英语词汇前缀及后缀汇总

英语词汇前缀汇总 表示否定dis－名词、形容词，动词 disadvantage（缺点）dishonorable（不光彩的）disagree（不同意） in-形容词、名词 incorrect（不正确的），inability（无能，无力），inaccurate（不准确的） im-字母m,b,p开头的词 impossible（不顺能的），impolite（不礼貌的），impudence（厚颜无耻） il-l开头的词 illegal（非法的），illiterate（没文化的）illogical（不合逻辑的） ir-r开头的词 irregular（不稳定的），irresistable（不可抵抗的），irresolvable（不能分解的，不能解决的）un-名词、形容词、副词 unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的）unemployment（失业） non-形容词、名词 non-existence（不存在），non-essential（不主要的），non-electrical（非电的） mis－动词、名词 misunderstand（误解），misjudge（误判），misleading（误导），misfortune（不幸） dis-动词 disappear（消失），disarm（解除武装），disconnect（失去联系） anti-名词、形容词 anti-social（厌恶社会的，反社会的），antidite（解毒药） counter-名词、动词 counterattack（反攻，反击），counteract（抵抗，阻碍） de-名词、形容词 demobilize(遣散；使…复员) decolor(脱色, 漂白) 表示“前”pre- preconception（成见），pre-exsiting（先于……而存在的），preface（前言） Ante- anteroom（前室，接待室），antecessor（先行者，先驱者） Fore- forehaed（前额），foreground（前景），foresee（预见，先见），foretell（预言） Pro- programme（计划），prologue（序幕） Ex- ex-president（前任总统）ex-wife（前妻） 其它前缀“后”post- post-war（战后），post-position（后置词），postmeridian（下午） “亚、次、副” Sub- Sub-editor（副编辑），sub-way（地铁），sub-conscious（下意识的），submarine（海下的），subtropical（亚热带的），subtitle（副标题） “再”Re- Refuel（给…加油），retranslate（再译），reinforce（加强），reconstruct（重建），return（返回） “向后”Retro-

英语词汇前缀一览表

a- 处于……状态 a- 非，没有，缺少 aero- 空气（的），航空（的） Afro- 非洲的，非洲以及……的 after- 在……以后的 Aglo- 英国的，英格兰的；英国（英格兰）与……的aglo- 农业（的） ambi- 二（者） ante- 在……之前，在前 anti- 反，阻 arch- 为首的，主要的 astro- 星球的，太空的 audio- 听觉的，音频的 Austro- 澳洲与……的 auto- 用自己（做）的；自动的 be- （用语构成动词和形容词）使，有 bi- 二，两（倍） bio- 生命的，生物的 centi- 百分之一 co- 一起，共同 counter- 相反的，反 cross- 横跨，交差 de- 否定，倒转；除去，剥夺 deca- 十 deci- 十分之一 dis- 否定，相反 em- （用于b，m或p之前）使成为-，使增加 en- （用于构成动词）使成为，使增加 equi- 同等，相等 Euro- 欧洲的，欧洲经济共同体的 ex- 从前 extra- 不包括，超出 fore- 先，前；在前面的 foster- 收养的，义亲的 France- 法国的；法国与……的 geo- 地球；土地 heeto- 一百 hydro- 与水有关的，用水的 hyper- 过度的 il- 否定 im- （用于b，m或者p之前）不，非 in- 不，非；入，内向 inter- 在……之间，在……之内

intra- 在……之内（的） ir- （用于r之前）不，非 kilo- 一千 macro- 大的，宏观的 mal- 坏，不良 maxi- 特别大的，特别长的 mega- 一百万；极大，极强 micro- （尤与科学用语连用）极小的，微小的 用显微镜的；百万分之一 mid- 中间，在……之间 milli- 千分之一 mini- 极小的，极短的 mis- 坏，错；缺乏的，相反 mono- 一，单一 multi- 多 neo- 新，新型的 non- 非，不 over- 过分；在……上面，在……上空 pan- 全 para- 超；接近，类似 penta- 五 poly- 多 post- 后，在……之后 pre- 先，在……之前 pro- 亲，赞成 pseudo- 伪，假 psycho- 精神（病）的，心理的 quadri- 思（倍） quasi- 近乎，准 re- 再，重新 self- 由（靠）自身的；（对）自身的，为自己的semi- 一半的；部分的，不完全的 step- 继的 sub- 在……之下，低于；（等级等）次，亚 （性质）次，亚；（地位）低，副super- 超级，超过 tele- 远（距离）；由（为）电视 trans- 横过，在（到）……的另一边 tri- 三，三次（倍） ultra- 超，极 un- （构成形容词或副词）不，未 （构成动词）表示相反的动作 under- 太少，不足；在……下面 uni- 单，独

英语单词前后缀汇总

英语前缀汇总acclaim欢呼，喝彩accomplish 完成a-/a n- == no ;without;lack ad- == to;toward;forward advice建议 amateur不熟练的,业余的advocate 倡导 anonym ous匿名的adjoin临近 asocial不好社交的adjust调整 an echoic消声的admixture 混杂 an harm onic不和谐的adve nture 冒险 an archism无政府主义ace ntric 无中心 的af- == at;to,或表示加强意义 amoral非道德性的affright震惊，恐惧 asexual无性别的affix附加，贴上 a- == in;on ;at;by;with;to asleep在熟睡中affirm肯疋，确头 ag- == at;to,或表示加强意义 ahead向前，在前头aggra ndize 增大abreast肩并肩地aggravate力卩重aside在一边aggrieve使悲痛abed在床上abloom开花 amphi-==两、双 a-/an-==力卩强意义amphicar水陆两用车amphibia n水陆两栖的 aloud咼声地amphitheatre两边都可观看的剧场，圆aright正确地形剧场 awake唤醒aweary疲倦的 an te- == before anno tate 注释an tecede nt先前的，先行的announce旦布，通告an tetype先型，原型 ab- == from;away from an teport前港，外港an teroom前室，接待室 abno rmal不正常的an tedate比实际早日期abroad国外的an testomach 前胃abuse滥用absorb吸去 an ti- == aga inst abaxial离开轴心的an tipathy 反感 abend异常终止an tifreeze 防冻 ac- == at;to,或表示加强意义antiwar反战的 anti-imperlialist 反帝的 accustom使习惯an tiage ing防衰老的acco unt计算，算帐an tita nk反坦克 accredit 信任accompa ny 陪伴ap-==加强或引伸意义

常见的英语单词前缀

常见的英语单词前缀 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的） dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, noesense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), 排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand

2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转”circumstance, circuit 4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend, degrade 5)en-, 表示“在内，进入” encage, enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外” exit, eclipse, expand, export 7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import 10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”international, interaction, internet 11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce, introduce 12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward 14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard 15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)，

英语单词常见前后缀汇总

英语单词常见前后缀汇总---前缀 a ，an ①无，不，非astable不稳定的acentric无中心的 ②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中ahead向前 ab 脱离abnormal不正常的abaxial离开轴心的 anti 反抗antiwar反战的anti imperialist反帝的 auto 自动，自己autobiography自传autostable自动稳定 be 使…加强belittle使缩小befriend友好相待 bi 二，双biweekly双周刊biligual两种语言的 co,col,com,con,cor 共同cooperation协作collaboration协作，勾结combine联合,correlation相互关系 counter ,contra 反，对应counteraction反作用contrast对比,对照 di ,dif ,dis 否定，相反diffident不自信的dislike不喜欢 en,em 使… enlarge扩大enable使…能empower使…有权力 e ,ex 外，出external外部的erupt喷出 extra 以外，超过extraordinary格外的extrasolar太阳系以外的 hyper 在上，超hyperfrequency超高频hypersonic超声的 il ,im ,in ,ir 否定illogical不合逻辑的impossible不可能的invisible 不可见irrational不合理的 inter 互相interchange交换interlock连锁 intra ,int r o 在内，内部intrapersonal个人内心的introspect内省 mal 恶，不良maltreat虐待malfunction机能失常

英语单词记忆必备-常用英语前缀后缀

英语单词记忆必备－常用英语前缀后缀 常用英语前缀后缀 一. 常见的前缀 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-,dis- in-, ig-, il, im, ir, ne-, n-, non-, neg-, un- 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-,mis-, pseudo-, 3)表示反动作的意思 de-,dis-, un-, 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant-contra-, contre-, contro-,counter-, ob-, oc-, of-, op-, with-, 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” 2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” 4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” 5)en-, 表示“在内，进入” 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外” 7)extra-, 表示“额外” 8)fore- 表示“在前面”9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” 10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” 11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧” 12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间” 13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” 14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” 15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次” 16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面” 17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前” 18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下” 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上” 20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边” 21)under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” 22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” 3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀 1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先” 2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧” 3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面” 4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间” 5)post-"表示“在后，后” 6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先” 7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”