上海 八年级英语 上册 新世纪版知识点汇总

Unit One Modern Technology

Lesson One Computers

【词形变换】 mouse---mice（复数） main --- mainly

electronic --- electrical --- electricity relax --- relaxed able --- enable

invent（发明 V）---inventor（发明家）---invention（发明物）【重要短语】 type in输入，键入

ought（not）to = should（not）应该 get/be familiar with 熟悉 and so on 等等

What’s the use of…? ……的用途是什么？ at the age of 在……岁时 learn from…向……学习

be worried about = worry about 担心…… allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Would you please + V.原形?

stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 pay attention to（介词）注意 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 spend…on sth. = spend…(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 millions of 数百万的 use…to do sth. 用…...做某事

all/different/many kinds of 各种各样的 in brief 简言之

neither…nor…既不……, 也不……

be connected to 与……连接在一起

be able to 的用法：（可用于各种时态，而can不能）现在：am/is/are (not) able to 过去：was/were (not) able to 将来：will (not) be able to

Lesson Two Robots

【词形变换】

different（形）---difference（名）---differently （副） danger --- dangerous operate --- operation memory --- memorize industry --- industrial m edicine --- medical

please---pleasure（名）---pleased（形人）---pleasant（形物）【重要短语】 tidy up 整理，收拾 make the bed 铺床

perform/do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术 perform/do operations on sb. = operate on sb. be different from与……不同 be the same as与……相同 know nothing about 对……一无所知 with pleasure 高兴地，快乐地；乐意地

what else = what other things （else常放在不定代词和疑问词的后面） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 practise doing sth. 练习做某事

not only…but also…不但……而且…… not…any more/longer = no more/longer不再 keep doing sth. 一直不停地做某事

be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物/做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 with/without the help of 在……的帮助下 / 没有……的帮助

不定代词的用法：

something 常用于肯定句中，也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中 anything 常用于否定句或疑问句中 nothing 常用于否定句中（what） everything

上述不定代词都指物，不能和of连用，都是单数。

someone = somebody 常用于肯定句中 anyone = anybody 常用于否定或疑问句中 no one = nobody 常用于否定句中（who） everyone = everybody

上述不定代词都指人，不能和of连用，也都是单数。

none既可指人也可指物，既可用作单数也可用作复数，常和of连用。（how many）Lesson Three Household Appliances

【词形变换】 clean --- cleaner apply --- appliance 【重要短语】 move into/to 搬进/到 be made in 在……制造

be made of 由……制成（可看出原材料） be made from由……制成（看不出原材料）

turn on/off 打开/ 关闭 turn up/down 调高/ 调低 finish doing sth. 结束做某事

What’s that button for? 那个按钮是干什么的？ a piece of cake 容易的事情

enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩得愉快 by hand 手工；手动

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人……时间 in addition 此外；加之

enable sb. to do sth. 能使某人做某事 at the same time 同时 both…and………和……都 way of life 生活方式语法：感叹句

How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. How interesting the book is! What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What an interesting book it is!

What + a/an + adj. + n.（单数名词）+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What a lovely girl she is!

What + adj. + n.（复数名词或不可数名词）+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What bad weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!

Unit Two Culture and Customs

Lesson One Visiting a British Family

【词形变换】 culture --- cultural custom --- customer paint --- painting love --- lover --- lovely please --- pleased --- pleasant --- pleasure 【重要短语】 try（it） on 试穿

shake hands with 和……握手

put up 张贴，举起 put on 穿上 put out 熄灭，扑灭

sitting room 起居室

be one’s first to do sth. 某人第一次做某事 show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地 for the first time 第一次

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 a group of 一群

be busy doing sth. = be busy with sth. 忙于做某事 in response to 作为对……的答复；作为对……的反应 Chinese painting 国画 English-speaking 说英语的 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 something to drink 一些喝的东西 on a study trip 进行一次学习旅行

since引导的原因状语从句

（主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时） e.g.

The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.

Lesson Two Eating Out

【词形变换】 start --- starter

wait --- waiter --- waitress sure --- surely noise --- noisy --- noisily

sure --- surely noise --- noisy --- noisily

hard --- hardly

【重要短语】 eat out 吃完 have been to 去过 have gone to 去了 return to…返回

invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to…邀请某人去

few（否） a few（肯）修饰可数名词复数 little（否） a little（肯）修饰不可数名词 by the way 顺便问一下 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask for…寻求

What do you think of…? = How do you like…? 你觉得怎么样？ be for 赞成 be against 反

对 on weekdays 在工作日 at weekends 在周末 be fond of 喜欢

such as 例如，诸如……之类 first of all = at first 首先 in addition 此外 what’s more 而且 main course 主菜

take sb.’s order 记录某人点的菜 go Dutch 各人付各人的帐 service charge 服务费 be true for 对……适用，符合于

so…that （中间接形容词或副词原级）----引导的结果状语从句

such…that （中间接名词短语）“如此……，以致……”

Unit Three Knowledge of Common Interest

Lesson One Idioms with Body Parts

【词形变换】

attention --- attentive --- attentively

mean --- meaning --- meaningful --- meaningless listen --- listener loud --- loudly --- aloud

【重要短语】

You’ve got a sweet tooth. 你喜欢吃甜食。 I see eye to eye with you. 我与你的看法完全一致。 He’s got a green thumb. 他园艺技能高超。 He’s all ears. 他全神贯注地听。

You’ve just hit the nail on the head. 你正好击中要害（一针见血）。 You should stand on your own feet.（You should be independent.） He’s pulling your leg.（He’s kidding.） It will cost an arm and a leg.（It will cost a lot.） I’m all thumbs.（I’m clumsy.）She’s got him under her thumb.（She controls him.） be good at 擅长 = do well in

with the help of 在……的帮助下，借助于…… teach sb. sth. 教某人某事（宾格） teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 teach oneself = learn…by heart 自学 the way to…去……的路 be quiet = keep quiet 保持安静 on the other hand 另一方面

be careful = look out = take care 小心，当心 never mind 没关系，不要紧

by heart 靠记忆

as soon as引导的时间状语从句（主句将来时，从句一般现在时） e.g.

He will give me a call as soon as he gets to Beijing.

Lesson Two Exhibitions and Museums

【词形变换】

exhibit --- exhibition price --- priceless enter --- entrance economy --- economic proud --- pride produce --- product --- production 【重要短语】 wait for sb. 等待某人

It is（has been） + 一段时间 + since + 句子（一般过去时）“自从……以来，已经有……的时间了。” two more… = another two…再两个，又两个 as well 也

not…until 直到……才 at the entrance (to) 在入口处 That’s fine with me. 行，没问题。this coming Saturday 即将到来的这个星期六 in the mid nineteenth century 在19世纪中叶 in order to = so as to 为了…… so that 以便，为了 be the pride of …...的价格

be proud of = take pride in 以……为自豪，以……为骄傲 since then 从那时起

open to the public 向公众开放

since引导的原因状语从句

（主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时） e.g.

The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.

Lesson Three Wonders of the World

【词形变换】

wonder --- wonderful --- wonderfully

die---death（名）---dead（形）---dying（现在分词）

live ---alive活着的 ---lively生动的，逼真的 ---living（形）活的，有生命力的 weigh---weight long---length wide---width high---height strong---strength deep---depth wise---wisdom 【重要短语】

cover an area of 占地…… thousands of 数千，成千上万 be made up of 由……组成 = consist of be made in 在……制造

be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料） be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料） be made into 被制成…… work on 从事

be friendly to 对……友好 in height = high 高

in length = long 长

the same…as 同样的…… (colour, size, age, height…) keep…alive 使……活着 to this day 至今 add to 增加，加到 add up to 总计达

in fact = actually 事实上，实际上 tour guide 导游

Unit Four Animals and Plants

Lesson One A Visit to an Agricultural Park

【词形变换】

amaze --- amazing --- amazed nature --- natural

chemistry --- chemical --- chemist 【重要短语】

be/come/get back from 从……回来 hear of 听说，听到有关……的消息 varieties of 各种的，种类繁多的 all year round 全年，一年到头 at noon/night/mid-night 在中午 in this way 用这种方法 be covered with 被……覆盖 take photos of…拍……的照片 set out 出发，动身

show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地 instead of 代替，而不是

learn a lot 学到许多 tell…from 区别；分辨 learn…from 向……学习

疑问词+不定式（常放在动词的后面做宾语） what to do = how to do it where to go when to start who to talk to等

Lesson Two For or Against Keeping Pets

【词形变换】 favour --- favourite friend --- friendly

add --- addition --- additional attack --- attacker recent --- recently

【重要短语】

argue about sth. 争论某事 argue with sb. 与某人争论

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 keep pets 饲养宠物 keep a pet be in favour of 赞成，赞同

keep sb. company 陪伴某人，与某人形影不离 in one’s opinion 依某人看，在某人看来 feel lonely 感到孤独 (alone单独，独自)

be in danger 处于危险中（in trouble，in need…等） be good/bad for 对……有益

some…,others…（one…, the other…） donate sth. to…把某物捐给…… walk a dog 遛狗 hurry to…匆忙去…… in a hurry 匆忙地

be friendly to 对……很友好 in addition 此外，加之 treat…as 把……看作，视为

in honour of 为纪念……；为了向……表示敬意

if/whether引导的宾语从句（要用陈述句语序）如果有or not时，只能用whether，不能用if that引导的宾语从句

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exited abut ding hat is expeted f hi Suppse, fr exaple, that a teaher tells his students the eah ust slve ne hundred ath prbles befre ing t shl the next da The hildren plain abut s uh her But ne student des nt prtest at all That student is an eager beaver He lves t d ath prbles, and des nt ind all the her The expressin is said t have e fr the nae f a hard-ring anial---the beaver Beavers are strange-ling reatures The spend a lt f tie in the ater, building das t reate little laes r pnds The use their huge teeth and r hard t ut dn trees, reve branhes and put the arss streas The use their tails t pa ud n the branhes t ae the das slid Fe ther anials r s hard Histrians sa the beaver had an iprtant part in the settleent f Nrth Aeria There ere hundreds f illins f beavers hen Eurpean settlers first arrived The settlers put great value n the fur f beavers In fat, fr t hundred ears r re, beavers prvided the st valuable fur in Nrth Aeria Beaver sins ften used as ne ung en ling fr adventure headed est arss the untr t searh fr beavers In their searh, the explred uh f the estern territries The trading psts, here the exhanged beaver sins fr the gds the needed, beae villages, and later tns and ities IT’S IN THE BAG The bag---ne f the siplest and st useful things in ever an r an’s life---has given the rld an strange expressins that are nt ver siple A nuber f these expressins are idel used in the United States tda Se ere

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