条件句

条件句

一个条件句包括两部分: 条件或“si"从句和主句。从句和主句都可以防在句首。法语中条件句有如下几种形式。

条件式现在时& 条件式将来时

W当从句中的动词为现在时，主句的动词既可以为现在时，又可以为将来时。它既可以指可能性，又可以指普遍性。命令式也可以用在条件句中，给出建议或指导。

例如:

S'il neige, nous ne sortirons pas.

(现在时....................... 将来时)如果下雪，我们将不出去。

S'il neige, nous ne sortons pas.

(现在时.................... 现在时)如果下雪，我们不出去。

S'il neige, ne sortez pas.

(现在时........... 命令式)如果下雪，你就别出去了。

条件式现在时是描述在某一假设条件下某人将要做的事或现在已经不可能发生的事。

例如:

Si j'étais riche, j'achèterais un chateau.

(未完成过去时....................条件式现在时)如果我有钱，我就买座城堡。

S'il neigeait, nous ne sortirions pas.

(未完成过去时.............条件式现在时）如果天下雪，我们就不出去了。

注释: 这种时态也用在间接问句中，表示将来的意思，相当于过去将来时。

例如:

Il ne m'a pas dit s'il viendrait. 他没告诉我他是否要来。

(过去时.........................条件式现在时）

条件式过去时

条件式过去时用于条件复合句中，从句以“si"引导，动词用直陈式愈过去时，主句谓语用条件式过去时。它表示纯属假设而实际上并没有实现的事。

Si j'avais su, je n'aurais rien dit.

如果我当时知道，我就不会说什么了。

Qu'aurais-je fait sans toi?

如果没有你，我能做成什么呢?

总结: 条件式过去时有以下几种可能的组合方式：

"si"从句中的谓语动词主句动词

一般现在时、一般将来时、未完成过去时现在时

未完成过去时条件式现在时

直陈式愈过去时条件式过去时

真实条件句,虚拟语气.

当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形

if非真实条件句

1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt. A. would win B. might have won C. will win D, could win 2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A. Jack has known B. If Jack known C. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known 4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is. A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do 5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeeded C. would have succeeded D. would not have succeeded 6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster. A. will amount to B. amounted to C. would have amounted to D. would amount to 7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do 8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness. A. had given B. gave C. should have given D. must have given 9. Any man in his position ___ like that. A. have done B. would have done C. would be done D. would be doing 10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair. A. would not take B. didn’t take C. hadn’t taken D. wouldn’t have taken 12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been

真实条件句与虚拟条件句练习

I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. — What will you do if it (rain) tomorrow —We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. 2. If I had been you then, I him. (not quarrel) with 3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would be very happy. 4. If I asked him, I’m sure he (help) me. 5. If I’d left sooner, I (be) on time. Ⅱ. 单项填空：真实条件句和虚拟条件句的用法比较。 1. ① If he in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned ② If he in a day or two, I will wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned 2. ① If I time, I a chat with you soon. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had ② If I time last night, I a chat with you. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had 3. ① If it this afternoon, we’ll put off the sports meet. A. rain B. rains C. rained D. will rain ② If it even a drop this spring, we would have had a better harvest. A. rained B. rains C. had rained D. have rained 参考答案： Ⅰ. 1. rains 2. wouldn’t have quarrelled 3. saw / should see / were to see 4. would help 5. would have been Ⅱ. 1. ① C; ② A 2. ① A; ② C 3. ① B; ② C Tom, let's go to the cinema this Saturday evening. Sorry, Jack, I can't. Why not I am grounded this weekend. If I go, my father will get mad at me. Why I told him that I failed in the English exam yesterday, so I must study at home for the weekend. Well, if you hadn't told him, he wouldn't have known it. No, Jack, he likes to call my teachers. If he had found it out by himself, I would

条件句练习及答案

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if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气

if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen h is old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能

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(完整版)if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。 假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形

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if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句.

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if条件句专项练习

If条件句练习 一、单项选择 1. If I _____ where he lived, I _____ a note to him. A. know, would have sent B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent 2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she _____ absent from school. A. wer e not ill; wouldn’t be B. had been ill; wouldn’t have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn’t been ill; could be 3. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 4. If you had enough money, what _____? A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 5. If Mr. Y oung _____ with justice, he _____ such a wrong thing. A. were treated; wouldn’t do B. had been treated; wouldn’t have done C. were treated; wouldn’t have done D. had been treated; wouldn’t do 6. What _____ if there _____ no light during the day? A. will happen; was B. would happen; is C. happens; were D. would happen; were 7. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met 8. If it _____ not for the fact that you _____ ill now, I would surely punish you. A. is; are B. were; were C. were; are D. was; were 9. Many Chinese movie stars now have given up their Chinese nationality. If I were them, I _____ that. A. shouldn’t do B. didn’t do C. hadn’t done D. won’t do 10. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 11. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 12. If Henry had not pulled his cap low over his brow, he _____ by the police. A. might be recognized B. might have been recognized C. would have recognized D. was to have been recognized

零条件句

外教一对一https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c348097.html, 啥叫“零条件句”?这四种条件句怎么区分? 先让我们看一下这几类条件句的含义。 零条件句：If the temperature rises, the bear thinks spring is in.(常态描述) If you decide to study in the UK, you must pass IELTS.(常态描述) 第一条件句：If it rains tomorrow, we will have the P.E. class in the gym.(未来的可能性) 第二条件句：If I had the same chance, I would go to Australia.(对将来的虚拟) 第三条件句：If he had had another choice, he would not have sold his house.(对过去的虚拟) 但是，无论上面哪一种情况的例句，都无法解释下面这句(前半句是对过去的虚拟，后半句是对将来的虚拟)： If he hadn't been murdered yesterday, he would be taken to the court tomorrow as scheduled. (如果他昨天没有被谋杀，按照流程明天会被带到法庭。) 语法分为“研究性语法”和“教学性语法”。 研究性语法以语法和语言结构本身为研究对象，重在探讨语言的规律，是学术性研究。 教学性语法以帮助学生更高效地运用语言结构为目的，比如通过一些类似的情境和句子，让学生学习某个语法现象。 从语法研究的角度来说，条件句的确可以大致按照您说的那样来分类(凌哥在前面已经修正)。然而，有一些教师喜欢将研究性语法术语使用到自己的语言课堂中。这种情况，打个比方，就是老师非要将“你父亲”说成“你的上一代男性直系亲属”才感觉是“到位”了、“科学”了、“严谨”了!对于学生(而非语言研究者)来说，会使用“你父亲”不就够了么?! 在英语教学中，应当避免使用这样的学术性语言来跟学生解释语言现象。你看，作为老师的你，也不能区分得很清楚，学生当然会越听越糊涂的。 教学生的时候，要利用情境和语境来驱动学生理解语义、呈现语法结构，让学生感悟语言结构与语义之间的联系。 比如： 呈现一个哭的娃娃和一个“no food”的空碗：A baby cries if it is hungry. 呈现明天的日期和天气预报的图标：We will go to the zoo if it's sunny tomorrow. 利用语境，促进学生的抽象思维能力：-- I refused their offer yesterday. -- If I were you, I wouldn't have done that. 并同样利用情境和语境来促使学生模仿使用。

if条件句和should的用法

If 引导条件句的用法 1、真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形

If引导非真实条件句(虚拟语气)语法教学设计

If引导非真实条件句（虚拟语气）语法教学设计 一、课型分析 虚拟语气这一语法项目比较复杂繁多，在高考题型中都有可能会涉及到，是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点，掌握好虚拟语气对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。本节课主要是讲解if引导的非真实条件句。 1.什么是虚拟语气即虚拟语气的概念。 2.掌握if引导虚拟语气的语法规则。 二、学情分析 虽然所任教的班级是实验班，但大部分学生英语学习习惯差，语法知识混乱，甚至一部分学生学习英语困难，基础知识不扎实，在实际做题时常常无从下手，不能灵活运用。 三、教学目标 1. 掌握if引导虚拟语气语法的基本规则,能解决有关虚拟语气的习题。 2. 通过教师讲解引导，学生能完成相应的练习 3. 通过教师主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣，体验成就感。 四、教学重难点 1.教学重点：了解和掌握if引导虚拟语气语法项目的基本规则。 2.教学难点：能运用语法规则去完成各种练习，并在实际语言活动中去灵活应用，培 养学生的语言运用能力和英语思维。 五、教学方法 情景教学法、任务型教学法 六、教学手段 多媒体辅助教学 七、教学过程 step1. Leading in Enjoy the lis t poem “Our first football match”. (Book 6Unit2) （通过复习这首诗，让学生了解虚拟语气的基本概念，引出if引导的非真实条件句）step2. Presenting Suppose three conditions of present, past and future sentences. First condition: 1. If I won (win) the lottery, I would travel (travel) around the world. 2. If my daughter weren’t busy, she would go to the concert of XueZhiqian. Second condition: 共4页第1页共4页第2页

if真实条件句语法及练习

一．一般现在时 1. 1含be动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 2.谓语动词的构成：am / is / are 3.句型： 1). 肯定句：主语＋be动词＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 句末加实心点。 2). 否定句：主语＋be动词＋not ＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 在be动词后面加not ; 句末加实心点。 3). 一般疑问句：Be动词＋主语＋其他 注意：把be动词提前; 句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 第一人称改为第二人称;④句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋be 动词。 否定回答：No, 主语＋be 动词＋not. 4).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 含实义动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示现在的事实或状态表示现在的习惯或反复的动作 2.谓语动词的构成：do/does 3.动词的第三人称单数形式的变化形式（动词的适当形式） 一般情况下，直接在动词后面加s。例：want - wants 以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加es。例：wash - washes ; go - goes; do - does 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es。例：try - tries 4.句型： 肯定句: 主语＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋动词的适当形式＋其他。（主语是三单） 否定句: 主语＋do＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋does＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语是三单） 一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语非三单） 肯定回答:Yes, 主语＋do. 否定回答:No, 主语+do+not. Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语是三单） 肯定回答：Yes,主语+does. 否定回答: No, 主语＋does＋not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 二、

all的四种用法

at all的四种用法 一、用于否定句 at all 用于否定句，主要是加强否定的语气，意思是：根本不，一点也不。如： It wasn’t difficult at all. 这一点也不难。 There was nothing to eat at all. 根本没什么可吃的。 That kind of belief is not at all unusual. 那种看法极为常见。 I haven’t got any idea at all about what happened. 我根本不知道出了什么事。 It’s quite extraordinary；I can’t understand it at all. 这件事太不寻常了，我根本没法理解。 Mike doesn’t enjoy classical music (very much) at all. 迈克根本就不(是很)喜欢古典音乐。 有时与hardly, few, seldom, scarcely 等半否定词连用。如： It hadly rained at all last summer. 去年夏天没怎么下雨。 It scarcely mentions women at all. 它几乎一点都未提及妇女。 注：在否定句中，at all 可位于句末，也可跟在否定词后。如： He’s not at all stupid. 他一点儿都不傻。 He isn’t tired at all. /He’s not at all tired. 他一点也不累。 另外，在口语中单独说not at all, 可用来回答感谢或道歉。如： A: Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B: Not at all. 不客气。 A: I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 B: Oh, not at all. 噢，没关系。 二、用于疑问句 at all 用于疑问句，主要加强疑问的语气，意思是：到底，究竟，难道不。如： Did you know him at all? 你究竟认识他还是不认识他？ Are you at all worried about it? 你难道对此不担心吗？ Have you read any of the report at all? 那份报告你到底有没有读一点？ Did it play any role at all in the presidential campaign? 这件事在总统选举中到底起作用没有？ 三、用于条件句 at all 用于条件句，主要用于加强if的语气，意为：假若，既然，即使，反正。如：If you do it at all, do it well. 既然要做，就把它做好。 He’ll come before supper if he comes at all. 他要是来，准在晚饭以前。 If you want to consult me at all, give me a ring. 如果你确实要和我商量，可以给我打个电话。 四、用于肯定句 at all 用于肯定句(较少见)，意为：不管怎样，竟然。如： I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪，他竟然来了。 It’s a miracle that you returned at all. 你竟然回来了真是奇迹。 That he was rescued at all was a matter of coincidences. 他的获救实属巧合。 在肯定句中，尤其见于前面有any的场合，即用于强调any的意思。如： I’ll do any job at all—even road-sweeping. 什么工作我都干——扫街都行。 You can come whenever you like---any time at all. 你什么时候想来就来——无论什么时候都行。