雅思写作中常用的逻辑连接词

?很显然，雅思写作模板的时代已经过去了。"英文写作逻辑和衔接"才是那条通往罗马的必经之路。参照雅思官方发布的评分标准，不难看出雅思对英文写作逻辑的重视："逻辑与衔接"(Coherence and Cohesion)为四项写作评分原则之一。

以6分的标准为例，写作评分标准中对"逻辑与衔接"是这样描述的：

arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression (连贯地组织信息及论点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展);

uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical (有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械) 所谓"清晰的推进行文发展"，至少要做到文章中使用到准确、有效的逻辑连词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词。信号词对于文章过程的连贯起到了作用,它也是英语写作中众多过渡

10类：

(1)表示递进：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides ,furthermore, not only… but also…, along with, next, what’s more.

(2)表示时间: after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately, then.

(3)表示举例: for example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words, in fact.

(4)表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise.

(5)表示不同，即观点和我们所期望的观点不同(读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备)：Unlike, in contrast with\to, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, rather than.

(6)表示因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, because of, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently, so…that.

(7)表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that.

(8)表示总结in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last.

(9)表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, still, soon, later, initially.

(10)表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case, suppose.

这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(Transitional Words\Phrases) 把文章有条理的衔接起来，使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。

然而，这些看似简单的词语，在实际写作中却不容易掌握。根据近几年学生作文的情况来看，大部分学生都开始有意识的使用连接词来达到语篇的逻辑连贯，但在使用上仍存在问题。下面我们重点分析逻辑连接词使用时几个常见的问题：

一、漏用逻辑连词。

如：

1Home-working enables employees to work at ease. For example, those with childcare responsibilities could arrange their schedule flexibly. 2Working at home ensures employers’ multiple options in human resource.

仔细理解不难发现其实1句和2句之间的关系是平等的，均属于观点句。为了让这两个句子凸显出相应的地位，以区别中间的举例部分，建议在1句和2句之前各添加表示递进的逻辑连词，如what’s more或in addition. 修改后如下文：

To begin with, home-working enables employees to work at ease. For example, those with childcare responsibilities could arrange their schedule flexibly. What’s more, working at home ensures employers’ multiple options in human resource…

二、错用逻辑连词。

如：

1 One hand, home-working enables employees to work at ease.

2 Nevertheless, these who are disabled can avoid many difficulties.

原文中1句和2句的逻辑连词都用错了。首先，从语法形式上看，逻辑连接词一般由连词、连接副词、介词、介词短语等充当。而1句的句首"one hand"是一个名词短语，证明不正确。我们需要做的修改是将"one hand"改成一个介词短语"on one hand"作为1句的逻辑连词;而相对应的逻辑连词应该是"on the other hand"，衔接与1句中观点相对应的另一方观点。比如：On one hand, home-working enables employees to work at ease. On the other hand, employees may be confronted with some problems brought by home-working.

而对于2句中的连词使用错误是"nevertheless"这个逻辑词的意义与2句中的内涵不符。原文中的2句these who are disabled can avoid many difficulties 是对1句观点的一个扩展和支持。所以2句和1句之间的逻辑不应该是nevertheless所表达的转折关系;相反，应该是递进或举例关系，所以可以做以下修改：

On one hand, home-working enables employees to work at ease, especially to those who are disabled, who can avoid many difficulties by working at home.

或者修改为：

On one hand, home-working enables employees to work at ease. For example, those workers who are disables can avoid many difficulties by working at home.

三、滥用逻辑连接词。

有的雅思考生主观地认为尽量多用连接词语可以加强句际衔接，但结果是连接词语过分堆积，造成多余，评分标准中所提到的"机械"地句子衔接(见上文下划线部分)。如:

1 Working at home ensures employers’ multiple options in human resource.

2 However, if they hire staff through modern technologies, such as internet, fax, or telephone.

3 It is hard to know how the employee’s quality is which takes disadvantages of the company.

4 Although it is hardly capitalize on employer.

请注意红色字体标注的部分，均属于滥用逻辑连词的部分。可以看到，在4个句子中，这位考生错用了3个逻辑连词。这个现象属于"makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices(衔接手段不足、不准确或过度使用)"--这是5分写作水平的评价。为了改善这个问题，达到6分的标准，建议可以做如下修改：

1 Working at home ensures employers’ multiple options in human resource.

2 However, if they hire staff through modern technologies, such as internet, fax, or telephone ,

3 it is hard to know how efficient the employees are.

4 Therefore, home-working can hardly benefit employers.

1句是观点句，保持不变。根据意义判断，原文的2句是想要反驳该观点，所以原文中使用however是正确的。问题是表示条件的逻辑连词if后面引导的是从句，而原文当中却没有相应的主从关系句型跟if搭配，导致严重错误。修改方法是将2句和3句之间的句号改为逗号，使3句成为2句的主句，突出if条件句的主次关系。对于原文的4句来说，用逻辑连词although是

不恰当的。因为显然句子内容想要表达的是对前面三句的一个小总结，因此逻辑关系应该用therefore来引导。

通过本文，我们了解到雅思写作中逻辑衔接的一个重要手段--逻辑连词的使用是如何影响写作得分的。我们也可以通过例子看到中国的雅思考生在使用逻辑连词的过程中最容易出现问题。

我们还需要有意识地阅读考官的范文，通过模仿的手段来表现自己英文写作内容才能够实现突破。

雅思写作中科技类话题常用词组

雅思写作中科技类话题常用词组 雅思写作“科技类”话题必备短语 1 ，登月moon landing 2 ，国家安 全national security 3 ，核武器nuclear weapon 4 ，科学成 就scientific achievement 5 ，科学仪 器scientific instrument 6 ，可再生资源renewable energy sources 7 ，能源的耗损depletion of resources 8 ，能源危 机energy crisis 9 ，人工智 能artificial intelligence 10 ，踏足于set foot on 11 ，太空研 究space exploration / space research 12 ，天然资 源natural resources 13 ，现场直 播live TV broadcast 14 ，濒危物 种endangered species 15 ，环境恶 化environment deterioration 16 ，机械劳 动mechanical labor 17 ，家庭电 器household appliance 18 ，全球变 暖global warming 19 ，寿命life expectancy, life span 20 ，处于灭绝的边缘be on the verge of extinction 21 ，促进人类社会的发展 promote the development of human society

，恶劣的环境 hostile environment ，降低成本 lower the cost ，降低风险 lower the risks ， 破坏社会稳定 undermine the social stability ，提高工作效 率 improve work efficiency ，提高生产力 increase the productivity ，下岗工人 laid-off worker ，不合伦理道德的 ethically and morally wrong ，改善生活质量 improve the quality of life ，出现、产生 come into being ，机器翻译 mechanical translation ，不可避免的趋势 an inevitable trend ，大量的知识储备 vast stores of knowledge ，个人优缺点 individual strengths and weaknesses ，个性化的改变 personalised shift ，老师指 导下的学习 teacher-directed learning ，有深远的影响 have a profound effect on ，环保的 environmentally friendly ，散布信息 disseminate information ，身心健康 physical and mental health ，受到普遍欢迎 gain widespread popularity ，有深远的影响 exert a far-reaching influence on ，在线金融交易 online financial transaction ，直接的反馈 instant feedback ，把虚幻当现实 take fantasy for reality 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

雅思写作常用写作词汇汇总

附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c49167307.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命

雅思写作常用连接词2

在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）

雅思写作常考话题

雅思写作常考话题 这10类的话题跨度非常大，难度也有较简单和偏难的。同学们在备考雅思写作的时候，可以把写作分为不同类型的话题进行分门别类的备考。今天给大家带来了雅思写作10大常考话题,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。 雅思写作10大常考话题 一、教育 1. 教育应该包括哪些内容? 母题： It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfil both these functions? (050312) 提示： 本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开(个人与社会)，准备好这篇*，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支-教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性

(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。 子题： 大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能?大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益?准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验?大学要不要扩招?中学 阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育?要不要延长义务教育年限?要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学?老师要教学生如何判断是非吗? 2. 学校的科目谁来选择? 母题： Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion. (060916) 提示： 这类题目采取的策略就是"双批判"，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。 子题1：

雅思写作常用话题

雅思写作常见话题 一．学生生活 1、大学生交学费：一些人认为大学生应该支付他们的学费，另外一些人认为政府应该支付 学费，你的观点是什么？ 2、考试：一些人认为考试对学生有负面的影响，一些人认为考试对教育有正面的作用，讨 论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 3、出国留学：最近几年，许多年轻人决定出国留学，你认为出国留学利大于弊吗？ 4、大学生找不到工作：目前大学毕业生难就业，分析个人和社会的原因，并提出解决方法。 5、大学宿舍与校外公寓：大部分大学都有很多居住方式供学生选择，他们可以选择大学宿 舍或校外公寓，讨论两种不同发做法并且给出你的见解。 6、学术课程和实用技能：人们常说，学校学科的定位过于学术化，而孩子们如果能学习到 有关家政管理、工作及人际关系技巧等方面的实际知识会对他们更有用，你是否同意此观点？ 7、学生评价老师：一些人认为，为了提高教学质量，应该鼓励学生对老师进行评价和批评。 其他人则认为这将导致课堂上对老师的尊重和良好纪律的缺失。讨论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 8、自学和跟老师学：一些人认为，没有老师，他们凭自己会学得更好，其他人认为有老师 的指导总是有利的。你的观点是什么？ 9、学生兼职工作：许多国家的学生会在课余时间做许多不同的兼职。一些人认为这是错误 的，但是其他人相信这样的工作将能够拓展学生的知识并且增加他们的责任感。你的观点是什么？ 10、不同的朋友和相似的朋友：有些人喜欢与自己性格不同的人交朋友，有些人喜欢和 自己性格相似的人交朋友，你喜欢和哪种类型的人交朋友呢？请说出理由。 二、家庭生活 1、照看老年人：有人认为老年人应该被在家中赡养，另外有些人认为他们应该被送到养老院，你的观点是什么？ 2、孩子缺少父母关注：有些人认为现在的孩子不像以前的孩子那样能得到父母很多的关注。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点？ 3、家庭成员关系不亲密：人们现在普遍承认家庭成员的关系不像过去那样亲密了，请给出可能的原因并提出你的建议。 4、父母和学校：有些人认为父母应该教育孩子如何成为好的社会成员。然而另外一些人认为学校应该做这件事情。讨论两种见解并给出你的观点。 5、孩子早送幼儿园：现如今孩子们很早就被送到幼儿园，这样母亲们就可以回到她们的工作中去，而且孩子们也可以从小适应社会。你是否同意这样的观点？ 6、体罚孩子：很长时间以来，体罚孩子是家庭中的一个惯例。但最近几年，人们对这一做法的观念发生了巨大的变化。现在有很多人强烈地反对这一观点。你的观点是什么？ 三、现代科技 1、科技影响人们之间的交流：现在，因为科技，人们相互交流的方式已经发生了改变。科技怎样改变了人们相互交流的方式？这是一个正面的还是负面的发展？ 2、计算机对孩子的影响：电脑并没有帮助孩子更有效地学习。另外，电脑的使用对青少年的身体和心理健康都有着负面作用。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点呢？ 3、太空研究：大量的钱花在太空研究上。一些人认为这些钱花得不应该。你是否同意？ 4、私家车：你认为日益增多的私家车有哪些益处和弊端？ 5、互联网：你认为互联网利大于弊吗？

雅思写作常用单词

雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….

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