初中英语全部知识点总结打印版

初一年级（上）

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语

1. Sit down

2. on duty

3. in English

4. have a seat

5. at home

6. look like

7. look at

8. have a look

9. come on

10. at work

11. at school

12. put on

13. look after

14. get up

15. go shopping

II. 重要句型

1. help sb. do sth.

2. What about…?

3. Let’s do sth.

4. It’s time to do sth.

5. It’s time for …

6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…

7. Where is…? It’s….

8. How old are you? I’m….

9. What class are you in? I’m in….

10. Welcome to….

11. What’s …plus…? It’s….

12. I think…

13. Who’s this? This is….

14. What can you see？I can see….

15. There is (are) ….

16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…

17. Whose …is this? It’s….

18. What time is it? It’s….

III. 交际用语

1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….

2. Hello! Hi!

3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.

4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?

5. See you. See you later.

6. Thank you! You’re welcome.

7. Goodbye! Bye!

8. What’s your name? My name is ….

9. Here you are. This way, please.

10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.

12. Let me see.

IV. 重要语法

1. 动词be的用法；

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；

3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；

4. 冠词的基本用法；

5. There be句型的用法。

【名师讲解】

1. in/on

在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。

There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。

2. this/that/these/those

(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人

的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常

常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的

人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：

You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over

there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒

子。

I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，

不是那一辆。

Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些

书拿到他房间去。

This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，那个是

你的。

These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹

果，那些是橘子。

(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that

常常指的是对方。例如：

This is Mary sp eaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。

你是谁？

3. There be/ have

There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物+ 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：

(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上

有一大瓶子可乐。

(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。

(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有

许多苹果。

总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：

(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。

(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。

4. look/ see/ watch

(1)look表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看

的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看

到，以提醒对方注意。，如：

Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。

Look! What’s that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？

单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：

He’s lookin g at me。他正在看着我。

(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：

What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上

看到什么？

Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？

(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.

昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。

4. put on/ / in

put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。

in是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：

It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。

He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。

The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿

白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。

5. house/ home/family

house：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：

Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天

下午请到我家来。

He is not at home. 他不在家。

My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很

早。

6. fine, nice, good, well

四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：

(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也

可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：

Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健

康。

That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。

It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步

的好时候。

(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，

"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。

例如：

Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。

These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。

Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。

It's very nice of you. 你真好。

(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质

量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用

语。例如：

Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好

学生。

The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很

好。

(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作

定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修

饰的动词之后。例如：

I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。

My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1. 动词be的用法；

2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；

3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；

4. 冠词的基本用法；

5. There be句型的用法。

6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；

7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

Mary, please show ________ your picture.

A. my

B. mine

C. I

D. me

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。

2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。

3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?

---About twenty.

A. is

B. am

C. are

D. be

【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。

4. (2004年陕西省中考试题)

There _______ a football match on TV this evening.

A. will have

B. is going to be

C. has

D. is going to have

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. ---What colour is the bike?

---It’s _______ orange.

A. an

B. a

C. /

D. the

2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.

A. my

B. I

C. mine

D. me

3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice.

---__________________.

A. That’s right

B. No, it’s not nice

C. Yes, it is

D. Thank you

4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.

A. is

B. sees

C. looks

D. watches

5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.

A. to

B. in

C. for

D. on

6. ---________ is your coat?

---The black one.

A. What

B. Where

C. Which

D. How

7. ---________ is the toy?

---It’s on the bed.

A. Who

B. Where

C. What

D. Whose

8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there.

A. it

B. they

C. their

D. them

9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please?

A. look

B. look like

C. look after

D. look at

10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.

A. / /

B. at; to

C. after; /

D. on; after

11. ---Whose dress is this?

---It’s _________.

A. Lucy

B. Lucy’s

C. Jim

D. Jim’s

12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. with

13. There is a bird ______ the tree.

A. in

B. on

C. to

D. of

14. There are many ________ in our school.

A. woman teachers

B. woman teacher

C. women teacher

D. women teachers

15. ---Is there a ball under the desk?

---______________________.

A. Yes, it is

B. Yes, there’s

C. No, there isn’t

D. No, there is

16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

17. ---Let me help you.

---_______________.

A. You’re welcome

B. Thanks very much

C. Don’t worry

D. Yes, thanks

18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.

A. The; an

B. An; an

C. The; the

D. A; a

19. ---What _____ five plus six?

---It’s eleven.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. /

20. ---What ______ you see in the picture?

---I can see some flowers.

A. must

B. can

C. are

D. do

二. 完形填空

This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.

1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers

2. A. look B. do C. see D.put

3. A. at B. after C. for D. up

4. A. on B. of C. in D. to

5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman

6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking

7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt

8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. H ow is

9. A. his B. her C. our D. their

10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very

三. 在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语

(A) (B)

1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6.

2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you.

3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.

4. What row are you in? D. It is ten.

5. What’s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too.

6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.

7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is.

8. Who’s not here? H. It’s here.

9. Where is the bag? I. It’s a book.

10. What is this in English? J. How do you do?

四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处

Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?

Ann: Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.

Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?

Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white.

I think it looks like Mary’s.

Jim: _____________3______________?

Sam: She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.

Jim: _______________4_______________. Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?

Mary: _______________5_______________. Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!

Mary: Yes, thank you.

A. Who’s Mary

B. OK, le t’s go

C. Oh, no it’s not mine

D. Oh, yes. It’s mine

E. Is it yours

五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.

2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.

3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?

4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)?

---No, they aren’t ________ (we)

5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.

6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).

7. I have two ________ (baby).

8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.

9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.

10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.

六. 阅读理解

(A)

Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.

根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。

1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.

2. He has two brothers and a sister.

3. There are five people in his family.

4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.

5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”.

(B)

Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they are Lucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bed in the room, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's.

1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see

__________.

A. a clothes line

B. a tree

C. a bed

2. What colour are Lucy's trousers? They are

________.

A. green

B. black

C. brown

3. Where is Lucy's hat? It's on _________.

A. the clothes tree

B. the clothes line

C. lily's bed

4. How many beds are there in the room? ________.

A. only one

B. three

C. two

5. Are there any things on Lily's bed? ________.

A. Yes, there is a hat on it

B. No, there is not anything on it

C. Sorry, I don't know

(C)

It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.

There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.

1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________.

A. by bike

B. by car

C. by plane

D. by bus

2. There are __________.

A. only one Chinese in the bus

B. only two Chinese in the bus

C. only two Chinese on the bike

D. only one Chinese in the car

3. The driver is __________.

A. a man

B. a woman

C. a Canadian

D. an American

4. The people __________.

A. are singing

B. are talking

C. are listening

D. are looking at the wall

5. They __________.

A. can see the Great Wall

B. can speak English very well.

C. want to talk with the man very much

D. want to see the Great Wall very much

初一年级（下）

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语1. a bottle of

2. a little

3. a lot (of)

4. all day

5. be from

6. be over

7. come back

8. come from

9. do one’s homework

10. do the shopping

11. get down

12. get home

13. get to

14. get up

15. go shopping

16. have a drink of

17. have a look

18. have breakfast

19. have lunch

20. have supper

21. listen to

22. not…at all

23. put…away

24. take off

25. throw it like that

26. would like

27. in the middle of the day

28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening

29. on a farm

30. in a factory

II. 重要句型

1. Let sb. do sth.

2. Could sb. do sth.?

3. would like sth.

4. would like to do sth.

5. What about something to eat?

6. How do you spell …?

7. May I borrow…?

III. 交际用语

1. —Thanks very much!

—You're welcome.

2. Put it/them away.

3. What's wrong?

4. I think so.

I don't think so.

5. I want to take some books to the classroom.

6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.

9. What's your favourite sport?

10. Don't worry.

11.I’m (not) good at basketball.

12. Do you want a go?

13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

15. We / They have some CDs.

We / They don’t have any CDs.

16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?

---It’s Monday.

17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?

---Certainly. Here you are.

18. ---Where are you from?

---From Beijing.

19. What's your telephone number in New York?

20. ---Do you like hot dogs?

---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)

---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)

21. ---What does your mother like?

---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.

22. ---When do you go to school every day?

---I go to school at 7:00 every day.

23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?

---He goes to bed at 10:00.

IV. 重要语法

1.人称代词的用法；

2. 祈使句；

3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；

4．动词have的用法；

5．一般现在时构成和用法；

6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法

【名师讲解】

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应

该帮助这位老人。"

"That's right."或"You're right.""说得对"。

That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：

"Many thanks." "That's all right."

"Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."

All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”

"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。"

"All right.""好吧。"

Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do

这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。

Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做

个纸船吗？

He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

3. say/speak/talk/tell

say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：

“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”

Please say it in English .请用英语说。

speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语) 。如：

Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？

I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。

speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

talk : 与speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。

如：

I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。

Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell: “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：

He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。

tell a lie 撒谎

tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.

Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

4. do cooking/ do the cooking

do cooking作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用some, much 修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服

do some shopping 买些东西

do some reading 读书

do some writing 写些东西

do some fishing 钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。

go shopping 去买东西

go fishing 去钓鱼

go boating 去划船

go swimming 去游泳

5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.

他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。

6. other/ others/ the other/ another

other表其余的，别的，

Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗? others别的人，别的东西

In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是

美国人,其他的是法国人。

the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…

One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.

我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表三者以上的另一个，另一些

There is room for another few books on the shelf.

书架上还可以放点书。

7. in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：

There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。

There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。

8. some/ any

(1)some和any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不

可数名词。但有以下两点需要

注意。

som e常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和

疑问句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.

Is there any water in the glass?

There isn't any water in the glass.

(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，

或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用

some。如：

Would you like some tea?

9. tall/ high

(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用hi g h，例如

a tall woman 一个高个子妇女

a tall horse 一个高大的马

(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用

high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机

飞上天时，例如：

He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。

The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么

高。

(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副词，tall不能。

(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low. 10. can/ could

(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观

条件能做某种动作的"能力

"。例如：

Can you ride a bike？你会骑自行车吗？

What can I do for you？要帮忙吗？

Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？

(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话

人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如：

Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？

Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？

It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已

经六点钟了吧？

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just

had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚

吃过午饭。

What can he mean？他会是什么意思？

在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"，

may比较正式。例如：

You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。

--- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？

--- Of course，you can.当然可以。

You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。

(3) could

could 是can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：

The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）

当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）

那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语

气较为婉转。例如：

Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？

Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打

电话好吗？

(4) can的形式

只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示

一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：

They have not been able to come to Beijing.

他们没有能到北京来。

11. look for/ find

look for意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而

后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：

She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.

汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。

12. be sleeping/ be asleep

be sleeping表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：

---What are the children doing in the room? 孩

子们在房间里做什么？

---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

13. often/ usually/sometimes

often表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候"，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually 要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be

动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通

常放学后打篮球。

Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常

在早晨读英语。

14. How much/ How many

how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见

句式是How much is / are…?

How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？

How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？

how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。

How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？

How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？

15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

be good for表示"对……有好处"，而be bad for 表示"对……有害"；be good to表示"对……友好"，而be bad to表示"对……不好"；be good at表示"擅长，在……方面做得好"，而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。

16. each/ every

each和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。

We each have a new book.

我们每人各有一本新书。

There are trees on each side of the street.

街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning.

每天早晨他都起得早。

each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只

能用作形容词。

Each of them has his own duty.

他们各人有各人的义务。

They each want to do something different.

他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

17. 一般现在时/现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或

存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）。

I do my homework in the evening.

我在晚上做作业。

I'm doing my homework now.

我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.

我们经常放学后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom .

看！他们正在打扫教室呢。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数

名词的构成和用法。

2．本册书中常见的交际用语

3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语

考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。

【中考范例】

1.（2004年安徽省中考试题）

---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.

---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.

A. wait

B. was waiting

C. am waiting

D. waited 【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。

2. (2004年长春市中考试题)

Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?

A. I, my

B. me, me

C. me, my

D. my, I

【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。

3.(2004年长春市中考试题)

Dr. White can _______ French very well.

A. speak

B. talk

C. say

D. tell

【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。

4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）

English is spoken by ______ people.

A. a lot

B. much many

C. a large number of

D.

a great deal of

【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。

【满分演练】

一. 单项选择

1. There is some ______ on the plate.

A. cakes

B. meat

C. potato

D. pears

2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike.

A. ride

B. riding

C. rides

D. to ride

3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. of

4. ______ picture books in class, please.

A. Not read

B. No read

C. Not reading

D. Don't read

5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it.

A. we

B. us

C. ours

D. our

6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting.

A. and

B. but

C. then

D. or

7. People usually ______ "hello" to each other when they make a phone call.

A. say

B. speak

C. tell

D. talk

8. Look! She ________ a kite for her son.

A. makes

B. is making

C. make

D. making

9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.

A. put on them

B. put on it

C. put them on

D. put it on

10. She often gets ______ very late.

A. home

B. at home

C. to home

D. in home

11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. for

12. I want ______ of meat, please.

A. half kilo

B. a half kilo

C. half a kilo

D. a kilo half

13. --- Is this black ruler ________?

--- No. It's ________.

A. yours, his

B. your, his

C. yours, him

D. you, he

14. ________ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one.

A. A

B. An

C. The

D. /

15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the

________.

A. farm

B. post office

C. hotel

D. hospital

16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework.

A. does

B. do

C.doing

D. to doing

17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening.

A. CCTV

B. CAAC

C. WTO

D. MTV

18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk.

A. are

B. is

C. has

D. have

A. go

watching

二. 填空

A.

B.

C.

三.

对话A: Excuse me, Lin Tao!

B: Yes?

A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours?

B: __1____.

A: This afternoon.

B: OK. Here's the key.

A: ____2__. But where is it?

B: __3____.

A: What colour is it?

B: __4____.

A: I see. I think I can find it.

B: ___5___.

A: All right. See you!

四. 完型填空

These days men and women , young and old are ___1_____ the same kind of ___2____, and a lot of ___3_____ have long hair（头发）. We often can't ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.

___5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him.

"Oh, goodness!" the old man says to the other one. "Do you ___8_____ that person with long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?"

"A boy," says the other one. "He is my son." "Oh," says the old man, "Please ____9____ me. I don't know you are his ____10____." "I'm not his mother, I'm his father," says the other one.

1. A. having B. wearing C. putting D. buying

2. A. clothes B. trees C. pictures D. Bags

3. A. we B. your C. them D. Theirs

4. A. talk B. teach C. say D tell

5. A. An B. A C. The D. /

6. A. running B. flying C. standing D. driving

7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At

8. A. see B. watch C. look D. Read

9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask

10. A. baby B. sister C. father D. Mother

五. 阅读理解

B. does her homework

D. goes to see her friends

写出意思连贯、

（所有英文提示语必须用上。

29. up and down

30. keep healthy

31. grow up

32. at the same time

33. the day before yesterday

35. last Saturday

36. half an hour ago

37. a moment ago

38. just now

39. by the way

40. all the time

41. at first

II. 重要句型

1. have fun doing sth.

2. Why don’t you…?

3. We’re going to do sth.

4. start with sth.

5. Why not…?

6. Are you going to…?

7. be friendly to sb.

8. You’d better do sth.

9. ask sb. for sth.

10. say goodbye to sb.

11. Good luck(with sb)!

III. 交际用语

1.Welcome backto school!

2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.

3.It doesn’t matter.

4.Happy Teachers’ Day !

5.That’s a good idea.

6.What are you going to do？

7.Where are we going ?

8.What are we going to do ?

9.I’m good at…

10.It’s not far from…

11. Are you free tomorrow evening?

12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?

13.I’m glad you can come.

14.Thanks for asking us.

15.How about another one?

16.May I have a taste?

17.Let me walk with you.

18.What do you have to do?

19.Do you live on a farm?

20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?

21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens? 22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!

23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.

24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.

25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?

26.It’s over there on the right.

27.I’m sorry I don’t know.

28.You’d better…

29.Thank you all the same.

30.Which bus do I take?

31.Go along this road.

32.What day was it yesterday?

33.I’m sorry to hear that.

34.I hope you’re better now.

35.Why did you call me?

36.I called to tell…

IV. 重要语法

1.be going to的用法；

2.形容词的比较级、最高级；

3.形容词和副词的比较

4.一般过去时

【名师讲解】

1. on the street / in the street

表示“在街上”时，on the street和in the street都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：

We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。

I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。

2. would like / like

would like和like含义不同。like意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而would like意思是“想要”。试比较：

I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。

I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我

想要一杯啤酒。

Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电

影吗？

Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你

今晚想去看电影吗？

3. another / the other

(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确

定数量中的任意一个人或物体。例如：

May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？

This coat is too small for me. Please show me

another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一

件看看。

(2)the other通常指两者中的另一个。例如：

He has two rulers. One is short. The other is

long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长

的。

I have two b rothers. One works in Xi’an . The

other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个

在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。

4. have to /must

(1)have to和must都可以用来谈论义务，但用

法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做

而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自

“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：

I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）

They have to work for the boss.

他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作）

(2)have to可用于多种时态，must只能用于一般现在时。例如：

I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明

天早晨我必须早早起床。

We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.

为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。

(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁

止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于

needn’t。例如：

You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。

You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.

你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。

5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.

hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：

I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。

I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。

类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。

6. any /some

any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any 用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：

I want some money. 我想要点钱。

Have you any money? 你有钱吗？

I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。

some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：

Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？

Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？

7. hear /listen to

listen to和hear都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear强调“听”的结果。例如：

Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story.

请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。

Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？

I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么

也听不见。

hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。

例如：

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.

我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。

8. Let’s… /Let us…

Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：

Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？

9. take/ bring/ carry /get

这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：

My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。

I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。

Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。

I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。

The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。

The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。

She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。

Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。

10. far away /faraway

(1)f a r away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：

Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。

The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。

(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可

以在句中作定语。例如：

He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。

11. find / look for

find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：

He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。

I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。

I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。

另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：

I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。

I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。

12. in front of /in the front of

In front of表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：

My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。

He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。

【考点扫描】

1. be going to的用法；

2. 形容词的比较级、最高级；

3. 形容词和副词的比较

4. 一般过去时

5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；

6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年烟台市中考试题)

In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.

A. carefully, little

B. more carefully, fewest

C. more careful, fewer

D. more careful, less

【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。

2. (2004年河北省中考试题)

Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

A. so careful

B. as carefully as

C. carefully

D. as careful as

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以答案应是B。

3. (2004年重庆市中考试题)

That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher. A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened

C. sitting, listening

D. sat, listening

【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做伴随状语。

4. (2004年杭州市中考试题)

You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station.

A. don’t have to

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不许”，“禁止”。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Welcome back ________school.

A. in

B. at

C. to

D. on

2. Miss Gao is our new Chinese teacher ________.

A. in this term

B. this term

C. on this term

D. that term

3. ---I’m sorry I’m late.

---_____________.

A. OK

B. It doesn’t matter

C. All right

D. Thank you

4. Li Mu and Jill are talking _________where they are going.

A. about

B. to

C. with

D. for

5. There is very ______food in the house.

A. a few

B. little

C. a little

D. few

6. You’d better take a raincoat ____you.

A. to

B. with

C. on

D. for

7. The children are going to the Great Wall ______a field trip.

A. to

B. with

C. on

D. for

8. I’m______hungry. May I have a mooncake?

A. a little

B. little

C. a few

D. few

9. I’m still hungry. I’d like _________one.

A. other

B. another

C. an other

D. the other

10.The moon looks ____than the sun, but in fact the sun is ______than the moon.

A. big; big

B. bigger; bigger

C. small; small

D. smaller; smaller

11. I can see them_____football on the playground.

A. play

B. playing

C. to play

D. are playing

12. Ji Wei runs_________than I.

A. fast

B. faster

C. fastest

D. the fastest

13. I think steamed bread is ____________ hamburger.

A. more delicious than

B. most delicious than

C. more delicious to

D. most delicious to

14. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?

----__________. I’m free.

A. To do my homework

B. To clean my house

C. To do some shopping

D. Nothing much

15. ---May I speak to Jack?

---____________. Who’s that?

A. I’m Jack

B. That is Jack

C.This is Jack speaking

D. I’m Jack speaking

16. ----Why not _________ and see the play?

---Good idea.

A.go

B. going

C. to go

D. goes

17. It’s cold outside. Please keep the door_________.

A. close

B. closing

C. closes

D. closed

18. My home is about two hundred metres_____our school.

A. from

B. far from

C. away

D. to

19. There are some apple trees ________her house.

A. in the front of

B. at the back of

C. in the middle of

D. at the front of

20. Which floor do you ________?

A. live

B. live on

C. live at

D. live in

二. 完形填空

The Xingqing Palace Park（兴庆宫公园）is __1___ park in Xi’an.__2__ Saturdays or Sundays, children like ___3___ there __4___ their parents. There they can play games. There is a lake and a hill in the park. Today is Sunday. Many children are playing

in the park. Look! Some children __5___ on the lake.

They are good __6___ it. Is the boat ___7___ a chicken? No. It looks like a duck. Some boys are

playing __8___ football on the grass(草地)。A few

boys __9___the hill over there. All the children are

having a good time. They think playing in the park

is___10___ than having classes at school.

1.A. bigger B. the biggest C. smaller

D. the smaller

2.A. In B. On C. At

D. With

3.A. walking B. going C. running

D.flying

4.A. with B. for C. on

D. in

5.A. is swimming B. is boating C. are running

D. are boating

6.A. In B. with C. from

D. at

7.A. look B. likes C. looks

D. like

8.A. a B. / C. an

D. the

9.A. are running B. are walking C. are

climbing D. are jumping

10.A. little better B. much better C. many

better D. the best

三. 阅读理解

(A)

Mark Twain is traveling to Dijon by train. He

wants to sleep very much, so he asks the conductor(服务员)to wake him up when the train

gets to Dijon. The he goes to sleep. Later, when wakes

up, it is early the next morning and the train has got

to Paris. He knows at once that the conductor doesn’t

wake him up at Dijon. He is very angry. He runs up to

the conductor and says, “Why didn’t you wake me up

and put me off the train at Dijon? I am very angry

about it!”

The conductor smiles and looks at him, “Another American is more angry than you. But you can’t see

him now. I put him off the train at Dijon last night.”

根据短文内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确的答“A”，

错误的答“B”。

1．Mark twain asks the conductor to wake him up in

Paris.

2．The train got to Dijon at night.

3．Mark Twain was very angry with the conductor. 4．The conductor made a mistake（错误）. He put another American off the train at Dijon.

5．Mark Twain can’t see that American because the American doesn’t like him.

(B)

The worst tourist in the world is Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco . Once he flew from the US to his home town in Italy to see someone at home. The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at Kennedy Airport of New York. As he thought he had arrived home, Mr Scotti got off the plane. He thought he was in Rome .

When nobody was there to meet him, Mr Scotti thought maybe they were held up by heavy traffic. While looking for their addresses, Mr Scotti found that the old "Rome" had changed a lot. Many old buildings were replaced by high modern ones.

He also found that many people spoke English instead of Italian and that many street signs were written in English.

Mr Scotti knew very little English, so he asked a policeman(in Italian) the way to the bus station. He happened to meet a policeman who was also born in Italy and answered him in the same language.

After twelve hours' traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. He asked the policeman why the Rome police employed so many people as policemen speaking English of Italian.

To get him on a plane back to San Francisco, He was sent to the airport in a police car with sirens(警报) on. "Look," said Scotti to his interpreter , "I know I'm in Italy. That's how they drive."

1. When Mr Scotti arrived at the airport, nobody met him because ____________.

A. he was in New York

B. he was in Rome

C. policemen could help him

D. he was in an Italian city

2. In what direction (方向) did the plane fly when Mr Scotti went to Italy from the US?

A. To the east.

B. To the south.

C. To the west

D. To the north.

3. Why was Mr Scotti so sure that he was in Rome?

A. Because he traveled a lot.

B. Because he knew little about the US.

C. Because he knew little about Italy.

D. Because he didn't travel much.

4. At last Mr Scotti _________.

A. knew he did something wrong

B. still thought he was

C. knew he was wrong

D. knew he was home

5. Do you think many people do the same thing as Mr Scotti did?

A. Nobody but Mr Scotti made this kind of mistake.

B. Many people make this kind of mistake.

C. Few people make this kind of mistake.

D. 50% of people will make the same mistake.

(C)

My wife and I stayed in London for a few weeks last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good and there are not too many visitors in October.

We stayed in a small restaurant in the West End. We did most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at all the places. We went shopping and spent too much money. We liked going to the theatre . We don't have the chance to see such good plays (戏剧) at home. A lot of people say English food is very bad. We didn't think so. Most of the restaurants are French or Chinese, but we had some very good meals.

We enjoyed our holiday very much. We want to go there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas . I'm sure we'll need them sometimes.

1. “We went shopping and spent too much money” means _________.

A. they didn't enjoy shopping and spent too much

money

B. prices were high in England

C. there were so many good things in the shops and

they bought a lot

D. they liked to go shopping with lots of money

2. They didn't have the chance to see such good plays_________.

A. in their small restaurant

B. in their home town

C. in France

D. in England

3. You can get _______ in a restaurant.

A. meals

B. clothes

C. books

D. cakes

4. I'm sure we'll need umbrellas sometimes

because__________.

A. umbrellas can be very good presents for their

friends in London

B. it often rains in London

C. the English people like to bring umbrellas with

them

D. the English people protect (保护) themselves

with umbrella

5. The two visitors came from________.

A. England

B. France

C. America

D. a country we don't

know

四. 根据所给汉语完成下列英语句子

1. Yesterday afternoon Miss Li came here _________ (向你道歉).

2. I did everything ___________ (他要求我做的).

3. We saw the old scientist ____________ (在花园里散步) just now.

4. My grandpa has ___________ (好记忆). He can remember many things.

5. Do you know who _______ (发明了机器人)？

6. I find ____________ (记住这些单词很难).

7. I enjoy ____________ (吃大肉).

8. Don’t stand ___________ (一直). Please give me a hand.

9. Wang Zheng __________ (出身在)a worker’s family.

10. ________________ (祝你们好运), all the boys.

初二年级（中）

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语

1. give a concert

2. fall down

3. go on

4. at the end of

5. go back

6. in ahurry

7. write down

8. come out

9. all the year round

10. later on

11. at times

12. ring sb. up

13. Happy New Year!

14. have a party

15. hold on

16. hear from

17. be ready

18. at the moment 19. take out

20.the same as

21. turn over

22. get-together

23. put on

24. take a seat

25. wait for

26. get lost

27. just then

28. first of all

29. go wrong

30. make a noise

31. get on

32. get off

33. stand in line

34. at the head of

35. laugh at

36. throw about

37. in fact

38. at midnight

39. enjoy oneself

40. have a headache

41. have a cough

42. fall asleep

43. again and again

44. look over

45. take exercise

II. 重要句型

1. be good for sth.

2. I think …

3. I hope…

4. I love…

5. I don’t like…

6. I’m sure…

7. forget to do sth.

8. take a message for sb.

9. give sb. the message

10. help yourself to sth.

11. be famous for sth.

12. on one’s way to…

13. make one’s way to…

14. quarrel with sb.

15. agree with sb.

16. stop sb. from doing sth. III. 交际用语

1.What’s the weather like today?

2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.

3.How cold it is today!

4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.

5.Shall we make a snowman?

6.Ok. Come on!

7.Happy New Year!

8.May I speak to Ann, please?？

9.Hold on, please.

10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.

11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.

12.Can I take a message for you?

13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.

14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.

15.I’m sorry to hear that.

16.Happy birthday!

17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?

18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.

19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree.

I really can't agree.

20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.

21.So do we.

22.I'm happy you like it.

23.Which is the way to ..., please?

24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.

25.Go on until you reach ...

26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.

27.What's the matter?

28.It'll take you half an hour to ...

29.We'd better catch a bus.

30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is

31.You must be more careful!

32.You mustn't cross the road now.

33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.

34.Please stand in line.

35.You must wait for your turn.

36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.

37.I don't feel very well.

38.My head hurts.

39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.

40.What's the trouble?

41.What's the matter with…?

42.She didn't feel like eating anything.

43.Nothing serious.

44.Have/get a pain in…

45.No problem.

46.Take this medicine three times a day.

IV. 重要语法

1. 一般过去时；

2. 反意疑问句的用法；

3. 一般将来时；

4. 感叹句；

5. 简单句的五种基本句型；

6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；

7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。

【名师讲解】

1. above/ over/ on

这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：

There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。

I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。

There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。

2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.

forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：

I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。

I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。

类似的词还有：remember, regret等。

3. hope/wish

hope和wish在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：

(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只

能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：

I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。

I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。

I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。

I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。

(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：

Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？

4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方

提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说

话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例

如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。

It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。

(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：

I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。

I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure

about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把

握。

5. hear from/hear of

hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.

我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。

Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.

听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。

hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：

I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.

上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。

I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。

hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：

Who is he? I’ve never heard o f him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。

I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。

6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.

It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。

---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。

---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。再见。

---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。

类似的话还有“Not at all.” “You are welcome.”

“That’s all right.”

With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：

---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 请你把报纸递给我好吗？

---With pleasure.

当然可以。

7. seem/look

(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：

He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今

天看起来很高兴。

It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像

要下雨了。

(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：

1)后跟不定式to do时。如：

He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知

道答案。

2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：

It seems that he is happier now than

yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。

8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get

ready for

(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作

好…的准备”，强调状态

(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.

我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。

I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿

意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。

He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准

备动身去东京。

Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这

一艰难时刻作好准备吧。

(3)be ready to do通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即

思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to

do表示

“不轻易做某事”。如：

He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。

9. at table/at the table

at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：

The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。

Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a

book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。

10. reach, arrive/get to

三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+

大地方。如：

Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。

When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的？

It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。

11. sick/ill

二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：

Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。

He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成：He's an ill man.

My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个

月。

12. in time/on time

in time是"及时"的意思，on time是"准时，按时"。如：

I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时

赶上汽车。

We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任

务。

13. may be/maybe

It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词perhaps。再如：

Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put it

in that bag.）

It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说It

maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）

14. noise/ voice/ sound

noise指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：

Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗！

I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声

音。

He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。

We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇

怪的声音。

Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音

传得快，但是光传得更快。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1. 一般过去时；

2. 反意疑问句的用法；

3. 一般将来时；

4. 感叹句；

5. 简单句的五种基本句型；

6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；

7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句；

8. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；

9. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。

考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年长沙市中考试题)

---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?

---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much homework.

A. will have

B. had

C. won’t have

D. don’t have

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。

2. (2004年佛山市中考试题)

You have been to Tibet, _________? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.

A.have you

B. haven’t you

C. don’t you

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分，而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。

3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)

---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相扑手).

---Wow, ______________!

A. How a fat man

B. What a fat man

C. How fat man

D. What fat man

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只保留了感叹部分。如果以What开头，就应该是What a fat man! 如果是How开头，就应该是How fat!

4. (2004年福建省泉州市中考试题)

---Thanks for your help.

---__________________

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数

形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语知识点总结重点要看的

初中复习资料 目录英语词组总结for 和1.比较since 的四种用法2.since 延续动词与瞬间动词3. 重点部分提要词汇一. 单词⑴ 2冠词a / an / the: 3.some和any 4.family 5. little的用法 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 2. 祈使句 1.英语构词法汇 2.英语语法汇总及练习 第1讲：名词 第2讲：代词 第3讲：形容词

第4讲：副词 第5讲：动词 第6讲：不定式 第7讲介词 第8讲：连词 第9讲：时态一 第10讲：时态(二) 第11讲：动词语态 第12讲：句子种类（一） 第13讲：句子的种类(二) 讲：宾语从句14第 第15讲：状语从句There be句型与中考试题第17讲ABC 被动语态复习第18讲 【初中英语词组总结】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）

4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……

初中英语语法知识总结

英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语所有知识点复习大全

初中英语知识大全 第一课时名词 一、概述 1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。 2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写） 二、可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。如：glass-----glasses; book---- books 2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。 如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。 3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。 Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数) The lights are on. (light：灯，可数) 4、不可数名词的量的表示 不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。 如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper ------ two pieces of paper a bag of rice ------ three bags of rice 三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用） 1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题

初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内， 例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事， 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事， look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ？ I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如： You look in this box and I'll

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。

初中英语语法大全汇总

初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。

初中英语重点知识归纳

Unit 1 重点知识归纳 Where’s your pen pal from? 一、重点词汇 1.澳洲，澳大利亚n. 2.日本n. 3.加拿大n. 4.法国n. 5.国家n 6.语言n. 7.居住v. 8.世界n. 9.日语，日本人n. 10.法国人，法语n. 11.任何一个，无论哪个adj. 二、重点短语 1.来自 2.笔友 3.一点儿 4.给…写信 三、重点句型 1.-- 你的笔友来自哪里？-- 来自美国。 2. 3. Where’s the post office? 一、重点词汇 1.餐馆，饭店n. 2.图书馆n. 3.超级市场n. 4.银行n. 5.公园n. 6.街，街道n. 7.中央，中心n. 8.邮件，邮政n. 9.桥n. 10.向左，左边adv. & n. 11.向右，右边adv. & n 12.房子,住宅n. 13.(菜,花)园n. 14.散步,步行n. 15.开始n. 16.旅行,游历n. 17.地方,地点n. 18.向下,下去,沿着adv.& prep. 19.出租车,的士,计程车n. 20.私人飞机,小型民用机场n. 21.开着的,营业中的adj. 22.清洁的,干净的adj. 23.宁静的adj. 24.肮脏的adj. 25.享受…的乐趣，欣赏v. 26.穿过，通过prep. 27.如果（表条件）conj. 28.饥饿的adj. 29.到达，抵达v. 30.通过v. 31.希望，盼望，期待v. 二、重点短语 1.邮局 2.投币式公用电话 3.在…对面 4.在…前面（外部） 5.紧挨着，在…旁边 6.在临近地区 7.散步，步行 8.玩得高兴，过得愉快 9.去…的路 10.到达 三、重点句型 1.-- 附近有银行吗？-- 是的，有。/不，没有。 2. 3.哪一条路是去超市的路？ 4.我怎么才能到达红星旅馆？ 5.沿着大桥街走，在第二个十字路口向左拐，银行就在 公园的对面。 6.沿着这条大街直行，公用电话就在前方500米处的右 侧。 7.过桥后继续走直到马路的尽头，公园就在你的面前， 你不会错过的。 8.大桥街是个能玩得高兴的好地方。 Unit 3 重点知识归纳 Why do you like koalas？ 一、重点词汇 1.动物园n. 2.熊猫n. 3.地图，图n. 4.睡，睡觉v. 5.老虎，虎n. 6.大象n. 7.狮子n. 8.友好的adj. 9.害羞的，怕羞的adj. 10.狗n. 11.草n. 12.因而，所以conj. 13.在…期间prep. 14.动物n. 15.其他的，另外的adj. 16.美丽的，美好的adj. 17.聪明的，机灵的adj. 18.（食用）肉，肉类n. 19.叶，树叶n. 20.懒惰的，懒散的adj. 21.放松，休息v. 二、重点短语 1.南非 2.在白天 3.入睡 4.再五个，又五个 5.（两个中的）另一个 6.（两部分中的）另一些 7.（无范围的）一个…，另一个… 8.（无范围的）一些…，另一些… 9.（三个中的）一个…，又一个…，再一个 10.对某人友好 三、重点句型 1.-- 你喜欢什么动物？-- 我喜欢熊猫。 2.你还喜欢什么别的动物吗？我还喜欢狮子。 I want to be an actor. 一、重点词汇 1.给，授予v. 2.穿，戴v. 3.谈话，谈论v 4.演员n. 1

初中英语语法大全(总结篇)

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名

人教版初中英语知识点复习总结

人教版初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中

初中英语重点知识点讲解

few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有； fewer:few的比较级,较少的 a few表示有肯定意思,有几个.例如：He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞. There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋. little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有. less:little的比较级,较少的 a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿.例如： There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗? 比较so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数] so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。 much和more. much的比较级是more. much可以修饰比较级，如much bigger,much younger,much more beautiful more与后面的多音节和派生词形容词构成比较级。如more beautiful, more careful affordsuppose offer provide 1、afford 特指经济能力，负担得起，买得起。指有（经济或时间）条件（做某事）。常与情态动词 can, could, be able to连用，后接不定式,名词或代词 例如：We can’t to buy tickets to the concert.我们买不起听音乐会的票。 I’m afraid I can’t afford too much money on books.恐怕我们付不起太多的钱买书。