牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-11 连词 状语从句 - 学案

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义

国庆节期间，整个国家处处都是欢乐的氛围，街道上也处处是气球和红旗。每一位中国人都希望自己的祖国越来越强大。

108 After the army attacked enemy's base，the battle broke out in the north area and just after 2 hours，the enemy gave up the base.

部队攻击了敌人的基地。战斗在北部爆发了仅2小时之后敌人放弃了基地。

109 This blind Australian singer was very popular with teenagers and in yesterday's charity show，he sang his favorite songs while some actresses were dancing around him.

这位澳洲盲人歌手在年轻人种很受欢迎。昨天在一场慈善表演中，他演唱了自己最喜欢的歌曲，同时一些女演员在其周围伴舞。

110 Some articles and the pictures of these magazines about geography and journey aren't printed clearly，so this section can't publish these magazines.

这本杂志中有关地理和旅行的一些文章和照片印的不是很清楚，所以该部门无法出版这些杂志。

一、专题知识梳理

1. 连词的概念

连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。

2. 连词的分类

常有的

1、并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also，as well as等。

2、表转折的并列连词：but，however，while (而)，only (只不过)。

3、表选择的并列连词，or，or else，otherwise…

4、表因果的连词：for，so，therefore (因此)，then等。

5、从属连词：that，if，whether，（初中主要用来连接宾语从句，其次用来连接状语从句。）

6、时间状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while，as，since，before，after，once，as soon as，until，till

7、连接条件状语的连词有：if，unless，as long as 等，

8、而原因状语的连接词有because，since，as，now that (既然)。

9、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that，so…that，such…that，as…as，than，where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。我们通过一些例句来分析一下连词的功用。

3.重点连词辨析

1、because、as、since、for的用法：

because表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，从句一般放在主句后面；另外，回答why的问句只能用because.

as表示一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。

for(因为)是并列连词，语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。

如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill./ As all of you have got here，now，let’s go to the zoo./ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. / We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.

2、if、whether的区别：

表示“是否”时，if和whether同义，引导宾语从句，另外，whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。

如：I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）

下列情况只能用whether不能用if：

○1引导主语从句，如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.

②引导从句作介词宾语

③引导不定式短语，/ Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not. (作动词的宾语) /

④引导让步状语从句，Hainan is the place to be，whether it’s summer or winter. (引导让步状语从句)/

⑤在动词discuss之后

⑥在wonder / not sure之后

3、while、when、as的用法区别：

1）while常表示一个较长的动作，它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；

Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. /

2）when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作，主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；

I’ll go home when I have finished my job. / They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming

3）as与上两词同义，可替换while和when，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……”。. As we walked in the dark street，we sang songs and talked loudly.

4、till/until与not…till/until的区别：

1）前者表示一个延续性的动作，后者表示一个才开始的动作。

如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. (stay这个动作一直进行到你return) /

2）They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.

另外till与until基本可以互换，但是在句首时只能用until，不能用till.

如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.

Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）

5、though与although的区别：

两个词都表示“虽然”，均不可以与but同时使用，但在句中可加still或yet连用。

although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词，比较正式，一般可以换为though；though“虽然、尽管、即使”，还可以与even 连用(=even if)，表示“即使、纵然”，作副词时意思是“然而、不过”，不能放在句首。

如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes./ she won’t leave the TV set，even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper./ It was a quiet party. I had a good time，though.

6、prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别：

prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形，prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。

如：I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.

二、专题精讲

1、＿＿＿she was not well，I decided to go without her.

A. Though

B. As

C. When

D. Because of

2、Take this dictionary with you ＿＿＿you may use it in class.

A. otherwise

B. in order to

C. or

D. so that

3、—I don’t know ______I should do with so many eggs. –You can sell them.

A how

B why

C what

D when

三、专题过关

1. Do more exercise every day，you’ll be stronger than before.

A. so

B. but

C. and

D. or

2. I have something important to discuss with Tim. I will wait for Tim he gets back.

A. as

B. until

C. when

D. after

3. You can buy computers at a local shop. They’re usually more expensive，______ you can get better after-sales service.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or

4. Arthur，you will get toothache ______ you clean your teeth regularly.

A. unless

B. since

C. if

D. before

5. We will go to Happy Valley tomorrow it rains.

A. until

B. when

C. unless

D. if

6. the World Expo was over，a lot of visitors still go to the China Pavilion to enjoy themselves and take photos.

A. Although

B. Since

C. When

D. As

7. Don't stay up too late. ________ you'll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow.

A. or

B. but

C. and

D. so

8. Susan did quite well in the final exam ________ she had missed two weeks' lessons.

A. though

B. if

C. because

D. unless

9. I decided not to buy frozen dumplings the government said they were safe.

A. because

B. though

C. since

D. or

10. I can’t understand the sentence ____ there are no new words in it.

A. if

B. until

C. though

D. because

11. We will remember the picture ______ it is silly，strange and colorful.

A. unless

B. if

C. before

D. after

12. Speak louder_______ everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.

A. so that

B. in order to

C. since

D. because

四、学法提炼

1 熟悉各个连词的使用方法。

2 在理解句意的基础上选择合适的连词。

3 注意区别相近意义的连词。

一、专题知识梳理

一、状语从句的概念

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

二、状语从句的分类

根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。

三、状语从句的句法功能

1. 时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）

1)时间状语从句常用when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as等连词来引导。例如：

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework，the telephone rang.

As he walked along the lake，he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school，he went to work in a factory.

易混引导词while，when的区别：

when既可以指"时间点"，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用（=while）。

While表示时间段，因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。

练习：用while或when填空

1. Please don't talk so loud ______ others are working.

2. ______ he came in，his mother was cooking.

3. ______ we were at school，we went to the library every day.

2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

练习：

1. I’ll ring you up as soon as I ______（get）to New York.

2 .I will tell him everything when he ______ (come) back.

3. He won’t believe it until he ______ (see) it with his own eyes.

结论: 主将从现的原则

3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓

语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”，“在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

例如：（注意粗体单词）

1.The young man read till the light went out.

2.Let’s wait until the rain stops.

3.We won’t start until Bob comes.

4.Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2.条件状语从句（主句用将来时从句用现在时）

1)条件状语从句通常由if，unless引导。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

练习：

1. I’ll help you with your English if I ______(be) free tomorrow.

2. He ______(not) be late unless he is ill.

3)“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：

Hurry up，or （其中文意思是什么）you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard，you will pass the exam.

3. 原因状语从句

1)原因状语从句通常由because，since（因为），as（因为）引导。例如：

H e didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining，we shall not go the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else.

2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，

只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car，he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money，we can’t buy it.

3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4. 结果状语从句

1)结果状语从句由so…that，such…that，so that引导。

练习：

1. He is ______ poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

A．so B. such C. much D .too

2. She is ______good teacher that everybody likes her.

A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such

2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:

“...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。

例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2，000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）

1）It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

A so wonderful a film

B so a wonderful film

2）It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

A so an important match

B an so important match

C so important a match

(3)如果名词前由many，much，little，few等词修饰时，只能用so，不用such。

练习：

Soon there were ______ many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

A so

B such

C much

总结：

①so +形容词或者副词+that…

②such +(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词+ that

③such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数

= so+形容词+a/an +可数名词单数

④so + little/ many/much/ few +名词

5. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as，比较级+ than…等连词引导。例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one.

6. 目的状语从句

1)目的状语从句通常由so that，in order that引导。例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：

目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can，could，may，might等。

从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

7. 让步状语从句

1)让步状语从句通常由although，though，even though，even if，no matter，however等连词引导。例如：

1.Though he is young，he knows a lot.

2. Although／Though／Even though／Even if you don’t like him you can still be polit e．

尽管／即使／纵然／即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。

3. No matter what you do(Whatever your do)，don’t touch this switch．

无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。

4. However rich people are(=No matter how rich people are )，they always seem anxious to make more money．无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。

5. However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventually．

无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。

6. Whatever you do，don’t tell him that I told you this．

无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。

2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard，but he still went out.

应该说：Though it was raining hard，he still went out. 或It was raining hard，but he still went out.

8. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：

Go where you like.

Where there is a will，there is a way.

二、专题精讲

1.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise，such as running and walking.

4. We won't have supper ______my mother comes back.

5. Speak to him slowly ______he may understand you better.

6. ______ she doesn't come on Sunday，I'll go fishing by myself.

7. It is four years ______I had left that small village.

8. ______the air moves，it is called wind.

9. We will go to the park ______it doesn't rain tomorrow.

10.______little boys did ______much work.

11. There are few new words in the passage ______we can't understand it.

12. Go back ______you come from.

13. He reached the station ______the train had left.

14. ----Do you have a swimming pool?

----No，we don't. At least，not ______big ______yours.

15. Give me your paper ______you have finished it.

16. It is raining hard，______we have to stay at home.

17. ______you work harder，you'll never pass the final exam.

18. Look after the children ______I am out.

19. The village is ______far away ______I can't get there on foot.

20. That is ______an interesting book ______I can't stop reading it.

五、学法提炼

1 熟悉掌握各个状语从句的连词，并且知晓其含义。

2 在理解句意的基础上，选择合适的状语从句的连词。

Ⅱ. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)

26. He did very well，but he failed to break the record. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?

A) [brek] B) [bre?k] C)[br?k] D)[br?k]

27. Which of the following underlined parts is different is pronunciation with others ?

A) Students are allowed to choose the style of their school uniforms

B) Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1979.

C) You had a toothache because you ate too much spicy food.

D) The Smiths seldom go to church，but they believe.

28. Lucy’s cousin is ______ engineer. She always wears ______ uniform at work.

A) a，a B) a，an C) an，a D) an，an

29. Johnson was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest ___ them.

A) with B) in C) to D) among

30. It is said that _____ of the students like to help their parents with the housework

A) three-fifths B) third-fifths C) thirds-fifth D)three-fifth

_________ your parents ________ out early to catch the first bus yesterday?

63. Doctor Zhang was highly praised for what he had done for his patients.(对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ Doctor Zhang highly praised?

64．A tourist guide showed the foreigners around Y u Garden yesterday.(改为被动语态)

The foreigners _________ _________ around Yu Garden yesterday.

65. The air pollution was quite serious in our city last month.(改为感叹句)

________ ________ the air pollution os in our city today!

66.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改为简单句)

Visitors love this city ________ ________ its historical sights and delicious food.

67.“Have you seen the exciting film before?” Linda asked her husband.(合并为一句)

Linda asked her husband ______ he _______ seen the exciting film.

68. months，take，the bridge，at least，will，it ，to，the engineers，three，design(连词成句)

Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写)

Ⅵ.Reading comprehension(阅读理解)（共50分）

A．Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)（12分）

In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was dear and dangerous. In those days，there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men，or “stewards（空乘）”helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers` luggage but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930，a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”。

Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a farmer—she wanted a more adventurous (冒险的)life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but she also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license.

Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous，she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot. But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because flying was still an unreliable way to travel. There were often delays，many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed.

The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.

At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes，but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old，single and slim. When a woman joined an airline，she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned $1 an hour.

In the 1970s，stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s，“stewardesses” have been c alled flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.

69. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph suggests that Ellen was the first woman to _________.

A)invent the new word “stewardess”B) flew a plane

C)work on a plane D)travel by plane

70. From the second paragraph，we learn that__________.

A)Ellen did not behave in the same way as other girls

B)Ellen`s family was not rich enough to support her education

C)Ellen was fond of working on a farm

D)Ellen has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely.

71.Ellen ________ when she was young.

A)didn’t work as nurse in a hospital B)didn’t want to marry a farmer on a farm C)didn’t take flying lessons D)failed to get her pilot license

72.The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ______.

A)her flying experience B)her university education

C)her nursing experience D)her life attitudes

73.According to the passage，in the 1904s ，a woman had to _____ if she wanted to be a stewardess.

A)be a nurse B)be married C)be a mother D)be young

74.The passage mainly talks about______.

A)the background of early flying pilots B)the experience of flying passengers

C)the history of early flight attendants D)the development of airplanes

B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分）

School uniforms have been around for hundreds of years，and even perhaps longer. They are usually used in grade schools，but some high schools. Particularly those in England and Europe often have some kind of uniform or dress code requirements. In general，they are used to keep students in line for many different reasons.

One of the __75____ of wearing school uniforms is that there is no need to __76____ what children are doing to wear every day，and there is more concentration on class. One of the benefits of school uniforms in this case is that there is no __77____ with others. Everyone is wearing the same clothes every day. This way，instead of competing over who is wearing what，there is more focus on the daily school work. Not always ，but in many cases，girls try to dress provocatively (挑逗地)，whether it’s to impress the boys，or to outdo（超越）one another. Using school uniforms takes away these distractions(使人分心的事)。

Many times，kids are __78____ because of the clothes they wear，and it seems that no matter how hard parents try，kids know who is poor in the school. One of the advantages of school uniforms is that there is nothing to tell the difference between who is poor or well off. The benefit of wearing school uniforms is that everyone wears the same thing，whether you are rich，or poor.

There are some other things that make the idea school uniforms more___79___. There is no need to buy designer clothes that so many kids demand these days，and this can be very __80___ for parents who are constantly being asked by their kids to buy the next latest and greatest fashion. Some other advantages of school uniforms is that there is less likelihood of kids wearing gang color and colthes and this can reduce incidents of violence in schools greatly.

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