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外研英语选修6课文原文

外研英语选修6

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Module 1 Small Talk

How Good Are Your Social Skills?

Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest? Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don’t worry – we can help you!

You needn’t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning.

Here are a few ideas to help you.

Learn how to do small talk.

Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example:

Think of a recent news story – not to serious, . a story about a film star or sports star.

Think of things to tell people about your studies.

Think of “safe” things you can ask people’s opinions about – music, sport, films, etc.

Think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers –and avoid talking about them! That way, you don’t damage your confidence!

Develop your listening skills

Listening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process – it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember –you won’t impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:

Show that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures –smiling, nodding, saying “uh-huh” and “OK”, etc.

Keep good eye contact

Use positive body language

Ask for more information to show your interest

DON’T

Look at your watch

Yawn

Sign

Look away from the person who’s talking to you

Change the subject

Finish other people’s sentences for them

Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!”

Learn the rules

If you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don’t need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but yo u needn’t if you don’t want t. remember also that in some countries, you mustn’t take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky. In most places, you don’t have to take a gift to a party –but find our first!

The Wrong Kind of Small Talk

Esther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken human being in the world –well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”

Esther Gr eenbaum’s major shortcoming was that she had a

complete absence of small talk. No, that’ not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn’t a very good saleswoman.

One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman.

“Nice to meet you,” she said. “How old are you?” The customer looked awkward.

“Forty? Forty-five?” said Esther. “You kook much older. And your friend … she’s older than you, but she looks much younger!”

On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, “Hey! When’s your baby due?”

The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, I’m not pregnant,” she said.

“Oh, sorry,” said Esther without any apology. “Just putting on a little weight, huh?”

Esther was never cautious about other people’s feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.

“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”

Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head.

One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.

“Nice haircut,” said Esther. “How much did it cost?”

The woman replied, “I’d rather not say.”

Esther replied, “Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid t oo little.”

She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence!” she said. “You’re writing a book and I’m reading one!”

The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn’t think about what she said. A young man was trying to modest about his new job many miles away.

“I guess the company chose me so they’d get some peace in the office,” he smiled.

“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us,” Esther replied sweetly.

Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess.

“Do you remember that guy you were dating? What happened to him?” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”

At the moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, I’d like you to meet my husband,” she said, “Charles, this is…”

Esther interrupted her, “Hey, so you married him!”

Making Friends in the USA

In the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.

If you’re not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We’re defined by our jobs and we’r e usually happy to talk about them, unless you’re spy!

Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We’re interested in people’s ethnic background too. But it’s best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.

A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someon e, but this doesn’t mean that you’re close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation “If you’re ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is neve r made without a genuine desire to meet again.

But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it’s a sign that they don’t wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will

talk about safe topics because they don’t dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.

Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It’s easy to return to discussing the weather: “Do you like the USA?” How do you like the weather?” or making compliments: ”What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!” “That’s fabulous d ress you’re wearing.” You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you!”

There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: “Isn’t she wonderful for her age!” and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don’t expect an accurate reply!

Income is a very private matter, and you’d do well to avoi d asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don’t ask how much things cost, either.

But what we don’t like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment for a quiet party and silent guests.

The AAA

It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don’t know each other very well, or don’t know each other at all.

Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works.

Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. the first person asks a question:

A: Do you live near here?

The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question:

B: (Answer) Yes, I do.

(Add) In an apartment on Brown Street.

(Ask) Do you live nearby too?

The first person does the same, answer, add and ask:

A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.

(Add) I’m just visiting London.

(Ask) Have you lived here long?

B: (Answer) Not so long.

(Add) I moved here three years ago.

(Ask) What’s the purpose of you visit to London?

The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realize that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversation continues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.

The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere.

B: Why do you live in Bristol?

A: I’m studying there. History. Are you a student?

B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown?

A: Helen Bro wn? Yes! She’s on of my best friends! How do you know her?

B: She’s my cousin.

At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful technique, they found something they have in common at last.

Module 2Fantasy Literature

The Cat That Vanished

Will was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to the

north, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept; but as he stood trying to clear his head, he saw a cat.

She was a tabby, like Moxie. She padded out of a garden on the Oxford side of the road, where Will was standing. Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand, and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles, just as Moxie did. Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes.

Eventually this cat turned away. This was night, and there was a territory to patrol, there were mice to hunt. She padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the hornbeam trees, and there she stopped. Will still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. She reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her, something quite invisible to Will. Then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. Will knew cat-behaviour. He watched more alertly as the cat approached the spot again, just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge, and patted the air once more.

Again she leapt back, but less far and with less alarm this time. After another few seconds of sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching, curiosity overcame wariness.

The cat stepped forward, and vanished.

Will blinked. Then he stood still, close to the trunk of the nearest tree, as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. It wasn’t easy, because there was nothing to fix on, but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely, he saw it.

At least, he saw it from some angles. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across. If you were level with the patch so that it was edge-on, it was nearlyinvisible, and it was completely invisible from behind. You could only see it from the side nearest the road, and you couldn’t see it easily even from there, because all you could see through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side: a patch of grass lit by a street light.

But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world. He could n’t possibly have said why. He knew it at once, as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good. He was looking at something profoundly alien.

And for that reason alone, it enticed him to stoopp and look further. What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder, but he didn’t hesitate: he pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself, through the hole in the fabric of this world and into

another.

He found himself standing under a row of trees. But not hornbeam trees: these were tall palms, and they were growing, like the trees in Oxford, in a line along the grass. But his was the centre of a broad boulevard, and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafes and small shops, all brightly lit, all open, and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars. The hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea.

Will looked around carefully. Behind him the full moon sone down over a distant prospect of great green hills, and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there ere houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple.

Just beside him was that bare patch in the air, as hard to see from this side as from the other, but definitely there. He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford, his own world. The turned away with a shudder: whatever this new world was, it had to be better than what he’d just left. With a dawning light-headedness, the feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide.

The Story of . Rowling and Harry Potter

The elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is . Rowling, the

gifted creator of Harry Potter. Joa nne Rowling’s roots are in the southwest of England, where she grew up. But the idea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London. She wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope. She then went to teach English in Portugal, where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story. But her name is forever associated with Edinburgh in Scotland, where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books.

There are many anecdotes about how, in 1990, . Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she worked, and because she was too poor to own a typewriter, she wrote by hand. She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh because she had no money to pay for the heating at home.

Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up. But she was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties. It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story, which, because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title, was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.

Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she had finished the series. In fact, it took her about ten years to complete. But after the first book, the success of each of the following

titles was automatic. The fifth book, The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published.

Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism, but what makes the books so important is that, because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children. In an age of computer games and television programmes, it is also claimed they are responsible for a renewed interest in reading. Harry Potter has even become part of the school curriculum, much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren.

And the Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to the English-speaking world. Rowling’s books have been translated into more than 55 languages, and it has been estimated thath more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world. In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank. She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.

Introduction

One of the greatest British writes of fantasy literature was (1898-1963), who wrote The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Lucy discovers the winter land of Narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the White Witch. They also meet Aslan, the lion, who is the only one who

can defeat the Witch and restore summer to Narnia. With Aslan, the children learn to be brave and to forgive. They learn great sorrow and happiness, and finally they learn wisdom. Their time in Narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of.

Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

And then she saw that there was a light ahead of her; not a few inches away where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been, but a long way off. Something cold and soft was falling on her. A moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling through the air.

Lucy felt a little frightened, but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. She looked back over her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out. (She had, of course, left the door open, for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a wardrobe.) It seemed to be still da ylight there. “I can always get back if anything goes wrong,” thought Lucy. She began to walk forward, crunch-crunch over the snow and through the wood towards the other light. In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost. As she stood looking at it, wondering why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood, and wondering what to do next, she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. And soon after that a

very strange person stepped out from among the trees in to the light of the lamppost.

He was only a little taller than Lucy herself and carried over his head an umbrella, white with snow. From the waist upwars he was like a man, but his legs were shaped like a goat’s (the hair on them was glossy black) and instead of feet he had goat’s hoofs. He also had a tail, but Lucy did not notice this at first because it was so neatly caught up over the arm that held the umbrella so as to keep it from trailing in the snow. He had a red woolen muffler round his neck and his skin was rather reddish too. He had a strange, but pleasant little face, with a short pointed beard and curly hair, and out of the hair there stuck two horns, one on each side of his forehead. One of his hands, as I have said, held the umbrella; in the other arm he carried several brown-paper parcels. With the parcels and the snow it looked just as if he had been doing his Christmas shopping. He was a Faun. And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all his parcels.

“Goodness gracious me!” exclaimed the Faun.

The Lord of the Rings

One of the most famous fantasy stories of the twentieth century is the trilogy The Lord of the Rings by Tolkien. All three parts of the story have been made into very successful films. The story takes place in a

world called Middle Earth. Humans are only one of the creatures who exist at this time. There are also elves, tall beautiful creatures who have magical powers and never die. There are hobbits, who are like small humans and live in holes in hills. There are also dwarves, who are similar to small, ugly men and live deep in the mountains.

In The Lord of the Rings, a wicked wizard called Sauron, who has great magical powers, has created nine rings. Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power. But Sauron has created one ring – the Ring – that can control all of these rings. The person who has this ring controls the whole of Middle Earth.

Fortunately, this ring has been lost for hundreds of years. But then it is discovered by a hobbit. Sauron, realiseng that the Ring has been found, sends his creatures to get it back. If he finds the Ring, Sauron will rule Middle Earth and it will become a place of darkness and fear. Gandalf, a good wizard, realizes that in order to save Middle Earth, the Ring must be destroyed. To do this, someone must take the Ring into Sauron’s kingdom. There, they must destroy the Ring in the fires that created it. The three books tell the story of the journey to destroy the Ring. In the last book of the trilogy there is a terrible war between Sauron and his creatures, and those who want to save Middle Earth.

Many people believe that The Load of the Rings is the best twentieth century novel in English. Of course, there are always those who

do not enjoy reading fantasy novels. But if you do, then this is one story you should definitely read.

Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships – Friendship

Roy’s Story

I remember the first time I met Roy. He was standing in the centre of a group of boys, and he was telling a joke. When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing. Roy laughed too. A loud happy laugh. “Popular boy,” I thought to myself. My name is Daniel. I was from the north of England, but my father had been offered a better job in London, and our whole family had moved there. I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.

There were 33 students in my new class, and most people weren’t very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was one of the few people who were kind to me. He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting to know people. Roy and I become good friends. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters, things that were important to us.

Five years later, Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago. Roy’s father was knocked over by a car. He died a few days

later. The family had to move to a much smaller house in order to manage financially. Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. He had always been a clever, hard-working student but now he seemed to lose all interest in his work. He started losing friends. These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time, but we no longer close.

About three months ago, a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats. In his hand he had a wallet –and I knew it wasn’t his! My mouth fell open and I just looked at him. Roy went bright red. ”I’ll put it back right now,” he said, and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word.

I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me. At the same time, small amounts of money started disappearing from students’ lockers. I wonder if the thief was Roy but decided not to say anything to anyone. I hope it wasn’t him.

Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. It was very successful and by the end of the day, we had made about $500. Our class teacher, Mr White, came and chatted to a group of us that included Roy, and held up a box for us to see. “There’s $500 in here,” he said with a smile. But to our surprise, the next morning, we

were told that the money had been stolen. Mr White had left the box in a classroom for a few minutes, and when he came back it had disappeared. The head teacher asked anyone who thought they might know something about the theft to come to him.

This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft, and this morning I went to see him. Roy was out, and I went upstairs to his bedroom to wait for him. It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. I put it on and put my hands in the pockets. I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out.

It looked as if there was about $500 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. At that moment, the door swung open, and Roy walked in.

Childhood Friends

The first time I lost my best friend, I thought it was the end of the world. I don’t mean that he died, he just went away, b ut I still measure all pain by how hurt I was when Danny left.

I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. We lived in a small bungalow in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny, and we grew up together.

人教版高中英语选修6各单元课文原文

选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

高中英语必修六知识点外研版

选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.

英语选修六课文翻译

人教版英语选修六课文翻译 Unit 1 A Short History Western Painting 西方绘画艺术简史西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世纪开始的几种主要风格。中世纪（公元5 世纪到15 世纪）在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13 世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。文艺复兴时期(15 世纪到16 世纪) 在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在1428 年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画

时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。印象派时期(19 世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19 世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入城市。有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，起初，多数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。他们说这些画家作画时心不在焉，粗枝大叶，他们的作品更是荒唐。现代艺术(20 世纪至今) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们存在争议。但是，现在已经被人们接受，并且成为现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖。如今，现代艺术已有几十多种，如果没有印象派艺术，也就没有那么多不同的风格，印象派画家帮助艺术家们用新的方法来观察环境和艺术。有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们的眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中体现某些物体的某些品质和特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品太逼真了，

新课标高中英语选修6课文-第一单元reading翻译

西方绘画艺术简史艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？

人教版英语选修六课文原文资料讲解

人教版英语选修六课文原文

Unit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is

外研版英语选修六答案

外研版英语选修六答案【篇一：【6份】2016年秋季高二英语外研版选修6同步练习含答案】 ss=txt>选修6同步练习含答案 module 1 small talk 一、单词拼写(单句首字母填空) 1. the brain performs a very important it controls the nervous system of the body. about her success. she never shows off. to take part in the olympic games. you, but where can i take a bus to the supermarket? of this technology will be useful. 8. the other day i helped you out of the embarrassing situation, so you owed me a to my host and left early. 11. by the time we got to the cinema, the tickets had been sold out. we should have bought the tickets of borrowing a bike from me. with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed. i will go out playing basketball. in our education system. 二、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词) 16. the bank is very 谨慎) about lending money to anyone with no credit. 17. these days, he was very annoyed, because his wife decided to 离婚) him. 18. i (自信地) tell you that i can overcome the difficulties present. 19. she didnt tell me the reason why she had never 回复) to my letter. 20. the date of the meeting was 提前) by four days. 21. did you come to london for the 目的) of seeing your families? 22. the two groups met for 非正式的) talks. 23. can you 想象) yourself becoming famous as a professor? 打断) adults when they are talking?

外研社课文文本选修六module6warandpeace

Module 6 War and Peace The D-Day Landings – Passage 1 In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. The war, which lasted until 1945, is known as the Second World War. During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France. He most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation Overlord, the military operation in 1944 to invade France. Operation Overlord started when boats full of soldiers landed on the beaches of Normandy in France, known as the D-Day landings. More than 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel, carrying 130,000 troops to the French coast. Troops from the United States, Britain and Canada took part in the D-Day landings. The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats. American soldiers attempted to land at the most dangerous place, known as Omaha Beach. The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion. Eventually, the soldiers made a breakthrough and the D-Day landings were successful. It was the beginning of the end of the Second World War. Operation Overlord started as a story of danger and confusion and ended as a story of bravery and acts of heroism. The D-Day Landings – Passage 2 The soldiers of Able Company crossed the English Channel in seven boats early on the morning of 6 June 1944. when they were about 5 kilometres from the beach, the Germans started firing artillery shells at them but the boats were too far away. The Germans continued firing and Boat 5 was hit one kilometer from the beach. Six men drowned before help arrived. Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats. As a result, they missed the fighting on the beach. Six men drowned before help arrived. Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats. As a result, they missed the fighting on the beach. They were lucky. If they had reached the beach, they would probably have been killed. When Boat 3 was a few metres form the beach, the soldiers jumped out, but the water was so deep that some of them disappeared under the water. Many of the men were either killed or wounded by machine gun fire. The soldiers on Boat 1 and Boat 4 jumped into the water, but it was too deep and most of them drowned. Half an hour after the first attack, two thirds of the company (a company is a group of about 100 soldiers) were dead. The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked. After an hour and forty-five minutes, six of the survivors tried to climb up the cliff to get off the beach. Four were too exhausted to reach the top. The other two, Private Jake Shefer and Private Thomas Lovejoy, joined a group from another company and fought with them. Two men. Two rifl es. This was Able Company’s contribution to D-Day. The D-Day Landings – Passage 3 On 6 June 2004, survivors of the D-Day landings from many different countries returned to France to remember their lost comrades. Many of them went to the cemetery and memorial which overlooks Omaha Beach.

外研版高中英语选修6重点短语(精校版)

高中英语选修六重点（老师打字很辛苦，努力背哦！） Module1 1. be serious about 认真对待 be nervous about 对…紧张焦虑 be cautious about 对…小心 2. lack(v) sth =be laching in a lack(n) of sth 3. in advance 提前 4. think of 想起think highly of sb 高度评价 5. look away from 把目光从…移开 look forward to doing 6. A is good, in addition, B is good. = In addition to A, B is good. 7. apply for 申请apply…to …把…应用于… 8. do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙 in favour of 支持/赞同 9. a reply to…对…的回复reply to sb.=answer sb.回复 11. be absent from 缺席 12. as a consequence 因此/结果 13. apologize to sb for sth/doing 因…道歉 = make an apology to sb for sth/doing 14. be aware of…知道… 15.take the lead 带头/领先 lead to 导致lead-led-led 16.show off 炫耀17. go through 经历/经受（困难等） 18. they have sth in common 他们有一些共同点 19.leave out 删去/省去20. cheer sb up 使某人振作语法：1.didn’t need to do 不需要做 needn’t have done 本来不需要做却做了 2. 情态动词+ have done 有两种意义：表过去推测must/ might/ can’t have done 一定/可能/不可能已经做了表后悔shouldn’t have done 本不该做 Module 2 1. play an important part in 在…中起重要作用 2. hesitate to do sth 犹豫做… hesitate about/ over sth 对于做…犹豫 without hesitation 毫不迟疑 3. in the direction of 朝…方向 under the direction of sb在某人的指导下 4.put down 放下，写下;镇压put up 张贴 put aside保留；put away收好put off推迟，推延5. I doubt if/ whether 怀疑是否… there is no doubt that…毫无疑问6. hold out伸出，维持，坚持hold back阻挡 hold on （电话）等一会，别挂断hold up 举起7 long for sth 渴望得到某物 9. turn away 走开turn to sb 向某人求助 11. keep/ have one’s eye on 注视，盯着看 keep an eye on 留意 12. fix on注视，凝视13. cast about 搜索/寻找 14. be laden with 充溢着（某种味道） 15. look around for 四处寻找 16. marry sb 娶/嫁某人 get married to sb 和某人结婚（表动作） be married to sb 和某人已婚（表状态） 17. appeal to sb 吸引某人 appeal to sb to do sth /for sth. 呼吁/请求某人做某事 18.be associated with 与…有联系 19. be restricted to…限于 20. in possession of sth 拥有… in the possession of sb 为某人所有 21. ahead of…在…前面ahead of time 提前 22. ought to do 应该做 24. catch a glimpse of 瞥见 25. by hand用手，用手工 26. set out出发set up 建立set off for 出发去… 27. sth be invisible to sb 某物某人来说是看不见的 28. 强调句：It is +被强调部分+ that/who… 29. be responsible for 对…负责语法：v-ing 作状语(时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结果) 介词+ v-ing 作状语例：Turning to right, you will see the hospital.（条件）Module 3 1. get close to 靠近chat with sb 与…聊天 2. burst out doing=burst into sth. 突然发生，突然…起来eg. burst out crying= burst into tears 突然哭起来burst out laughing= burst into laughter 突然笑起来burst out singing= burst into song 突然唱起来 3. knock over 撞死/撞伤knock at/ down/ into 4. lose interest in 对……失去兴趣 have an interest in对……有兴趣 6. turn round = turn around 转身 turn to sb求助于turn out结果是,证明是 7. a large/small amount of + UN+ is…大/小量的…. large/small amounts of + UN+ are…