英语语言学试卷及答案
广东技术师范学院
2010—2011学年度第 1 学期期末考查试卷
科 目：语言学概论
A 卷
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 90分钟 系别、班级：外国语学院英师/译/商08级 班 姓名： __ 学号： __
I. Some of the following statements are true, and the others false. Write T or F on your ANSWER SHEET. (每小题1.5分, 总计15分) 1. Phoneme is the smallest meaning-bearing unit.
2. In word classification, invariable words are those whose membership is fixed or limited.
3. Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human
communication. 4. Syntax is a branch of linguistics, which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by
which words are formed.. 5. For complementary antonyms, the denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other. 6. Broadening is a process to extend or elevate the meaning from its originally specific sense to a
relatively general one. 7. Cardinal vowels provide a reference frame for vowel description.
8. A grammatically well-formed sentence can always have semantic meaning.
9. NASALIZATION is an instances of ASSIMILATION, a process by which one sound takes on
some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. 10. Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to
meaning.
II. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (每小题2分, 总计20分)
11._________ means that linguistic messages may refer to things remote in time and space, or both, from
the site of the communication.
a. Duality
b. Displacement
c. Creativity
d. Arbitrariness
12._____ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.
a. Acoustic phonetics
b. Articulatory phonetics
c. Segmental phonology
d. Suprasegmental phonology
13.____ refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.
a. Affixation
b. Inflection
c. Derivation
d. Compounding
14.Clause can also be classified into FINITE and NON-FINITE clauses, the latter including the
traditional infinitive phrase, participial phrase, and gerundial phrase. Which of the underlined part is a non-finite clause?
a.That John will be defeated is impossible.
b.For John to be defeated is impossible.
c.John’s defeat is impossible.
d.That John will get defeated is impossibl
e.
15.Which one is the correct description of the consonant / b /?
a. voiced bilabial plosive
b. voiced labiodental frictive
c. voiced alveolar plosive
d. voiced alveolar frictive
16.Choose the word that contains a rounded vowel.
a. map
b. herd
c. sleep
d. fruit
17.In Ogden & Richards’s Semantic triangle, they argue that the relation between a word and a thing it
refers to is not direct. It’s mediated by _______.
a. reference
b. concept
c. meaning
d. mind
18.Choose the pair of words which are gradables.
a. old/young
b. male/female
c. top/bottom
d. grandparent/grandchild
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cb3449865.html,nguages using tones are called TONE LANGUAGES, of which _________ is one.
a. English
b. Chinese
c. Japanese
d. German
20.____________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics.
a. Chomsky
b. Bloomfield
c. Saussure
d. John Lyons
III. Define the following terms. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. (每小题5分，Array总计25分)
21.stem
22.open syllable
23.constituent
24.linguistics
25.synonymy
IV. Analysis. Write the answer on your ANSWER SHEET. (40分)
26.Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds,
with sounds described as either voiceless (unvoiced) or voiced. Describe the properties of
voicing.( 5分)
27.Explain the differences in producing a consonant and a vowel. ( 5分)
28.In grammar, the case of a noun or pronoun is a change in form that indicates its
grammatical function in a phrase, clause, or sentence. Does English have cases? If yes,
just list them with examples to show that. ( 5分)
29.Translate the following logical forms into English, where a=Ann, b=Bill, c=Carol, L=love,
and x and y are variables which may be translated as “someone”, “anyone” or “everyone”
depending on the quantifier: ( 5分)
a) L(a, b) & ～L(a, c)
b) ～ x (L (c, x ))
30.Consider the following English words containing the phoneme /ɡ/. ( 10分)
[l?ɡw un] [br?ɡ] [iɡ?r] [ɡɑn]
[ɡw o?t] [ɡ?f] [frɑɡ] [ɡa?n]
[ɡlo?] [ɡis] [??ɡ?r] [ɡw????r]
[ɡw us] [ɡe?t] [ɡ???r] [ɡre?d]
(a) List the allophones of /g/.
(b) State in words the environment in which each allophone is found.
(c) Write a phonological rule for /g/, listing one allophone as "elsewhere".
31.The following sentence is ambiguous. The phrase “in the car”could be being used (a) to indicate
where the biting took place or (b) to specify that it was the man in the car that was bitten. How would the tree diagram for each differ?: ( 10分)
The dog bit the man in the car.
广东技术师范学院
2010—2011学年度第1学期期末考查试卷
科 目：语言学概论 A 卷（答题卷）
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 90分钟
系别、班级： 姓名： 学号：
I. 每小题1.5分, 总计15分
II. 每小题2分, 总计20分
III. 每小题5分, 总计25分 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
IV. 每小题5-10分, 总计40分
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.The dog bit the man in the car (10分)
2010—2011学年度第1学期期末考查试卷科目：语言学概论A卷
（参考答案及评分标准）
考试形式：闭卷考试时间: 90分钟
系别、班级：姓名：学号：
I. 每小题1.5分, 总计15分
1----5 FFTFF 6----10 TTFTT
II. 每小题2分, 总计20分
11—15 BBBBA 16----20 DBABC
III. 每小题5分, 总计25分
21.Stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix
can be added.
22. A syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable.
23. A constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a
hierarchical structure.
24.Linguistics is the branch of learning which studies the languages of any and all human
societies.
25.Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning
IV. 每小题5-10分, 总计40分
26. A voiced sound is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless
sound, where the vocal cords are relaxed.(5分)
27.Consonants are created by stopped or obstructed air flow through the mouth. V owels
are created through unobstructed air flow through the mouth.(5分)
28.Cases are idetifiable in Enlish but only pronouns have corresponding forms. They are:
nominative case/subjective case, e.g. I, we, or he
accusative case/objective case, e.g. me, us, or him
genitive case/possessive case, e.g. my, our, his, or John’s (5分)
29.a) Bill loves Ann, but Carol doesn’t love Ann. (2分)
b) Not everyone loves Carol. (3分)
30.(a) [g], [ɡw] (2分)
(b) [ɡw] only occurs in front of [u], [o], [?]; [g] occurs elswhere. (3分)
(c) /g/ [ɡw] / __ [u, o, ?] (5分)
[g] elswhere.
31.The dog bit the man in the car (10分)
S
NP VP
Det N V NP
Det N’
N PP
P NP
Det N
The dog bit the man in the car
S
NP VP
Det N VP PP
V NP P NP
Det N Det N The dog bit the man in the car
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《英语语言学概论》精选试题1 1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolic C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary 2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language A. Symbolic B. Duality C. Productive D. Arbitrary 3. What is the most important function of language A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative D. Metalingual 4. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous 5. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue 6. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it" is . A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 7. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies . A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech B. the perception of sounds C. the combination of sounds D. the production of sounds 8. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in . A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstream C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips 9. Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 10. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 11. Minimal pairs are used to . A. find the distinctive features of a language B.find the phonemes of a language C. compare two words D. find the allophones of language 12. Usually, suprasegmental features include ___ ,length and pitch. A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables D. stress 13. Which is an indispensable part of a syllable A. Coda B. Onset C. Stem D. Peak 三、判断
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