考研英语(一)模拟试卷200.doc

考研英语（一）模拟试卷200

(总分：144.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)

1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Many young people go to university without clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. If a student goes to a university to 【B1】_______ a broader perspective, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think 【B2】_______ himself, he will undoubtedly【B3】______. Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its timetables and【B4】______, to allow a student much time for independent assessment of his work. Students should have longer time to decide the subjects they want to 【B5】_______ for their degrees, so 【B6】_______ in later life they do not look back and say "I should like to have been an architect. If I had not taken a 【B7】_______ in Modern Languages, I should not have ended up 【B8】_______ the job as an interpreter, 【B9】_______ it's so late." Another question is how to make the best【B10】______of one's time at university. This is the case of the student who excels【B11】______a particular branch of learning. He is immediately 【B12】______to the university of his choice, and spends his four years becoming specialized in this field, finally emerging with a first-class Honor Degree, but very【B13】______knowledge of what the【B14】______of the world is all about. It【B15】______becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be【B16】______detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a【B17】______of specialists【B18】______of anything【B19】______their own subject, or on the other hand ever-increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no【B20】______in the working world.（分数：40.00）

(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）

A.acquire

B.require

C.gain

D.demand

(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）

A.of

B.on

C.in

D.for

(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）

A.profit

B.benefit

C.undermine

D.impair

(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）

A.limitations

B.disciplines

C.requirements

D.punishments

(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）

A.choose

B.prove

D.grant

(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）

A.which

B.whereas

C.that

D.what

(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）

A.degree

B.class

C.part

D.interest

(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.toward

(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）

A.so

B.thus

C.but

D.and

(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）

A.fun

B.much

C.nothing

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cc10748863.html,e

(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）

A.in

B.with

C.on

D.off

(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）

A.tested

B.admitted

C.enrolled

D.noticed

(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）

A.much

B.little

C.many

D.few

(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）

A.rest

B.outside

C.part

D.section

(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）

A.therefore

C.while

D.like

(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）

A.many

B.less

C.little

D.more

(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）

A.couple

B.chain

C.series

D.band

(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）

A.fond

B.ignorant

C.true

D.afraid

(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）

A.above

B.below

C.beyond

D.over

(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）

A.demand

B.request

C.requirement

D.claim

二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)

2.Section II Reading Comprehension

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Today we 're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are introverts. If you're not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one. If these statistics surprise you, that' s probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Some fool even themselves, until some life event jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal. The archetypal extrovert works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual—the kind who's comfortable "putting himself out there". Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so. Introversion—along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology . Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are discounted

because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform. The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talk active people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. We rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized—one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture. But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.（分数：10.00）

(1).We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_____.（分数：2.00）

A.most people in America are introvert

B.American people prefer introvert to extrovert

C.your family members or friends may pretend to be extrovert

D.in American society, only the extrovert could succeed

(2).Many introverts hide their real character because of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：

2.00）

A.we are living in an Extrovert Ideal society

B.both teamwork and social activities are suited to the extrovert

C.people only accept one kind of individual—the extrovert

D.gifted loners could be tolerated because of their wealth

(3).The word "pathology" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_____.（分数：2.00）

A.termagancy

B.optimism

C.depression

D.abnormality

(4).Laurie Helgoe is mentioned in Paragraph 5 to show_____.（分数：2.00）

A.according to a research, the word "introvert" has been insulted

B.Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many researches

C.psychologist believe that talk active people are smarter and more interesting

D.people believe that fast talkers are more desirable as friends

(5).Which of the following would be the author's attitude toward introvert?（分数：2.00）

A.skeptical

B.positive

C.negative

D.disgusted

Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits. In recent years, scientists have begun to show that being bilingual makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. Researchers, educators and policy makers in 20 century considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child's academic and intellectual development. There is ample evidence that in a bilingual' s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference isn't so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain' s so-called executive function. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to

another and holding information in mind—like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. "Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often," says Albert Costa, a searcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. "It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving." In a study comparing Ger man-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Cost and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the advantage of speaking two languages?（分数：2.00）

A.Improving other field' s cognitive skills.

B.Benefiting to the brain and making people smarter.

C.Protecting against Alzheimer' s disease.

D.Enhancing the reactivity and memory.

(2).The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means______.（分数：2.00）

A.this interference may help develop our brain

B.our brain will face more challenges from bilingual learning

C.bilingual experience could improve speaker's comprehension

D.speaking two languages obstructs people' s memory of driving

(3).The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals is that_____.（分数：2.00）

A.the basic ability restrains two languages

B.they pay attention to the changes of their own conditions

C.bilinguals are more efficient and cautious

D.bilinguals are more sensitive to surroundings

(4).According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）

A.People believe that monolingual learning positively affects the brain.

B.Monolinguals need to neglect brains' internal conflict and stay focused.

C.Bilinguals could do better in observing the changes of environment.

D.Bilingual experience affects children more than old people.

(5).What is the most suitable subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）

A.Bilingual learning could benefit from their ability.

B.Bilingual could work effectively without disturbance.

C.Two active language systems make people smarter.

D.It is never too late to learn a second language.

The Term "CYBERSPACE" was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. In the book Mr. Gibson describes cyberspace as "a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators" and "a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system." The myriad connections forged by these computing devices have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity's collective store of knowledge every day. But data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost. The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial

incursions. America's president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats "pose one of the gravest national-security dangers" the country is facing. Securing cyberspace is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CEIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion—a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria. There is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. Cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.（分数：10.00）

(1).William Gibson is mentioned to______.（分数：2.00）

A.tell readers the origin of website

B.demonstrate the earliest use of the Internet

C.introduce the tremendous benefits to everyone

D.show the prescient in his literally creation

(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cc10748863.html,work threat is the most serious social threat today.

B.The advantages of Internet outweigh the disadvantages.

C.Data leakage becomes increasingly popular on the Internet.

D.Internet fraud has become one of the security dangers.

(3).The word "sabotage" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_____.（分数：2.00）

A.destruction

B.menace

C.persecute

D.plagiary

(4).In the last two paragraphs, the author worries that_____.（分数：2.00）

A.billions of new devices will be connected to the web

B.crooks and spooks steal financial data and trade secrets

C.some new massive changes of cyber-threats will happen

D.hackers may take advantage of the Internet of things

(5).The author' s attitude toward hackers is _____.（分数：2.00）

A.skeptical

B.ambiguous

C.negative

D.sympathetic

The bastion of excellence in American education is being destroyed by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship. Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and

quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. We create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management? You won't hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things. First, create genuine entrance requirements. States should raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today' s system of general tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don' t need it or to unqualified students who don' t deserve it. Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads. This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. "You can't do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching)," says Fairweather. "People are working hard—it's just where they're working." Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism or communications, business and education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can—and should—be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees. Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students. Higher education could become a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.（分数：10.00）

(1).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT the author's suggestion to universities?（分数：2.00）

A.Decreasing the cost and improving their quality.

B.Downsizing their own scale.

C.Keeping away from commerce.

D.Changing the standards of scholarship.

(2).The author believe that mediocrity is pervasive, because_____.（分数：2.00）

A.there are too many excellent private universities in America

B.most graduate degrees are dubious and useless

C.MBA has no use in improving management

D.the requirements for admission is too easy to meet

(3).The author' s attitude towards college deans and university presidents is one of_____.（分数：2.00）

A.sympathy

B.dissatisfaction

C.objectiveness

D.tolerance

(4).Fairweather is mentioned to .（分数：2.00）

A.stress the importance of teaching

B.lessen the teaching work of teachers

C.show his attitude toward education reform

D.explain the important role of universities

(5).Which of the following would be the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）

A.States should help universities improve the environment of education.

B.Mediocrities are abounding in today' s American universities.

C.Private schools should change their standards of enrollment.

D.It is necessary to reform the graduate programs in America.

4.Part B

__________________________________________________________________________________________ [A]So what does this teach us? We learn that in the United States, wealthy children attending public schools that serve the wealthy are competitive with any nation in the world. Since that is the case, why would anyone think our public schools are failing? [B]Similarly, as the families served by a school increase in wealth from the lowest quartile in family wealth to the highest quartile in family wealth, the mean scores of all the students at those schools goes up quite substantially. Thus, characteristics of the cohort attending a school strongly influence the scores obtained by the students at that school. [C]David C. Berliner is an educational psychologist who is one of the clearest thinkers in the education world about teaching, teacher education, educational policy and the effects of corporate school reform on schools. Berliner has issued a new post about what is really happening in America's public schools today as opposed to what some school reformers and news organizations say is happening. [D]We find the common correlates of poverty: low birth weight in the neighborhood, higher-than-average rates of teen and single parenthood, residential mobility, absenteeism, crime, and students in need of special education or English language instruction. These problems of poverty influence education and are magnified by housing policies that foster segregation. [E]For many years he has been writing about the lies told about the poor performance of our students and the failure of our schools and teachers. Journalists and politicians are often our nations' most irritating commentators about the state of American education because they have access to the same facts that I have. [F]For example, on the mathematics portion of the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment or PISA, poor students—those from the lowest quartile in family income—who attended schools that served the poorest families—a school in the highest quartile of those receiving free and reduced lunch —attained a mean score of 425. But wealthy students—those in the highest quartile of family income—who attended schools that served the wealthiest families —schools in the lowest quartile of students receiving free and reduced lunch—scored a mean of 528. That' s a one-hundred point difference! [G]They all can easily learn that the international tests (e. g. PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS), the national tests (e. g. NAEP), the college entrance tests (e. g. SAT, ACT), and each of the individual state tests follow an identical pattern. It is this: As income increases per family from our poorest families (under the 25th percentile in wealth), to working class (26th-50th percentile in family wealth), to middle class (51st - 75th percentile in family wealth), to wealthy

数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

填空项1:__________________

5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 【F1】 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without

good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. 【F2】 Most often the reason for this backward speaking is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. 【F3】 Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is bora with the capacity to speak. What is special about man' s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear." 【F4】And even more incredible is the young brain' s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. 【F5】 But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.（分数：10.00）

(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).【F2】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).【F3】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).【F4】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).【F5】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)

6.Section III Writing

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Write an email to Mr. Brown in your high school, inviting him to attend the reunion in October. You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You

2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1(一)

——参考范本—— 【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1（一） ______年______月______日 ____________________部门

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考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(7)

考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born. __5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone′s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation′s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we′ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age. 第1题 A.alike B.alongside C.aside D.besides 第2题 A.conflicting B.worrying C.revealing D.appealing 第3题 A.accordingly B.indeed C.hence D.nevertheless 第4题 A.resides with B.rests with C.depends on D.reckons on 第5题

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 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