2019-2020年考研英语二真题及答案

2019考研英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)

Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 .

As for me, weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to

my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.

I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.

For these 9 I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me

to ll my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.

I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as

well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I

no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals. 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.

Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you kook, feel, how

you clothes fit and your overall energy level.

1. A. Therefore

B. Otherwise

C. However

D. Besides

2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps

3. A solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially

4. A lowering B. explaining

C.accepting

D. recording

5. A. set B. review C.reach D.modify

6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D.definition

7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to

8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly

9. A.judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims

10. A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead

11. A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report

12. A. approve of B. hold onto C.account for D. depend on

13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D prepare

14. A. features B. rules C.tests D results

15. A anxious B. hungry C.sick D. bored

16. A. secret B belief C. sign D. principle

17. A. necessity B. decision C.wish D. request

18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing

19. A. because B. unless C.until D. if

20. A. dominating

B. puzzling

C.triumphing

D. obsessing

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by

choosing A, B，C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)

Text 1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time thatsuch statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why

researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good

thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.

Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt

and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute

for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones

shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation

" That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____

A) foster a child's moral development

B) regulate a child's basic emotions

C) improve a child’s intellectual ability

D) intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____

A) inexcusable

B) deception

C) addictive

D) burdensome

23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that

A)emotions air context-independent

B)an emotion can play opposing roles

C)emotion are socially constructive

D) emotional stability can benefit health

24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing

·

A. may help correct emotional deficiencies

B. can result from either sympathy or guilt

C. can bring about emotional satisfaction

D. may be the outcome of impulsive aets

25. The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to___

A. Teachings

B, discussions

C. Restrictions

D. D. wrongdoings

Text 2

Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against

climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of thecarbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap . but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks" long into the future may

require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now, California is leading the way,as

it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.

The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so

they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less

easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.

California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,00 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions, That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in

all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that

would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.

State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.

Califormia's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should

serve as a model.

26. By saying "one of the harder challenges ,"the author implies that_

A. global climate change may get out of control

B. people may misunderstand global warming

C. extreme weather conditions may arise

D. forests may become a potential threat

27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks," we may need to_A. preserve the diversity of species in them

B. accelerate the growth of young trees

C. strike a balance among different plants

D. lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity

28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to

A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees

B. reduce the density of some of its forests

C. find more effective ways to kill insects

D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires

29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?

A. To handle the areas in serious danger first

B. To carry it out before the year of 2020

C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.

D. To obtain enough financial support

30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as___.

A. Ambiguous

B. Tolerant

C. Supportive

D. cautious

Text 3

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several

years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm works.

Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change

jobs within the industry.If this doesn’t change.American https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ce10445745.html,munities, and

consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such

workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single, They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were

over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all

along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.

Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet, at least. Production of

com,cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy

farms,where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they ' re

automated.

As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.

The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.

In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of

imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.

In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.

31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?

A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.

B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.

C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.

D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.

32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_

A. the rising number of illegal immigrants

B. the high mobility of crop workers

C. the lack of experienced laborers

D. the aging of immigrant farm workers

33, What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S farming?

A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.

B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.

C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.

D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.

34, Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its

A. slow granting procedures

B. limit on duration of stay

C. tightened requirements

D. control of annual admissions

35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?

A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?

B. Import Food or Labor?

C. America Saved by Mexico?

D. Manpower vs. Automation?

Text 4

Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:

It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video

for World Environment Day encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your

single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis. The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the

overarching message is directed at individuals.

My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or

quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us.

They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever

progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge. While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as"citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority - or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether. India

has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just

that individual actions are too slow,she says, for that to be the only, or even primary,

approach to changing widespread behavior.

None of this is about writing off the individual, It's just about putting things into

perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

36. Some celebrities star in a new video to

A. demand new laws on the use of plastics

B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis

D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

37. The author is concerned that moral licensing" may

A. mislead us into doing worthless things

B. prevent us from making further efforts

C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

D. suppress our desire for success

38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,",the author indicates that

A; our focus should be shifted to community welfare

B: our relationship with local industries is improving

C: We have been actively exercising our civil rights

D: We should press our government to lead the combat

39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be

A: a win-win arrangement

B: a self-driven mechanism

C: a cost-effective approach

D: a top down process

40. The author concludes that individual efforts

A: can be too aggressive

B: can be too inconsistentC: are far from sufficient

D: are far from rational

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

In choosing a new home, Camille MeClain's kids have a single demand: a backyard.

MeClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters' views weigh heavily on parents' real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults. While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids' opinions may have.

The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.

"Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said. Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said

he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,

if possible,

Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New

York.

Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.

Many of the aspects of home buying aren't a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase."Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but

I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions." Hampson said. The other issue is that many children - especially older ones--may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif

“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter , it's a

lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."

Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.

Parents need to remind their children that their needs. and desires may change over time, said Julie Gumer, a real estate analyst with https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ce10445745.html,. "Their opinions can change tomorrow," Gurner said. "Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs

best--and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own." This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.

A. remarks that significant moves may

pose challenges to children.

41, Ryan Hooper

B. says that it is wise to leave kids in the

dark about real estate decisions.

42. Adam Bailey

C. advises that home purchases should

not be based only on children's opinions.

43, Tracey Hampson

D. thinks that children should be given a

sense of involvement in homebuying

decisions.

44. Aaron Norris

E. notes that aspects like children's

friends and social activities should be

considered upon home buying.

45, Julie Gumner

F. believes that home buying decisions

should be based on children's needs ratherthan their opinions.

G. assumes that many children's views on

real estate are influenced by the media.

Section II Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot, He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have

I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so

easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his

early days of, as he put it, " having a go at the writing game " . While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world

was the result of years of practising. Re-writing and reading. Like the majority of

authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception. Section IV Writing

Part A

Directions: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him.

1) Suggest a topic and with your reasons,

2) And your arrangement,

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Don't use your own name, use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write your address.(10 points)

Part B

Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)英语二参考答案

Section I Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)

参考答案：

1. C However

2. D helps

3. A solely

4. A. Lowering

5. C. reach

6. A. Depiction

7. D. due to

8. C. Immediate

9. B. Reasons

10. D. instead

11. A. track

12. C.account for

13. B. Adjust

14. D. results

15. B. Hungry

16. C. Sign

17. B. Decision

18. D. Disappointing

19. A. Because

20. D. Obsessing Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,

B，C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)

Text 1

参考答案：

21. A foster a child's moral development

22. D burdensome

23. B an emotion can play opposing roles

24. B. can result from either sympathy or guilt

25. D. wrongdoings

Text 2

参考答案：

26. D. forests may become a potential threat

27. D.lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity

28. B. reduce the density of some of its forest

29. A. To handle the areas in serious danger first

30. C. Supportive

Text 3

参考答案：

31. C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers

32. D. the aging of immigrant farm workers

33. B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming

34. A. slow granting procedures

35. B. Import Food or Labor?

Text 4

参考答案：

36. B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

37. B. prevent us from making further efforts

38. D: We should press our government to lead the combat

39. D: a top-down process

40. C: are far from sufficient

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

参考答案：

41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. F

Section II Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

[参考译文]

我们很容易低估英国作家古米·哈利。他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风

格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。很多次我听到人们说:“我能写一

本书，我只是没时间。”说起来容易，做起来难。然面与大家通常所想的不同，

正如吉米:哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏"并非易事。显然，即便他极

具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且

经过润色之后才得以形成的。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。他生命中所取

得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

Section IV Writing

Part A

Directions: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him.

3) Suggest a topic and with your reasons,

4) And your arrangement,

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Don't use your own name, use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write your address.(10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear Prof. Smith,

It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put

forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned.

To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By Bike” on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time

cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in

daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium

on our campus Dec.28th,2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be

awarded to the winner of the debate .

It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan.

Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei

【参考范文译文】

尊敬的史密斯教授，非常荣幸能够组织这次有关城市交通的辩论。我写信来主要是提议这次辩论

的主题并介绍有关此次辩论的初步安排。

首先，这次辩论可以围绕“开车还是骑车”展开，因为在城市交通日益拥堵

的背景下, 很多人更喜欢便捷的交通方式以节约时间成本。因此，这次辩论的参

与者可以根据日常生活中的实际经验积极参与到辩论中来。关于这次辩论的安

排：举办时间为 2018 年 10 月 28 日，地点在我校礼堂;获奖者会得到一块手表。

如

果您给早日回复我或者给我提一些建议和意见，我会非常感激。

您真诚的，

张伟

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

【参考范文】

This bar chart above looks into the choices that concern graduates most when they settle down after schooling. With the staggering economy, most graduates choose to find a job after they leave school, even though there is a decline of about 8percentage in 2018, comparing that in 2013. The least part of them choose to establish

their own business after graduation, with 1.3 percentage in 2013 and 2.6 percentage in

2018. As to the students who ask for further study, it accounts for 26.3 percentage in

2013 and 34 percentage in 2018. Besides, we can see from the chart that more students choose to continue to study instead of working after education，comparing those in 2013.

This reflects a change of attitudes of graduates towards life after schooling. I can

find no better reasons for this phenomenon other than the following two. On the one hand, most graduates want to find a break after four-year study at school. This indicates that youth today are eager to face challenges and want to put what they have

learned into practice. On the other hand, students are facing an ever intense competition owing to the expansion of enrollment. Most students have to do their further study. Hardly can such students find favorable jobs.

It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. For one thing, it is essential that proper polices be worked out to promote students’ to run their

own business. For another, students should be educated to get well-prepared for their future work. Only with this measure can our society improve for a sound development.

【参考范文译文】

以上的柱形图分析了高校毕业生在毕业后的选择。随着经济的迅速发展，大

多数的毕业生选择就业，尽管比较 2013 年的数据，2018 年有 8 个百分点的下降。

最少比例的大学生选择创业，其中百分之 34 比例的学生选择继续学习深造，另

外，数据显示 2018 年选择继续深造的学生有上升的趋势。

上图的分析显示了大学生的生活态度和抉择。有两个因素可以解释这个现

象。第一，大多数的毕业生想在毕业后不在学习而是进入工作状态。他们愿意接

受更具有挑战的生活状态，把学习的知识实际用于生活。第二点，学生现在面临

着更严峻的竞争环境。大多数学生无法找到心仪的工作，而不得不选择继续深造。

我们应该采取有效地措施来缓解这样的现象。首先，国家应该出具相应的政

策来帮助学生自己创业。其次，学生们应该在学校期间做好充分的准备，才可以

迎接毕业后的就业选择。只有这样，我们的社会才可以健康发展。

2020考研英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.

__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids.

I understand this.

You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.

__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.

If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.

This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.

Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.

1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky

2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident

3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually

4. A amuse B assist C describe D train

5. A while B because C unless D once

6. A answer B task C choice D access

7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical

8. A move B drag C push D send

9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable

10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague

11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up

12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise

13. A like B miss C believe D regret

14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect

15. A time B bond C race D cool

16. A nature B secret C importance D context

17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted

18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong

19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising

20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape

今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。

1.【答案】D tricky

【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since 后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。

2.【答案】B for example

【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。

3.【答案】A Fortunately

【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，

这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。

4.【答案】C describe

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。

5.【答案】A while

【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。

6.【答案】B task

【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选B符合句意

7.【答案】A tolerant

【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩子就很难沉着冷静（composed）和包容。tolerant意为包容的，故选A符合句意。

8.【答案】C push

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。push为催促/紧逼，此处move（移动，使感动），drag（拖拽），send （发送）均不符合句意，故选C。

9.【答案】D inevitable

【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。空格后一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的必然结果，inevitable 为无法避免的/必然的，故选D符合句意。

10.【答案】C harsh

【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫，而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，something 后面的形容词一定是贬义的，harsh为刺耳的/严格的，故选C。

11.【答案】A turn back

【解析】此处考察动词搭配+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，一切重新再来。turn back为（使）往回走，take apart 为拆开/拆解，set aside为把....放一旁/不理会，cover up为盖起来，均不符合句意，故选A。

12.【答案】C however

【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们还是要牢记，哪怕只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述了一般情况下父母是如何对孩子失去耐心，并且这很普遍（We've all been there/it's common)，空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选C。

13.【答案】D regret

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心，然后又希望时间倒流一切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔（regret）的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下文，故选D。

14.【答案】B affect

【解析】考察动宾搭配。结合原文语境，“这也许不仅会伤害你和孩子之间的关系，而且会...你的孩子的自尊”所以这里填上一个动词接后面的宾语自尊心，所以答案只能是affect,“影

响自尊心”。而raise提高，养育；justify证明合理性；reflect影响，均不能合理搭配。

15.【答案】D cool

【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，cool有“冷静之意。“如果你总是对你的孩子失去...,”本文一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心，因此符合题意的只能是cool, 而time时间，bond结合，纽带，race比赛，种族都不符合这里的语境。

16.【答案】C importance

【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，A of B的结构中填名词A，主要参照后面of结构对它的修饰作用。Of结构在这里表示“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的...”联系前面说”我们越来越重视...”因此符合题意的应该是importance“重要性”nature，自然、天性；secret秘密，context环境。

17.【答案】D confronted

【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在....压力时情绪调节或维持情绪控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项”，压力前面应该搭配“面对”故选择confronted 其他的cheated欺骗，defeated打败，confused困惑均不符合。

18.【答案】B hard

【解析】此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前面的incredible加起来表示“不可避免的...一直对孩子保持耐心”可以先看选项terrible糟糕的，strange奇怪的，wrong错误的，这三个都不能放在此处形成合理搭配，所以hard更合适。

19.【答案】A trying

【解析】本题考察修饰关系。根据原文语境“一个更实际的目标是去尝试，尽你最大的能力，当你面对涉及孩子的...情况时，尽可能地宽容和冷静”需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太好的情况，答案trying做形容词表示“令人厌烦的”最合适。changing变化，exciting 激动人心的surprising令人惊讶的，均不能体现这里的含义。

20.【答案】B emerge

【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“朝着这个目标努力的结果是，你和你的孩子将受益并从很有压力的这些时候...，在身体和情感上感觉更好”。只有“浮现，出现”最符合，所以选择emerge，而hide隐藏，withdraw撤退，escape逃避均为负面含义，故不符合。Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side

Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.

Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.

21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________

[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats

[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one

[C] attain sociable traits through special training

[D] send out warning messages to their fellow

22. What did the social robot do during the experiment?

[A] It followed the social robot.

[B]It played with some toys.

[C] It set the trapped rats free.

[D]It moved around alone.

23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________

[A] tried to practice a means of escape

[B] expected it to do the same in return

[C] wanted to display their intelligence

[D]considered that an interesting game

24. James Wiles notes that rats________

[A]can remember other rat's facial features

[B] differentiate smells better than sizes

[C] respond more to cations than to looks

[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels

25. It can be learned from the text that rats________

[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings

[B] are more socially active than other animals

C] behave differently from children in socializing

[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected

21. 【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats

解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Quinn and her colleagues和a test 定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn 和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案A是原文的同义替换。选项B的distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one区分友好的老鼠和敌对的老鼠，并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项C的attain sociable traits through special training通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。选项D的send out warning messages to their fellow向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。

22.【答案】D It moved around alone.

解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the asocial robot和experiment 定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。正确答案D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项A的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，与原文the social robot rat followed the living rats around不符，原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠，属于张冠李戴。选项B的It played with some toys.它玩一些玩具，与原文不符，原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项C的It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符，原文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠，而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老鼠在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。

23.【答案】B expected it to do the same in return

解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Quinn和the rats released the social robots往下定位到第四五段，第五段最后一句This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. Quinn说：这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器人，并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它们的恩惠。正确答案B expected it to do the same in return是原文的同义替换。干扰项A的 tried to practice a means of escape 试图尝试一种逃跑的方法，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。选项C的 wanted to display their intelligence想要展示它们的智慧，文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项D的considered that an interesting game觉得是个有趣的游戏在原文当中也没有体现，属于无中生有。

24.【答案】C respond more to actions than to looks

解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词James Wiles定位到第六七段，尾段尾句We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles. Wiles说：“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，会发现正确答案C respond more to actions than to looks对行动的反应多于对外表的反应，是原文的类似表达。干扰项A的can remember other rat's facial features能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征，与原文内容不符，原文第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，属于偷换概念。选项B的differentiate smells better than sizes与体型大小相比，能够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味，与原文不符，属于偷换概念。选项D的can be scared by a plastic box on wheels会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏，文中机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料盒子，还是属于偷换概念。

25.【答案】D are more sensitive to social cues than expected