新课标高考英语语法专题复习知识点讲解

语法专题（附参考答案）

专题一冠词

I、重点难点解析

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义

历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，

1. 冠词的位置

2.不定冠词

3. 定冠词

4. 零冠词

5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。

1. in front of 在……（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在……（内）的前面

There’s a garden in front of the classroom.

There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下

An experienced worker is in charge of the project.

The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.

3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table.

They sat at the table, talking and laughing.

4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日计

He works in an office by day.

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.

5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替

When did this conversation take place?

Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.

6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之

Please express your thought in words.

In a word, I don’t trust you.

7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times.

Pass me the bricks two at a time.

8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点

Hurry up, there’s little time left.

Don’t hurry, you still have a little time.

9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个

He is a man of few words.

Only a few of the children can read.

10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）

This is a most interesting story.

This is the most interesting story of the three.

11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士

A doctor and nurse is standing there.

A doctor and a nurse are standing there.

12.A number of 许多；好些 ; the number of …（的）数目

A number of students are in the classroom.

The number of students in the classroom is forty.

II、实战演练

（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”.

1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the

film we saw yesterday?

3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.

--- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.

4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was

_______ most important one.

5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS.

6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.

7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..

8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.

9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.

10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellent

footballer.

11 Don’t lose heart. Please have ______ second try.

12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.

13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.

14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.

15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.

16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.

17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students’ character.

18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.

19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.

20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.

21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.

22In case of fire please press _______ red button.

23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.

24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.

25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.

26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.

27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.

28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.

29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.

30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.

31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.

32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.

（二）语法填空

在括号中填入适当的冠词

There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.

The king chose 10 second picture.

答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /;

/ 21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an II 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the

专题二名词

I、重点难点解析

名词的高考命题导向

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能＋s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

二名词其他需要注意的几点：

1．名词的数

1）复合名词变为复数的规则

有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2）集体名词的数

①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。

注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。

②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。

③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：class

family，couple，audience，government，public等。

The whole family are watching TV now．全家人现在都在看电视。

His family is a big one．他家是个大家族。

3）只能用复数形式的名词

由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。

4） the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs

5）具有双重特性的名词

(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词

a room房间一room空间 a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉

an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意

(2)单、复数意思不同的名词

arm手臂一arms武器 brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关

force力量一forces军队 regard注意,关心一regards问候 time时间一times时代

work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪

content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件

expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林

2．名词的所有格

1）表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加’s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Ma’s room李和马共有的房间; Li’s and Ma’s rooms李和马各自的房间

2）表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li’s李家，the doctor’s诊所；the barber’s理发店

3）所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：

China's prosperity中国的繁荣 the country's plan国家计划

4） of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。

如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事

the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子

5）双重所有格

“of +名词的’s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾

语必须是人，而且是特指。如：

an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友

a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧

some houses of my grandfather's我爷爷的一些房子

3．名词作定语

1）一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐 shoe shops鞋店 traffic lights交通灯注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如：

sports meeting运动会 customs officiers海关官员 arms production武器生产

2） man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：

men doctors男医生 women teachers女老师

II、实战演练

一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：

1. There are fifty-six __________________ (people) in China.

2. We need much ______________ (room) for all the furniture.

3. This kind of dress was popular in the ___________________ (1980)

4. ______________ (girl) students and _________________ (woman) teachers are in the majority in our

school.

5. There used to be a lot of milu ______________ (deer) in China.

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

高考英语语法必考知识点

名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。

高考英语语法复习专题

高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

高考英语语法考点

高考语法考点概述 一、情态动词的考点 常用can/could句式:常用must句式：Shall /Should用法 Will—would--- used to;May/Might; Dare—dared; Need ●情态动词+不定式的完成式： 二、形容词、副词的考点 ●有关比较级和more than 用法 ●比较级表最高级---比较级与否定句连用 ●倍数表达法 ●形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。 ●特殊形式的“非常”及其他 ●以- ing/-ed 结尾的形容词:加ing表“令人…的”;加ed表”感到…的” ●Rather与quite；common/usual/ ordinary/ normal/ average ; available/accessible; calm/silent/still/quiet ●多个形容词做定语排序：好美小高状其新；彩色国料特别亲。A large black steel board 三、状语从句考点before ;when ;where ;as ;since/now that; whoever. 四、定语从句考点whose;when;where;why;that;which;as 五、名词性从句考点what; that; whoever；doubt 六、非谓语动词with的复合结构；there being/to be 七、虚拟语气if; should; otherwise;but 八、时态和语态before; by；主动表被动 九、祈使句的反意问句及回答 十、反意问句I think …; must have done 十一、倒装not until;in no case;now/then ;only +状；so/such…that 十二、固定句型--- 一…就；when 表突然这时;before ;since;强调句型 十三、代词it; that;those;one; the other; another 十四、主谓一致：定从中等 十五、省略---状从中省略；to的省略；及承上省略to 后的动词 十六、动词词组及辨析 break; bring;cut;make;pick;keep;hold;catch; put; turn; call; take seat;sit---fit;suit;match----injure;hurt;wound- 十七、一词多义cover, catch ;strike;reach;follow 十八、一词多性eye; head; shoulder;face;chair;picture;sense 十九、介词beyond; under; in ; on ;with; over 二十、交际用语 高考语法考点详述 一.常用can/could句式: 1.This work is more than I can do.这个工作超出我所能做的。 2.He had run away before I could thank him.我还没来得及他，他已经跑了 3.You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好 4.You can’t pay enough attention to your spelling.你越注意你的拼写越好 =You can’t pay too much attention to your spelling. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d012043944.html,e here as quickly as you can.尽可能快点来= Come here as soon as possible. 6. Experiments can be very expensive.实验有时会很贵

【英语】高三英语翻译专题训练答案及解析

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