英国文学简史术语解释总结(英文)整理版
1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration,
metaphors and understatements.
2. Romance （名词解释）a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or supernatural--in verse or prose.
3，Ballad民谣（名词解释）
Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 4，4，Heroic couplet (名词解释)
heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)
5 . Renaissance（名词解释）
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
555humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement
556The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism
6，. Sonnet（名词解释）
The sonnet is a poem in 14 lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.
7，Blank verse（名词解释）: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
8，Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）
Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme royal and ottava rima. Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c. The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter. He used this form in his epic poem The Faerie Queene. John Keats, a great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St. Agnes.
,9 Enlightenment (1650-1800)（名词解释）A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
Individualism--emphasized the importance of the individual and his inborn rights Rationalism-- the conviction that with the power of reason, humans could arrive at truth and improve the world.
Relativism-- was the concept that different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems had equal merit.
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
10，Classicism（名词解释）
In the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity. In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity; Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity.
11 Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.
12 Graveyard School / Poets: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.
13 Romanticism
14 Lake Poets（名词解释）
The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.
15 Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）
The Aesthetic Movement is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain. It represents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence stood for in France and may be considered the British branch of the same movement. It belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism. It took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.
16 Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）
The “stream of consciousness”is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person’s will”.
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专业词汇 1、上海海事大学Shanghai Maritime University 2、海洋科学与工程学院College of Ocean Science and Engineering 3、美国安全工程师协会American society of safety engineers 4、职业安全与健康Occupational safety and health OSH 5、职业健康与安全管理局Occupational Safety and Health Administration 6、安全、健康和环境safety, health and environmental (SH&E) 7、职业安全与健康法案Occupational Safety and Health Act 8、安全工程Safety Engineering 9、安全行业Safety Profession 10、安全专家（安全专业人员）Safety Professional 11、安全实践（安全业务）Safety Practice 12、安全科学Safety Science 13、损失预防Loss Prevention 14、损失控制Loss Control 15、危险Hazard 16、风险Risk 17、危险识别Hazard recognition /Hazard identification 18、危险分析Hazard analysis 19、防灾Hazard prevention 20、减灾Hazard reduction 21、火灾隐患Fire hazard 22、辐射危害Radiation hazard 23、危险评估Hazard assessment/evaluation
英国文学简史笔记
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释) Part Two: The English Renaissance 8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择） 9. Renaissance（名词解释） 10.Thomas More——Utopia 11. Sonnet（名词解释） 12. Blank verse（名词解释） 13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (col lection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名词解释） 14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements) 16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比 较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的喜剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 17. Ben Jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如Every Man in His Humor, 二外好像在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。 Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 18. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost 需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道 此书theme和Satan的形象。对于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及 其来源。另外129页到130页brief summary中5条要看。 19. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 20. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images 21. Andrew Marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名诗To His Coy Mistress 22. John Dryden——“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in Britain Part Four: The Eighteen Century 23. Enlightenment（名词解释） 24. Classicism（名词解释） 25. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 26. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 27. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 29. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; “The Drapier’s Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”, 后一篇比较重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。 30. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖 民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 32. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir