2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a
>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )
3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )
4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence in wages.
( T )
5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )
6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)
7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition. ( F ) 8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )
10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )
11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )
12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )
13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )
14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )
15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )
17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )
18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies (补贴) to redistribute （重新分配） income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )
19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )
20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )
21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy
than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )
22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )
23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )
24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F )
25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )
26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )
27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )
28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )
29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts. ( F )
30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model. ( T )
31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )
32.A rise i n the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )
33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )
34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )
35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a tra nsfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve it s terms of trade. ( T )
36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )
37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade.( F )
38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )
39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )
40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )
41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )
42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )
43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )
44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )
45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical （一致）. ( F )
46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )
47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )
48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )
49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )
50.The s tratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )
51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )
52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )
53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )
54.When a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )
55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )
56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )
57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )
58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)
59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )
60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )
61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government. ( T )
62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )
63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )
64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )
65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )
66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh the efficiency loss.
( F )
67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )
68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid a rgument for export subsidy. ( T )
69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )
70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )
71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )
72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）
73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )
74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO forbids preferentia l trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )
75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )
76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparative advantage.
( T )
77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )
78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )
79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F )
PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.
1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it
A.is always beneficial to both countries.
B.is usually beneficial to both countries.
C.is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country .
D.is typically harmful to the technologically
lagging country.
E.tends to create unemployment in both countries.
2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, then
A. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.
B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.
C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.
D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.
E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.
3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）
A.is basically useless.
B.is empirically intractable.
C.focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.
D.focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.
E.None of the above.
4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences in
A.historical perspective.
B.location.
C.resource availabilities.
D.tastes.
E.incomes.
5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process because
A.economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.
B.economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.
C.maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的
D.the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.
E.None of the above.
6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except＿＿
A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.
B. a wider selection of products for consumers
C. increased competition for world producers.
D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.
E. None of the above.
In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirements
A.one
B.two
C.three
D four
E five
7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it
D.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.
E.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.
F.is producing exports using fewer labor units.
G.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.
H.None of the above.
8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle （消费约束）
A.inside its production possibilities frontier.
B.on its production possibilities frontier.
C.outside its production possibilities frontier （生产可能性边界）.
D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.
E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.
9.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, then
A.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.
B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.
C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.
D.the large country will enjoy gains from trade.
E.None of the above.
10.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, then
A.country H but not country F will gain from trade.
B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.
C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.
D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.
E.None of the above.
11.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occurs under conditions of
A.constant opportunity costs.
B.increasing opportunity costs.
C.decreasing opportunity costs.
D.infinite opportunity costs.
E.None of the above.
12.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely if
A.their supply curves are identical.
B.their cost functions are identical.
C.their demand conditions identical.
D.their incomes are identical.
E.None of the above.
13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan if
A.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.
B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.
C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.
D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.
E.None of the above.
14.International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade A.is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.
B.will tend to hurt one trading country.
C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.
D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.
E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.
15.If the price of the capital intensive product rises, wages will
A.rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）
B.rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product.
C.remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product.
D.fall, since higher prices cause less demand.
E.None of the above.
16.If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,
A.the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.
B.the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.
C.the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.
D.the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）
E.the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.
17.If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, then
A.the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.
B.the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.
C.the relative quantities（相对数量）of manufactures and food remain unchanged.
D.the relative quantities of products change by 25%.
E.None of the above.
18.If the price of manufactures rises, then
A.the price of food also rises.
B.the quantity of food produced falls.
C.the quantity of both manufactures and food falls.
D.the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls.
E.None of the above.
18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparative advantage.
B.abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.
C.provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.
D.provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.
E.None of the above.
19.The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production will
A.clearly help landowners.
B.clearly hurt landowners.
C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.
D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners.
E.None of the above.
20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage in
A.manufactures.
B.food.
C.both manufactures and food.
D.neither manufactures nor food.
E.None of the above.
21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would（劳动者越过国境流入）
A.move the point of production along the production possibility curve.
B.shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.
C.shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the
labor-intensive product.
D.shift the production possibility curve
下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）
E.None of the above.
22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas
A.supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.
B.supported the validity of the
Heckscher-Ohlin model.
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d22872181.html,ed a two-country and two-product framework.
D.demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.
E.proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.
23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers to
A.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.
B.the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.
C.the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.
D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.
E.None of the above.
24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all countries.
A.factor of production endowments
B.scale economies
C.factor of production intensities
D.technology
E.opportunity costs
25.As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade A.countries will not be fully specialized（专业化）in one product.
B.countries will benefit from free international trade.
C.countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d22872181.html,parative advantage is primarily supply related.
E.None of the above.
26.Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land endowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,
A.European landowners should support
US-European free trade.
B.European capitalists should support
US-European free trade.
C.all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.
D.all landowners should support free trade.
E.None of the above.
27.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United State s is richly endowed in
human-capital relative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,
A.the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.
B.Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.
C.The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.
D.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.
E.The wages of highly skilled Mexican
workers will fall to those in the United States. （墨西哥高技术工人工资降低到美国同水平）
28.If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities（相对要素丰富程度相差很多）, then we would not expect which of the following to be empirically supported?
A.The Heckscher - Ohlin Theorem
B.The Factor Price Equalization Theorem.
要素价格均衡理论）
C.The Law of One Price
D.The Law of Demand
E.None of the above.
29. A country cannot produce a mix of products with a higher value than where
A.the isovalue line intersects（相交）the production possibility frontier.
B.the isovalue line is tangent（相切）to the production possibility frontier中值线相切的生产可能性边界.
C.the isovalue line is above the production possibility frontier.
D.the isovalue line is below the production possibility frontier.
E.the isovalue line is tangent with the indifference curve.
30.If P C / P F were to increase,
A.the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth exports.
B.the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth produced.
C.the food exporter would increase the quantity of food exports.
D.Both A and C.
E.None of the above.
31.Export-biased growth in Country H will
A.improve the terms of trade of Country H.
B.trigger anti-bias regulations of the WTO.
C.worsen the terms of trade of Country F (the trade partner).
D.improve the terms of trade of Country F. （改善对手的贸易条件
E.decrease economic welfare in Country H.
32.If the poor AID recipient countries have a higher marginal propensity to consume each and every product than does the United States, then such aid will
A.worsen the U.S. terms of trade.
B.improve the U.S. terms of trade.
C.leave the world terms of trade unaffected.
D.worsen the terms of trade of both donor and recipient countries.
E.None of the above. 33.If two countries with diminishing returns and different marginal rates of substitution between two products were to engage in trade, then
A.the shapes of their respective production possibility frontiers would change.
dominate their trade.
D.the country with relatively elastic supplies would export more.
E.None of the above.
34.In the period preceding the recent Financial Crisis in Asia, the South East Asian countries were receiving large inflows of financial capital. Following John Maynard Keynes' theory, this should have caused
A. a glut in their banking asset situation.
B.an improvement in their terms of trade.
C.deterioration in their terms of trade.
D. a fluctuation upward and then downward in their terms of trade.
E.None of the above.
35.If Slovenia is a small country in world trade terms, then if it imposes a large series of tariffs on many of its imports, this would
A.have no effect on its terms of trade. （小国的关税对其贸易条件无影响）
B.improve its terms of trade.
C.deteriorate its terms of trade.
D.decrease its marginal propensity to consume.
E.None of the above.
36.If the United States exports skilled-labor intensive products and services, then we should expect unions representing unskilled labor to
A.lobby in favor of tariffs.
B.lobby against the imposition of tariffs.
C.be indifferent to the issue of tariffs.
D.lobby in favor of improved terms of trade.
E.Not enough information.
37.Where there are economies of scale, an increase in the size of the market will
A.increase the number of firms and raise the price per unit.
B.decrease the number of firms and raise the price per unit.
C.increase the number of firms and lower the price per unit（规模经济下，市场规模扩大，会增加厂商数目，降低产品价格）.
D.decrease the number of firms and lower the price per unit.
E.None of the above.
38.If some industries exhibit internal (firm specific) increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to see（外部规模经济产生不完全竞争市场）
A.intra-industry trade between countries.
B.perfect competition in these industries.
C.inter-industry trade between countries.
D.high levels of specialization in both countries.
E.None of the above.
39.International trade based on external scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried out by a
A.relatively large number of price competing firms. （相对大量的价格竞争者）
B.relatively small number of price competing firms.
C.relatively small number of competing oligopolists.
D.monopoly firms in each country/industry.
E.None of the above.
40. A monopoly firm engaged in international trade will
A.equate average to local costs.
B.equate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenues.
C.equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bear.
D.equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and in foreign markets.
E.None of the above.
41.In industries in which there are scale economies, the variety of goods that a country can produce is constrained by
A.the size of the labor force.
B.anti-trust legislation
C.the size of the market.
D.the fixed cost.
E.None of the above.
42.History and accident determine the details of trade involving
A.Ricardian and Classical comparative advantage.
B.Heckscher-Ohlin model consideration.
C.taste reversals.
D.scale economies.
E.None of the above.
43.If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then
A.workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country.
B.workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country.
C.workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. （在本国他们会得利当然不会迁徙）
D.workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country.
E.workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. 44.International borrowing and lending may be interpreted as one form of
A.intermediate trade.
B.inter-temporal trade. 跨期贸易
C.trade in services.
D.unrequited international transfers.
E.None of the above.
45. A country that has a comparative advantage in future production of consumption goods
A.will tend to be an international borrower.
B.will tend to have low real interest rates.
C.will tend to be an international investor or lender.
D.will tend to have good work ethics.
E.None of the above.
46.International labor mobility（流动）
A.leads to wage convergence by raising wages in destination country and lowering in source country.
B.is in accordance with the specific factors model
C.is in accordance with the Heckscher-Ohlin factor proportions model.
D.leads to wage convergence by raising wages in source and lowering them in destination country. （工资税平趋于一致
E.is in accordance with scale economy model.
47.In practice, international labor mobility is
A. a complete complement to trade flows.
B. a partial complement to trade flows.
C. a complete substitute for trade flows.
D. a partial substitute for trade flows. （部分替代贸易流动）
E.None of the above.
48.If one observes that Japan was traditionally a
net foreign lender, one could conclude that relative to its international trade and financial partners A.Japan's inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward future consumption.
B.Japan's inter-temporal production possibilities are larger than that of the other countries.
C.Japan's inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward present consumption. （生产可能性曲线偏向于当期的消费）
D.Japan's inter-temporal production possibilities are not biased.
E.None of the above.
49.If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in country H in the presence of the Metzler Paradox, A.raises the price of the good in both countries (the "Law of One Price").
B.raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F.
C.lowers the price of the good in both countries.
D.lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.
E.raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in
F.
50.The effective rate of protection measures
A.the "true" ad valorum value of a tariff.
B.the quota equivalent value of a tariff.
C.the efficiency with which the tariff is collected at the customhouse.
D.the protection given by the tariff to domestic value added.
E.None of the above.
51.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)
A.effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.
B.nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.
C.rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.
D.fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.
E.None of the above.
52.The main redistribution effect of a tariff is the transfer of income from
A.domestic producers to domestic buyers.
B.domestic buyers to domestic producers.
C.domestic producers to domestic government.
D.domestic government to domestic consumers.
E.None of the above.
53.The deadweight loss of a tariff
A.is a social loss because it promotes inefficient use of national resources.（社会资源的无效利用）
B.is a social loss because it reduces the revenue of the government.
C.is not a social loss because it merely redistributes revenue from one sector to another.
D.is not a social loss bacuase it is paid for by rich corporations.
E.None of the above.
54.The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made by
A.consumers lobbying for export tariffs.
B.consumers lobbying for import tariffs.
C.consumers lobbying for lower import tariffs.
D.producers lobbying for export tariffs.
E.producers lobbying for import tariffs.
55.The fact that industrialized countries levy very low or no tariff on raw materials and semi processed goods
A.helps developing countries export manufactured products.
B.has no effect on developing country exports.
C.hurts developing country efforts to export manufactured goods.
D.hurts developing country efforts to export raw materials.
E.None of the above.
56.An Optimal Tariff is considered unlikely to be observed in the real world because of
A.The Metzler Paradox.
B.it is practically impossible to define optimality in trade policy terms.
C.the likelihood of foreign repercussions.
D.real countries are considered to be "small" in the world trade context.
E.None of the above.
57.The optimum tariff is most likely to apply to
A. a small tariff imposed by a small country.
B. a small tariff imposed by a large country （大国家小关税）.
C. a large tariff imposed by a small country.
D. a large tariff imposed by a large country.
E.None of the above.
58.The existence of marginal social benefits
A.is an argument supporting free trade and non-governmental involvement.
B.is an argument supporting the use of an optimum tariff.
C.is an argument supporting the use of market failures as a trade-policy strategy.
D.is an argument rejecting free trade and supporting governmental involvement.
E.None of the above.
59.The domestic market failure argumen t is a particular case of the theory of
A.the optimum, or first-best.
B.the second best.
C.the third best.
D.the sufficing principle.
E.None of the above.
60.The median voter model（中间选民模式）
A.works well in the area of trade policy.
B.is not intuitively reasonable.
C.tends to result in biased tariff rates.（偏见的关税税率）
D.does not work well in the area of trade policy.
E.None of the above.
61.The fact that trade policy often imposes harm on large numbers of people, and benefits only a few may be explained by
A.the lack of political involvement of the public.
B.the power of advertisement.
C.the problem of collective action.
D.the basic impossibility of the democratic system to reach a fair solution.
E.None of the above.
62. A trade policy designed to alleviate some domestic economic problem by exporting it to foreign countries is know as a(n)
A.international dumping policy.
B.countervailing tariff policy.
C.beggar thy neighbor policy.（以邻为壑）63.Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain because of foreign
A.tariffs.
B. subsidies.
C.quotas.
D.Local-Content legislation
E.None of the above.
64.Export embargoes cause greater losses to consumer surplus in the target country
A.the lesser its initial dependence on foreign produced goods.
B.the more elastic is the target country's demand schedule.
C.the more elastic is the target country's domestic supply.
D.the more inelastic the target country's supply.
E.None of the above.
65.The World Trade Organization provides for all of the following except
A.the usage of the most favored nation clause.
B.assistance in the settlement of trade disagreements.
C.bilateral tariff reductions.
D.multilateral tariff reductions.
E.None of the above.
68. Under U.S. commercial policy, the escape clause results in
A.temporary quotas granted to firms injured by import competition.
B.tariffs that offset export subsidies granted to foreign producers.
C. a refusal of the U.S. to extradite anyone who escaped political oppression.
D.tax advantages extended to
minority-owned exporting firms.
E.tariff advantages extended to certain Caribbean countries in the U.S. market.
PartⅣ. Each term in the left column is related to a particular content in the right column, please match each pair with a line.
1.
Nontraded goods Price effect of tariff or export subsidy
Specific factor Biased growth
Optimum tariff Nontariff barrier
Collective action Real exchange rate
Metzler paradox Income distribution
Rybczynski effect
The terms of trade argument for a tariff Local content requirement Trade politics
Intertemporal trade The instruments of trade policy Harris-Todaro problem Wage differentials argument
Efficiency loss
International borrowing and lending
2.
Leontief paradox Economies of scale
Terms of trade V oluntary export restraint Specific rule Custom union
Learning curve Factor-proportions theory Intraindustry trade Standard trade model Quota rents Domestic market faiture Trade diversion
Dynamic economics of scale Import-substituting industrialization Tariff
First movement advantage Strategic trade policy Terms of trade gain
Infant industry argument
Part Ⅴ. Choose FOUR of the following questions and answer them.
Chapter 3
1. Suppose: Labor is the only one factor of production. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force.LC a 、
LW a and *LC a 、*
LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese 、wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. C p /W p is
the retative price of cheese.Home and Foreign have a comparative advantage in cheese and wine,respectively.Please denote each of the following contents with one equation. (1)Home’s comparative advantage. (2)Foreign’s specialization (3)World relative supply (4)Home’s gains from trade
(5)Compare *LC a /LC a 、*
LW a /LW a and w/w* Answer:
⑴ aLC/aLW 1/aLW
⑸ aLC*/aLC>w/w*>a*LW/aLW [因为a*LC w*>aLC w ,所以a*LC/aLC>w/w*;因为a*LW w*a*LW/aLW ]
2.Japanese labor productivity is roughly the same as that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States is still considerably more productive in the service
sector. But most services are nontraded. Some analysts have argued that this poses a problem for the United States, because its comparative advantage lies in things it cannot sell on world markets. What is wrong with this argument? Answer:
To determine comparative advantage need for all four unit labor requirements (for both the manufacture and the service sectors) ·*
LC LC a a is an absolute advantage in service ,this is
neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for
determining comparative advantage .
·The competitive advantage depends on both relative productivity and relative wages.
【该结论的问题在于没有考虑所有用来确定生产中比
较优势的信息：本例中与4个部门对劳动有所需求（美国、日本各自的服务部门和工业部门），仅仅比较服务部门的单位产品劳动投入是不够的。如果aLS本国服务业中的劳动将比外国的劳动更有效率。这说明了尽管美国在服务行业有绝对优势，但这对于确定比较优势既不是充分条件也不是必要条件。任何行业的竞争优势不仅取决于行业内的相对劳动生产率，还取决于行业间的相对工资。】 3. In Ricardian model, trade benefit a country can be shown in two ways.
(1) Explain the two ways respectively; (2) Can these ways suit for other trade model?
Answer:
⑴ ①To think of trade as an indirect method of production :
Suppose Home has a comparative advantage in producing cheese, while Foreign in wine, that
is *
*///LW LC W C LW LC a a P P a a <<, so LW W C LC a P P a /1)/)(/1(.>. That is by producing cheese and then trade for wine; Home can get more units
of wine than just producing wine itself in one unit of time.
Similarly, *
*/1)/)(/1(LW W C LC a P P a >, Foreign also gains from trade.
【①用间接生产方式表示：把贸易看成一种间接生产方法，通过生产别的产品换取所需的产品代替直接生产，“非直接”生产需要投入的劳动比率比直接生产要少。】
②Trade expands consumption possibilities
Figure2-4
【②以消费可能线表示：贸易扩大了一个国家的消费可能性。】
⑵ Yes, because whatever the trade model is, resources are admitted to be used in producing goods which is can do with relatively more sufficiency, By producing what they are relative more efficient in and trade for other goods they can get more than just producing the other goods themselves.
4.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified. That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”.
Answer:
(1). Productivity and competitiveness ·The gains from trade depend on comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage. ·The competitive advantage of an industry depend on relative labor productivity and relative wage. ·Absolute advantage: neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for comparative advantage (or for the gains from trade). (2). The pauper labor argument ·Whether the lower cost of foreign export goods is due to high productivity or low wages does not matter. All that matter to home is that it is more efficient to “produce” those goods indirectly than to produce directly. (3). Exploitation ·if it refuse to trade, real wages would be even lower
5.“Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition”. Judge and explain the remark.
Answer:
The gains from trade depend on comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage. ·The competitive advantage of an industry depend on relative labor productivity and relative wage.
·Absolute advantage: neither a necessary nor a sufficient
condition for comparative advantage (or for the gains
from trade).
①贸易的获益取决于比较优势而非绝对优势。一个部
门的比较优势不仅取决于该部门相对于其他国家同一
部门的劳动生产率，也取决于本国相对于外国的工资
率。一个国家工资率又取决于其他产业部门的相对劳动生产率。因此，即使是劳动生产率比较低的国家也能拥有比较优势，从贸易中获益。 ②贫民劳动论：外国的低工资率和本国是否从贸易中获利的问题并没有多大关系，外国生产产品的成本比
较低是因为劳动生产率高还是因为工资率低是一件无关紧要的事，关键是有哪个本国自己的劳动量，本国生产的产品换取外国产品比本国直接生产的更便宜。 ③剥削论：拒绝出口和贸易的机会恰恰会将他们陷入更加贫困的境地。
6. Judge and explain the following arguments:
(1)Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages.
(2)It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.
Answer:
Relative wage reflects relative productivity, international trade can’t change it. ·Trading with a less productive and low-wage country will rise ,no lower its standard of living.
【贫民劳动论：外国的低工资率和本国是否从贸易中获利的问题并没有多大关系，外国生产产品的成本比较低是因为劳动生产率高还是因为工资率低是一件无关紧要的事，关键是有哪个本国自己的劳动量，本
国生产的产品换取外国产品比本国直接生产的更便宜。】
Right
If a*LC/aLC>w/w*>a*LW/aLW
因为a*LC/aLC>w/w*,推出a*LC w*>aLC w, that is home ends up with a cost advantage in cheese. 因为a*LW/aLWforeign ends up with a cost advantage in wine. 【各国在一种产品中具有比较优势。】
7. Suppose that there are many countries capable of producing two goods, and that each country has only one factor of production, labor. What could we say about the pattern of production and trade in this case? (Hint: Try constructing the world relative supply curve.) Answer:
Label the countries so that
N 2(aLC/aLW)...(aLC/aLW)(aLC/aLW)<<<
Any country to the left of RD produces cheese and trades it for wine. Any country to right of RD produces wine and trades it for cheese.
If the intersection occurs in a horizontal portion, the country with that aLC/aLW produces both goods.
【如果与许多国家能生产两种产品，世界相对供给曲线是一个阶梯函数，曲线上包含与具有不同劳动需求比率的国家相同的“阶梯”数。相对需求曲线和相对供给曲线的交点左边的国家出口他们相对与交点右边的国家具有比较优势的产品。如果交点在水平部分的曲线上，则一国在这一相对价格水平上生产两种商品。】
8. In the specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), If Home produces and trades food for
manufactured goods , the change rates of goods price and factor price are shown as F P ?、M
P ?、T r ?、K r ?、W ? respectively.
(1)Compare the five change rates (denote it with an equation).
(2)Will the real income of landowners 、capitalists and workers increase or decrease? Explain these changes. (3)Draw a conclusion on the effects of income distribution.
9. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off.
Chapter 4
10. (1)What is Rybczynski effect ? Draw a figure using production possibility frontier to illustrate it. (2) How can we relate Rybczynski effect to H-O theorem ?
Answer:
⑴罗布斯金效果：在相对商品价格不变，如果一种生产要素的供应增加，该要素密集型的产品产出会上升，而其他商品生产将下降。
·The economy could produce more of both cloth and food than
before.
·A biased expansion of production possibilities.
·An economy will tend to be relatively effective at producing goods that are intensive in that factors with which the
country is relative well-endowed.
⑵H-O model is a proportion of Rybzynski effect.【H-O模型是罗布金斯基定理的推论，H-O理论认为各国倾向于出口国内丰富资源密集型的产品罗布金斯基认为一种要素供给的增加，密集使用这种要素的产品的产出将更大幅度增加，因此出口就会增加。】
11.What is Stolper-Samuelson effect ? Draw a figure relating goods price to factor price and factor input ratio and illustrate Stolper-Samuelson effect.
Answer:
Stolper-Samuelson effect :如果产品的相对价格上升，该产品集中使用的要素的实际收入上升，而其他要素实际收入下降P C/P F↑ w/r↑ T C/L C↑,T F/L F↑MPL C↑, MPL F↑ W/P C↑, W/P F
12. (1) Stolper-Samuelson effect.
(2) Immiserizing growth Answer:
(1) Stolper-Samuelson effect: If the relative price of a good rises the real income of the factor which intensively used that good will rise while the real income of the other factor will fall.
(2) Immiserizing growth: To export-biased growth, if the decline of the welfare caused by the deterioration of the terms of trade swap over the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth. 对于export-biased生长，如果贸易条件恶化造成福利的下降而贸易增长造成福利的上升，则称这种增长是贫困化增长。
Conditions:
(1) Economic growth is strongly export-biased
(2) The growing country is large enough to affect the world price
(3) RS and RD must be very steep.
13.“The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.”
Answer:
what matters are not the absolute abundance of factors, but their relatives abundance. Poor countries have an abundance of labor relative to capital when compared to more developed countries.
【‘充裕’要素的充裕是相对的,指的并不是一国所拥有的该生产要素的绝对数量的充裕，而是指
改生产要素相对于其他生产要素的相对充裕。
可见，其作用的不是要素的绝对充裕程度，而
是它们的相对充裕程度。根据H-O（赫克歇尔-俄林定理）理论，各国倾向于生产并出口国内充裕要素密集型的产品，一国充裕要素的所有者能够从国际贸易中获利。与发达国家相比，在发展中国家，相对于资本而言劳动比较充裕。】
14. According to an influential recent paper, the
H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be the same as the H-O model predicts.
Answer:
It is wrong.
·Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller
than the H-O model predicts.
·A large part of the reason for this disparity comes from a false prediction of large-scale trade in labor between rich and poor countries. ·This puzzle can be resolved only by dropping the H-O assumptions that technologies are the same across countries
15.In the discussion of empirical results on the Heckscher-Ohlin model, we noted that recent work suggests that the efficiency of factors of production seems to differ internationally. Explain how this would affect the concept of
factor price equalization. Answer：
the Heckscher-Ohlin theory would be applied to “effective factors” which adjust for the differences in technology or worker skills or land quality (for example).
The adjusted model has been found to be more successful than unadjusted model at explaining the pattern of trade between countries. Factor-price equalization concepts would apply to the effective factors.
【如果各国生产要素效率不同，那么H-O理论可以适用于有效要素就是在工人技能或土地差异中考虑技术差异。结果表明调整后的模型比没有调整的模型能够更好的解释国家见的贸易模型。要素趋同概念也可以适用于有效要素。】
16. (1)What are the main conclusions of the H-O model? Are they confirmed by empirical evidences? Why? (2)Can the H-O model predict the volume of trade? why? Does factor trade in general turn out to be the same as the H-O model predicts? why?
Answer：
(1) H-O proposition: Countries tend to export goods whose production is intensive in factors with which they are abundantly endowed.
It is not supported by the empirical evidenc e.
·U.S. exports were more skilled labor-intensive and technology-intensive than its imports. U.S. exports were less capital-intensive than U.S. imports. (Leontief paradox).
·Two-thirds of the factors were trading in the predicted direction less than 70 percents of the time. This result confirms the Leontief paradox on a broader level: Trade often doesn’t run in the direction that the H-O theory predicts.
·This puzzle can be resolved only by dropping the H-O assumptions that technologies are the same across countries.
【H-O理论的结论：各国倾向于出口本国丰富资源密集型产品。该结论不能被实证检验所证实。根据美国和世界的数据，美国是一个资本相对丰富的国家，应该出口资本密集型产品，但事实并非如此，这就是所谓的里昂悌夫悖论。如果要素比例理论是正确的，一个国家总是要出口要素比利大于收入比例的生产要素，进口要素比例小于收入比例的生产要素，事实上，有2/3生产要素在不到70%的情况下是一要素比例理论所论断的方式进行贸易的。其中一个重要原因是H-O理论假定各国技术是一样的，但事实并不是这样的。】
(2)①Yes, If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the factor share exceeded the income share, import factors for which it was less.
②No，Factor trade in general turn out to be much smaller than the H-O model prescribe.（要素贸易远小于H-O模型的规定
Chapter 5
17.Imagine an economy where consumers always buy goods in rigid proportions—for example, two yard of cloth for every pound of food—regardless of the prices of the two goods. Show that an improvement in the terms of trade benefits this economy, as well.
Answer:（chapter5,2
Home: trade cloth for food
A rise in the terms of trade increases welfare 【生产点位于Q1，消费点是相对价格和无差异曲线的交点D1。贸易条件的好转会使得相对价格线从1
(PC/PF)旋转到2
(PC/PF)，这是，生产点从D1变为D2。该国可以达到更高的无差异曲线，消费点也变成了D2。该国的进出口量多有所变化，福利水平的变化由无差异曲线的斜率和相对价格线的变化幅度决定。
18．Japan primarily exports manufactured goods, while importing raw materials such as food and oil. Analyze the
impact on Japan’s terms of trade of the followin g events:
(1)Korea develops the ability to produce automobiles that it can sell in Canada and the United States.
(2)U.S. engineers develop a fusion reactor that replaces fossil fuel electricity plants.
(3)A harvest failure in Russia.
Answer:（chapter5,3）
日本是制造品M的出口国和原材料R的进口国，其贸易条件有世界制造品和原材料的相对价格PM/PR ，通过世界相对供给曲线对相对需求曲线（M相对于R）的变化可以确定贸易条件的变化。
The terms of trade of Japan is P M/P R.
a. Q*M↑, RS shift to the right, P M/P R↓
【韩国汽车生产的增加会加大制造品的供给，导致世界相对供给的增加，RS右移，PM/PR↓，恶化日本的贸易条件。】
b. D*R↓, RD shift to the right, P M/P R↑
【美国发明的一种队石油燃料的替代品，可以降低对原材料的需求，进而增加世界相对需求。RD曲线向右移动，提高制造品的世界相对价格，改善日本的贸易条件。即使日本安装核反应堆也将发生这种情况，以为世界相对于原材料的需求减少了。】
c. Q*R↓, RS shift to the right; D*M↓, RD shift to the left, P M/P R↓
【俄罗斯的歉收会减少原材料的供给,导致世界相对供给增加,RS曲线向右移动.由于俄罗斯队制造品的需求减少,会导致世界需求减少,所以RD曲线将会向左移动,降低制造品的世界相对价格,恶化日本的贸易条件。】
19.Countries A and B have two factors of production, capital and labor, with which they produce two goods, X and Y. Technology is the same in the two countries. X is capital intensive; A is capital abundant. Analyze the effects on the terms of trade and the welfare of the two countries of the following:
a. An increase in A’s capital stock.
b. An increase in A’s labor supply.
Answer：
·Country A trade X for Y while Country B trade Y for X. ·An increase in the capital stock of either country favors the production of X. While an increase in the labor stock of either country favors the production of Y. ·Export-biased growth worse the growing country's terms of trade, its national welfare can rise, decline or unchanged. Improt-biased growth improves the growing country's terms of trade and welfare.
【在生产过程中，当一种要素供给增加时会导致经济的偏向性增长。无论哪个国家，资本存量的增加会导致X产品产量上升，劳动供给的增加会导致Y产品产量上升。根据赫克歇尔-俄林模型，一国将出口密集使用其相对丰裕要素所生产的产品。所以，A国应该出口X产品，进口Y产品，出口偏向型增长会使得本国贸易条件恶化、福利水平下降，但是贫困化增长又使得该国福利水品的变化变得不不确定。但是可以肯定的是，进口偏向性会使得一国福利水平上升。
a、A国贸易条件恶化，福利水平部确定；B国贸易条
件改善，福利水平上升
b、A国贸易条件改善，福利水平上升；B国两者皆受
损】
20. (1)A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s.
(2)A Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s. (Analyse them with RS、RD curves)
Answer：
(1) Home imposes tariff on Food, (P F/P C)H↑ or (P C/P F)H↓
Q C↓Q F↑;D C↑D F↓the world as a whole
[(Q C+Q C*)/(Q F+Q F*)]↓, RS shift to the left;
[(D C+D C*)/(D F+D F*)]↑, RD shift to the right.
A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens
Foreign’s.
Figure 5-10
(2) Home offers subsidy on cloth, (P C /P F ) H ↑
Q C ↑Q F ↓; D C ↓D F ↑ the world as a
whole [(Q C +Q C *)/(Q F +Q F *)]↑, RS shift to the right; [(D C + D C *)/(D F +D F *)]↓, RD shift to the left.
A Home e xport subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improves Foreign’s.
Figure 5-11
21.Suppose that one country subsidizes its exports and the other country imposes a “countervailing” tariff that of trade? What about welfare in the two countries?
Suppose, on the other hand, that the second country retaliates with an export subsidy of its own. Contrast the result.
(Analyse them with RS 、RD curves) Answer ：(本章课后题8)
When a country subsidizes its exports, the world relative supply and relative demand schdules shift such that the terms of trade for the counrty worsen. A countervailing improt tariff in a second country exacerbates this effect,moving the terms of trade even further against the first country. The first country is worse off both because fo the deterioration fo the terms of trade and the distortions introduced by the new internal relative prices. The second country definitely gains from the first country ’s export subsidy, and may gain further from its own tariff. If the second country retaliated with an export subsidy then this would offset the initial improvement in the terms of trade; the “retaliatory ” export subsidy definitely helps the first country and hurts the second.
Chapter 6
22.(1)In monopolistic competition trade model, two key assumptions are made to derive the demand curve facing a typical monopolistically competitive firm: )](/1[P P b n S Q -?-?=, what is the two assumptions ? (2)If the cost of the firm take the form C=F+ c×Q , We can derive AC=n×F/S+c and P=c+1/(b+n). How can we get the equilibrium number of firms from figure and algebra ? (3)What is the dilemma (or constraint) of a single country ?
(4)International trade increases market size. What are the effects of the increased market size? Draw a figure to illustrate them.
(5)How will the pattern of trade be?
Answer:
(1) Two assumptions:
①Each firms is assumed to be able to differentiate its product from that of its rivals. (It behaves as if it were a monopolist)
②Each firms is assumed to take the prices charged by its rivals as given. (It behaves as if it were a competitor). (2)Market equilibrium
·We assume that all firms in this industry are symmetric, that is typical firms. All we want to know is n and P . ·The more firms there are, the less each firm sells and therefore the higher is its average cost.
(curve cc: AC=F/Q + c=n×F/S + c , n ↑, AC ↑)
The more firms there are, the more intensive they compete, and hence the lower is the industry price. (curve pp: P=c+1/(b×n ) (P 129-130) , n ↑, P ↓) ·According to the long-run-equilibrium monopolistic competition:
P e =AC e (zero-profit), n =bF S /.
Figure 6-3
(3) Economies of scale and variety of products.【规模经
济以及产品差异化。】
(4)In larger market there usually will be both more firms and more sales per firm; Consumers in a large market will be offered both lower prices and a greater variety of products than consumers in small markets. （n1→n2，p1→
p2）
Figure 6-4
(5) The pattern of trade is unpredicted .And history an accident determine the details of the trade pattern.【不确定；取决于历史和偶然因素】
23. “In the monopolistic competition model, trade may be divided into two kinds. Two -way trade in differentiated products within an industry is called intraindustry trade; trade that exchanges the products of one industry for the products of another is called interindustry trade”.
Model: Home 、Foreign; K 、L ; Manufacture and Food.
Home is capital abundant. Manufacture is
capital-intensive and monopolistic competition
The length of the arrows indicates the value of trade
in each direction. Because manufactures is monopolistically competitive industry, Home and Foreign will produce differentiated goods, it will import as well as export manufactures, giving rise to intraindustry trade.
24. “External economies can cause countries to get ‘locked in’ to undesirable pattern of specialization and can even lead to losses from international trade”. Explain the argument with example. Answer:
⑴ external economies an specialization Figure 6-9
The average cost curve for Thailand, ACTHM, lies below the average cost curve for Switzerland, ACSWISS. Thus Thailand could potentially supply the world market more
cheaply than Switzerland. If the Swiss industry gets established first, however, it may be able to sell watches at the price P, which is below the cost Co that an individual Thai firm would face if it began production on its own. So a pattern of specialization established by historical accident may persist even when new producers could potentially have lower costs.
⑵ External economies and losses form trade.
【国际经济学专题考试试卷十】Externalities
Chapter 10 Externalities TRUE/FALSE 1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Market failure MSC: Interpretive 2. When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 3. Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total benefit to society as a whole. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as a whole. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 6. Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form of market exchange. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the pollution. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 8. Organizers of an outdoor concert in a park surrounded by residential neighborhoods are likely to consider the noise and traffic cost to residential neighborhoods when they assess the financial viability of the concert venture. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Applicative 9. When a driver enters a crowded highway he increases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway. This is an example of a negative externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical 663
李坤望《国际经济学》课后习题答案
第一章 1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要? 答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要 2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答：参见教材第一章第二节内容，将图1－6a中，以横坐标表示y商品的供给，以纵坐标表示x商品供给，得出相应生产可能性边界线，然后将图1－6b中，以横坐标表示y商品供给，以纵坐标表示y的相对价格，通过类似推导可得出国民供给曲线，国民需求曲线作类似推导可得。 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡? 答：两种商品同时达到均衡。一种商品均衡时，由其相对价格，机会成本，需求可知另一种商品得相对价格，机会成本和需求。 4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示：略，参见书上 5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平?
《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案
《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案（一） 一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 20 分） 1.要素禀赋：亦即要素的丰裕程度，是指在不同国家之间，由于要素的稀缺程度不同所导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林定理认为，要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础。 2.倾销：指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品，并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为。 3.黄金输送点：黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点，是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限，它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 4.三元悖论：也称为三元冲突理论，即在开放经济条件下，货币政策的独立性、汇率的稳定性和资本的自由流动三个目标不可能同时实现，各国只能选择其中对自己有利的两个目标。 二、单项选择题 2.根据相互需求原理，两国均衡的交换比例取决于（ C ） A 两国的绝对优势 B 两国的比较优势 C 两国的相对需求强度 D 两国的要素禀赋 3.在当今的国际贸易格局中，产业内贸易更容易发生于（ B ） A 发展中国家与发达国家 B 发达国家与发达国家 C 发展中国家与发展中国家 D 发展中国家和最不发达国家 4.课征关税会增加生产者剩余，减少消费者剩余，社会总福利的变化将（ B ） A 上升 B 降低 C 不变 D 不确定 5.以下选项中，哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念？（ C ） A 外国企业 B 非盈利机构 C 国际经济组织 D 政府 7.布雷顿森林体系创立了（ B ） A 以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度 B 以美元为中心的固定汇率制度 C 以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 D 以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 8.在下列投资方式中，属于国际间接投资的是（ D ） A 在国外设立分公司 B 在国外设立独资企业 C 在国外设立合资企业 D 购买国外企业债券 9.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括（ C ） A 技术转让 B 信息交流 C 信息回授 D 示范效应 10.在斯图旺表中第三象限表示（ C ） A 通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存 B 衰退与国际收支顺差并存 C 衰退与国际收支逆差并存 D 通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存 三、判断正误题 1.亚当。斯密的绝对利益学说和大卫•李嘉图的比较利益学说都是从劳动生产率差异的角度来解释国际贸易的起因。（√）
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations
国际经济学考试试题
国际经济学考试试题标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]
郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 课程名称：国际经济学考试形式：闭卷 考核对象（专业或班级）：贸易经济、经济学、国际经济与贸易、金融 学、保险学 学号：姓名： 说明：所有答案请答在规定的答题纸或答题卡上，答在本试卷册上的无效。 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说 5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论
国际经济学答案答案中文版
Home's PPF 200400600800200400600800 Q apple Q banana Foreign's PPF 200400600800100080160240320400 Q*apple Q*banana Chapter 2 1a.画出本国的生产可能性边界： b. 用香蕉衡量的苹果的机会成本是， 5.1=Lb La a a c ．劳动力的自由流动使两部门的工资率相等，自由竞争使得他们生产两种产品的机会成本相同。相对价格等于相对成本，后者可以表示为(*)/(*)a a b b w a w a ，由于两部门间的工资率相等，a b w w ∴=，只有在Lb La b a /a a /P P =，两种商品才都会被生产。所以 1.5 /P P b a = 2a. b. 3 a. a b b a /P P /D D =∵当市场达到均衡时, 1b a ) (D D -**=++=b a b b a a P P Q Q Q Q ∴RD 是一条双曲线 x y 1 =
b.苹果的均衡相对价格由RD 和RS 的交点决定: RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5.1],5.0(5.0) 5.0,0[=∈=??? ??+∞∈=∈y y y x x x ∴x=0.5, y=2 ∴2/=b P a P e e c. ∵b a b e a e b a P P P P P P ///>>**∴只有两个国家的时候，本国专门生产苹果，出口苹果并进口香蕉：外国则正好相反。 d ． 国际贸易允许本国和外国在阴影区内任何一点消费，专门生产某种产品然后和另一个国家进行贸易的间接方式，要比直接生产该商品的方式更有效率。在没有贸易时，本国要生产3单位的香蕉必须放弃2单位的苹果，外国要生产1单位的苹果要放弃5单位的香蕉。贸易允许两国以两单位香蕉交换一单位苹果。通过出让2单位苹果，本国可以获得四单位的香蕉；而外国可以用2单位向交换得1单位苹果。所以两个国家都从贸易中获利。 4. RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5 .1] ,1(1)1,0[=∈=?? ???+∞∈=∈y y y x x x →5.13 2==y x →5.1/=b P a P e e 在这种情况下，外国将专门生产并出口香蕉，进口苹果。但本国将同时生产香蕉和苹果，并且香蕉相对于苹果的机会成本在本国是相同的。所以本国既没有得益也没有受损，但外国从贸易中获益了。 5.在这种情况下，劳动力总量加倍了而劳动生产率减半，所以有效劳动力总量仍是相同的。答案类似于第三小题，两国都从贸易中获益了。但是，相对于第四小题，外国的获益减少了。 6.实际上，相对工资率由相应的劳动生产率和对产品的相对需求决定。韩国的低工资率反映了韩国大部分行业的劳动生产率比美国低。和低劳动生产率，低工资率的国家进行贸易可以提高像美国那样高劳动生产率国家的福利和生活水平。所以这种贫民劳动论是错误的。
国际经济学考试题
试卷 编号： 郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论6．一种产品的竞争优势并非长期固定在某一个特定的国家，而是从技术发明国转向生产成本较低的国家，描述这一现象的理论是（）。 A、产品生命周期理论 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、规模经济理论 7、社会无差异曲线用来表示（）。 A、一国公民不愿意与别国进行贸易的百分比 B、能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合 C、为多生产一单位其他产品而必须放弃的本来生产产品的数量 D、一国具有比较优势的产品
李坤望《国际经济学》(第4版)学习辅导书-第1~4章【圣才出品】
第1章国际贸易理论的微观基础 1.1 课后习题详解 1．为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格？ 答：相对价格是两种或多种商品之间的价格对比关系。生产和消费只取决于相对价格，这是因为： 当生产处于生产可能性边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会成本（或社会成本）的，也就是以另一种产品的产量为机会成本。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，生产和消费只取决于相对价格。 2．仿效（教材中）图1-6和图1-7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答：在图1-1（a）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示X商品的供给，得出相应的生产可能性边界线；在图1-1（b）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示Y商品的相对价格P Y/P X。Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线的推导如下： 首先，推导Y商品的国民供给曲线NS Y。任意选取Y商品的三个不同的相对价格：1/2、1和2。这三条相对价格线与生产可能性边界线的切点分别决定了三个生产均衡点D、E、F，对应于这三点的Y商品的产出分别为：S1、S2、S3。在图1-1（b）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示Y商品的相对价格，根据图1-1（a），在图1-1（b）中画出对应于各
个相对价格的Y商品的供给量，最后得出一条曲线NS Y，即Y商品的国民供给曲线。该曲线斜率为正，表示随着Y商品的相对价格的提高，其供给水平也随之提高。 采用同样的方法，可得出国民需求曲线ND Y，如图1-2所示。 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一种商品达到均衡时，另一种商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。 答：在只有两种商品的情况下，当一种商品达到均衡时，另一种商品也同时达到均衡。理由如下： 在只有两种商品的情况下，生产要素只能在两者间分配，两种商品间的相对价格是唯一的世界市场价格。当其中一种商品达到均衡时，该商品的相对价格得以确定，其供给与需求
《国际经济学》模拟试卷(2) (2)
《国际经济学》模拟试卷（2） 一二三四五六得分统分人复核人 一、单项选择题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分)：在每题中的括号内填上正确答案的序号。 1．本国生产X1、X2、X3、X4四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15，外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为15、 18、24、30，根据李嘉图模型，本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势？在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势？（） A.X4、X1 B.X3、X2 C.X1、X4D X2、X3 2．在特定要素模型中，一国经济在贸易后达到新的均衡时应满足（） A.w x=P X MP LX且w y=P y MP Ly B.r x=P X MP kX且r y=P y MP ky C.w=P X MP LX=P y MP Ly D.r x=P X MP kX=P y MP ky 3．可以用来解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（） A.绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C.要素禀赋理论 D.规模经济理论 4．大国设置的进口关税（） A.会增加该国的福利 B.会减少该国的福利 C.会使该国福利保持不变 D.上述三者都是可能的 5．贸易保护的政治经济学分析是从（）的角度出发来解释现实中所存在的贸易保护现象的。 A.外部经济 B.市场不完全竞争 C.收入再分配 D.市场完全竞争 6．开放经济下，政府面临内外平衡两个目标，根据蒙代尔的“分配法则”，应该将国内平衡的任务分配给（），而将稳定国际收支的任务分配给（）。 A.财政政策，货币政策 B.货币政策，财政政策 C.收入政策，货币政策 D.收入政策，财政政策 7．就国家整体而言，分配进口配额最好的方法是（） A.竞争性拍卖 B.固定的受惠 C.资源使用申请程序 D.政府适时分配 8．下面不属于资本流动纯理论模型的是（） A.费雪模型 B.证券组合模型 C.双缺口模型 D.麦克道格尔模型 9．（）是国际收支平衡表中最基本和最重要的项目。 A.经常项目 B.资本项目 C.贸易收支 D.平衡项目 10.根据货币分析法，在固定汇率制度下，减少一国国际收支赤字的最佳方案是（）。 A.货币升值 B.货币贬值 C.提高货币供给增长率 D.降低货币供给增长率 二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分)：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“ ”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。 1．国际交换比例越接近本国的国内交换比例，本国所得的利益越少；反之，越接近对方国家的国内交换比例，本国所得的利益越多。（） 2．要素禀赋是指生产某种产品所投入两种生产要素的相对比例。（） 3．在商品相对价格不变的条件下，某一要素的增加会导致密集使用该种要素部门的生产增加，而另一部门的生产则下降。（）4．无论是大国还是小国，是强国还是弱国，都能征收最优关税使各自的国家福利达到最大。（） 5．基于有效保护率的考虑，各国的关税结构通常是从初级产品、半制成品到成品，随加工程度的深化，税率不断下降。（）6．证券组合模型认为，利率差异是资本国际流动的原因和动力，而资本流动的最终结果是消除了利率差异。（） 7．远期汇率高于即期汇率称为远期汇率贴水。（） 8．无抛补利率平价的含义为：本国利率高于（低于）外国利率的差额等于本国货币的预期贬值（升值）幅度。（）
《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)
《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案） Ch1-Ch3 1.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources. B) the United States is a “Superpower.” C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. 2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade, A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries. B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S. C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State. D) the U.S. may not impose export duties. E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii. 3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro. B) developed and less developed. C) monetary and barter. D) international trade and international money. E) static and dynamic. 4. International monetary analysis focuses on A) the real side of the international economy. B) the international trade side of the international economy. C) the international investment side of the international economy. D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks. E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange. 5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact that A)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade. B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods. C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products. D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union. E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada. 6. The gravity model explains why A)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain. B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil. C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products. D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring
国际经济学考试试题
国际经济学考试试题Last revision on 21 December 2020
郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 课程名称：国际经济学考试形式：闭卷 考核对象（专业或班级）：贸易经济、经济学、国际经济与贸易、金融 学、保险学 学号：姓名： 说明：所有答案请答在规定的答题纸或答题卡上，答在本试卷册上的无效。 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说 5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论
李坤望国际经济学第四版课后习题答案(自整理)教学教材
李坤望国际经济学第四版课后习题答案(自 整理)
第一章 1.封闭条件下，中国和美国的小麦与布的交换比率分别为1:4和2:5,那么在两国之间展开贸易后，小麦与布之间的交换比率可能为. A.1:6 B.2:6 C.3:6 D.4:6 2.在机会成本递增条件下，只要各国在生产同样产品时存在着价格差异，那么比较利益理论就仍然有效。这种说法是否正确? A.正确 B.不正确 3.作为新贸易理论的核心基础之一，规模经济意味着随着产量增加，() A.平均成本与边际成本都下降 B. 平均成本变化不确定,边际成本下降 C. 平均成本下降 D.平均成本与边际成本都上升 4.以下说法中，()是错误的。 A.绝对优势理论是以机会成本不变为前提的，而相对优势理论则是以机会成本递增为前提的 B.相对优势理论可以部分地解释经济技术发展水平和层次不同的国家之间进行贸易的基础 C.生产要素禀赋理论用生产要素禀赋的差异解释国际贸易产生的动因 D.无论是生产技术差异还是生产要素禀赋差异导致国际贸易产生,都是以两国之间同一产品的价格存在差异为前提
第二章 1.下列() 属于李嘉图模型的假定前提条件。 A.生产过程中使用资本和劳动力两种要素 B.没有运输成本和其他交易成本 C.生产要素可以在两国间自由流动 D.生产要素非充分利用因此机会成本不变 2.下列()不属于重商主义的观点。 A.货币是财富的唯一表现形式 B.通过国际贸易可以提高所有贸易参与国的福利水平 C.出口意味着贵金属的流入 D.进口意味着贵金属的流出 3.下列关于技术差异论的表述哪一项是不正确的() A.分为绝对技术差异论与相对技术差异论 B.劳动力在国内两个部门之间自由流动，而且机会成本保持不变 C.参与贸易的两个国家福利水平都可以得到提高 D.一国比另一国家的技术优势越大，则通过国际贸易获得的福利增加越大 4.下列哪一条不是重商主义的理论主张() A.贸易不是“零和”的 B.多卖少买，保持贸易顺差，是获得财富的基本原则 C.国家应干预经济，鼓励出口，限制进口 D.金银货币是财富的唯一形态
国际经济学题库(英文版)知识分享
Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content. 1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market. 2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale . 3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries. 4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、* LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案.
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 国际经济学试题 课程代码00140 一、单项选择题25小题1分25分 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的 错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶A A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.货币主义 2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是D A.对进口关税设置壁垒 B.对非关税设置障碍 C.对外汇实行管制 D.对本国货币低估对外价值 3.相对技术差异论的提出者是B A.斯密 B.李嘉图 C.奥林 D.赫克歇尔 4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判C A.日内瓦回合 B.东京回合 C.乌拉圭回合 D.安纳西回合 5.世界贸易组织成立于C A.1993年 B.1994年 C.1995年 D.1996年 6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是D A.商业银行 B.中央银行 C.外贸公司 D.居民个人 7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是D A.官方结算差额 B.商品贸易差额 C.基本收支差额 D.经常项目差额 8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是C A.调整论 B.货币论 C.弹性论 D.平衡论 9.从总体上看 产品的需求弹性的绝对值将A A.大于1 B.小于1 C.等于1 D.不确定 10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3 考虑政府的财政收入部分C A.10/9 B.5/3 C.5/2 D.10/3 11.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是D A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税 D.国内最低限价 12.最佳关税来源于B A.进口国厂商 B.出口国厂商 C.第三国出口厂商 D.第三国进口厂商
