机械类英文翻译

Mr. Rakesh A Oza, S P Patel / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d514463658.html, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.055-058
Analysis and Optimization of Drive Shaft in Eccentric Mechanical Press
1
Rakesh A Oza, 2 S P Patel
2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar.
1
Student, M E (CAD/CAM) Mechanical Engineering Department, Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar.
Abstract— In current market, drive shaft is most important component to run the application, because of failure of shaft tends to stop the production line or manufacturing of the components. A Drive shaft is a rotating shaft that transmits power from the motor to the gear box. Drive shaft must operate in high and low power transmission of the fluctuating load as required in eccentric mechanical press. Due to this type of fluctuating load drive shaft is fail. Thus it is important to make this shaft as per load requirement to avoid this failure. In this paper, first the model is prepare on the pro/Engineer software and after that the analysis work on the ANSYS for comparing the different such as bending stress, shear stress, and deflection of the shaft for existing condition as well as the new design which one developed for this condition. Then weight reduction is check by using E-Glass/Epoxy and HM-Carbon / Epoxy materials. Keywords: Drive shaft, Torsional buckling, ANSYS software; I. INTRODUCTION
A driveshaft is a rotating shaft that transmits power from the engine to the differential gear of a rear wheel drive vehicles [1]. Driveshaft must operate through constantly changing angles between the transmission and axle. High quality steel is a common material for construction. In the eccentric press the motor drives the flywheel by means of a belt drive. The energy is transferred from the flywheel via the combined clutch/brake system to the crank shaft. Gear is mounted on the other end of the drive shaft. From that gear mechanism power is transmitted to the eccentric shaft. By the means of the eccentric shaft rotary power is transferred to the linear movement.
Glass/Epoxy and HM-Carbon/Epoxy for the purpose of power transmission applications. Drive shaft is optimally designed and analyzed using ANSYS software for EGlass/Epoxy and HM-Carbon/Epoxy composites with the objective of minimization of weight of the shaft which is subjected to the constraints such as torque transmission, torsional buckling strength capabilities.
II. DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
In eccentric mechanical press, fluctuating type load is occur. So with the day by day use of the press higher stress is generated in the crank shaft and break the crank shaft. Here We take a press 160 ton capacity, stroke per minute 30~60 s.p.m. and drive shaft length 480 mm and major diameter 225mm and minor diameter 185 mm and main motor speed 1400 r.p.m. The primary load carried by the drive shaft is torsion. The shaft must be designed to have enough torsional strength to carry the torque without failure. The combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion Km : 1.5 The combined shock and fatigue factor for bending Kb : 2.0 Two different types of material are selected for the design: 1. E-Glass/Epoxy and 2. HM-Carbon / Epoxy materials.. For this design, the thickness of each lamina is considered as 0.125 mm.[5]
III.MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
Torque developed by the motor: P : : velocity ratio Tf : T :3183098.86 Nmm Tf is the torque transferred by the motor to the flywheel. kW …………….... (1)
Load acting on the Flywheel are as under:
FIG 1: CRANK SHAFT DRIVE MECHANISM
A compressive preload method was developed to reduce the thermal residual stress of a hybrid aluminium/composite[2]. The torsional stability of a composite drive shaft under torsion was studied by Shokrieh et al. [3] using different fibre orientations and stacking sequence. The composite propeller shaft had about 40 per cent weight saving compared with a two-piece steel propeller shaft [4]. shaft in the axial direction during operation, which increased the fatigue characteristics of the hybrid Aluminium/composite shaft In the present work an attempt is made to evaluate the suitability of composite material such as E-
Diameter of the flywheel Df : 1350mm Tf : ( T1 – T2 ) Rf …….. (2) …….. (3) T1 T2 : 6535.94 N : 1820.24 N Page no. 055
ISSN: 2248-9622

Mr. Rakesh A Oza, S P Patel / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d514463658.html, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.055-058
Diameter of the shaft based on the maximum shear stress theory Maximum shear stress : Diameter of the Gear Dg : 225mm Torque transferred by the gear: Tg : F Rg The free body of the drive shaft assembly is mentioned as under: d : : : 125 mm N/ …….. (6)
Load acting on the Gear are as under:
Diameter of the shaft based on the principle stress theory. Maximum stress : : N/
: …….. (7) d : 125.0 mm By comparing the both results, according to the maximum shear stress theory is higher than the principle stress theory. So here the diameter of the shaft is 125.00mm.
IV.ANSYS SOFTWARE RESULT DATA
Equivalent twisting moment Te : : : Equivalent bending moment Me : : : 34324146Nmm Design with EN 8 Material: Hardness : 280 BHN Ultimate tensile stress σut Yield stress : 555 N/ Endurance limit : 0.80 : 444 N/ Design stress σ Factor of safety /σ :3 Diameter of the shaft is calculated on the base of basically two types which are as under : 1. According to the maximum shear stress theory 2. According to the principle stress theory FOS : : 0.30 : 166.50 N/ [7] FIG 3: MESHING MODEL : 3.41 BHN [6] …….. (5) Nmm FIG 2: MODEL OF DRIVE SHAFT ASSEMBLY …….. (4)
: 954.80 N/
FIG 4: CONSTRAIN OF SHAFT
ISSN: 2248-9622
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Mr. Rakesh A Oza, S P Patel / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d514463658.html, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.055-058
G12 : 5.6 GPa ( Modulus of rigidity in xy direction ) v12 : 0.30 ( Poisions ratio ) σ1 : 800 MPa ( working stress in x direction ) σ2 : 40 MPa ( working stress in y direction ) τ12 : 72 Mpa ( working shear stress in xy direction ) ρ : 2000 Kg/m3 ( density of the material )
Normal stress for this material :
FIG 5: APPLY FORCE ON FLYWHEEL : 793.12 N/mm2 From the above calculation of the steel shaft the design stress for the tensile is twice the shear stress. σ : 2 τ12 σ : 144 N/mm2 Diameter of the shaft based on the maximum shear stress theory from eq. 6 d : 135 mm Diameter of the shaft based on the principle stress theory from eq. 7 d : 135.00 mm FIG 6: APPLY FORCE ON GEAR By comparing the both results, according to the maximum shear stress theory is higher than the principle stress theory. So here the diameter of the shaft is 135.00mm.
B. Design 2 (HM-Carbon / Epoxy Material) Properties of the HM-Carbon / Epoxy Material[8] E11 : 190 GPa ( Modulus of elasticity in xx direction ) E22 : 7.7 GPa ( Modulus of elasticity in yy direction ) G12 : 4.2 GPa ( Modulus of rigidity in xy direction ) v12 : 0.30 ( Poisions ratio ) σ1 : 870 MPa ( working stress in x direction ) σ2 : 54 MPa ( working stress in y direction ) τ12 : 30 Mpa ( working shear stress in xy direction ) ρ : 1600 Kg/m3 ( density of the material ) Normal stress for this material :
FIG 7: EQUIVALENT (VON-MISES) STRESS
: 871.10 N/mm2 From the above calculation of the steel shaft the design stress for the tensile is twice the shear stress. FIG 8: MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS σ : 2 τ12 σ : 60 N/mm2 Diameter of the shaft based on the maximum shear stress theory from eq. 6 d : 180.00 mm Diameter of the shaft based on the principle stress theory from eq. 7 d : 180.00 mm
V.SHAFT DESIGN USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL
A. Design 1 (E-Glass / Epoxy Material) Properties of the E-Glass/Epoxy Material[8] E11 : 50 GPa (Modulus of elasticity in xx direction) E22 : 12 GPa Modulus of elasticity in yy direction ) E22 : 12 GPa ( Modulus of elasticity in yy direction )
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Mr. Rakesh A Oza, S P Patel / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d514463658.html, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.055-058
III. CONCLUSION By comparing the both results, according to the maximum shear stress theory is higher than the principle stress theory. So here the diameter of the shaft is 180.00mm. Sr.No. 1 2 3 Material EN-8 E-Glass / Epoxy HM Carbon / Epoxy Diameter 125.00 135.00 180.00 Weight 45.95 Kg. 13.74 Kg. 19.54 Kg. Saving 0.00 70.09 % 57.46 %
From the above table, the E-Glass / Epoxy is most beneficial then the available three material.
REFERENCES
[1] [2] J. Reimpell and H. Stroll, The automotive chassis: engineering principles, Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, 1996 Cho, D. H. and Lee, D. G. Manufacturing of co-curing aluminium composite shafts with compression during co-curing operation to reduce residual thermal stresses, J. Compos. Mater., 1998, 32, 1221–1241. Shokrieh, M. M, Hasani, K. and Lessard, L. B. Shear buckling of a composite drive shaft under torsion. Compos. Struct., 2004, 64, 63–69. Kim, J. K., Lee, D. G., and Cho, D. H. Investigation of adhesively bonded joints for composite propeller shafts. J. Compos. Mater., 2001, 35, 999–1019. M.A.K. Chowdhuri , R.A. Hossain. “Design Analysis of an Automotive Composite Drive Shaft”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2(2), 2010, 45-48. PSG Design data book by PSG college Text book of machine design by Sharma and Agraval. S A Mutasher, B BSahari, A M S Hamouda, and S M Sapuan “Static and dynamic characteristics of a hybrid aluminium/composite drive shaft” Part L: J. Materials: Design and Applications Vol. 221,2007.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] [7] [8]
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Page no. 058

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1，PERMANENTLY MARK PART NUMBER(ALL METHODS ACCEPTABLE)IN LOCATION SHOWN：SAME AS DWG NO.INCLUDING REV & DATE OF MFG 2，REMOVE ALL BURRS AND BREAK ALL EDGES 3，ALL DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES APPLY AFTER FINISHING(IF REQUIRED) 4，COSMETIC INSPECTION CLASS IIA-EXTERNAL COMPONENT 5，MATERIAL：LAMINATED 1/2" CORIAN；COLOR SPECIFIED IN PURCHASE ORDER 6，FINISH：LAMINATION TO APPEAR SEAMLESS;NO PITTS OR LINES POST MACHINING：CLEAN & FURTHER SPECIFICATION IN PO 7，POLISHING：IF SPECIFIED IN PO；TOP，SIDES，CHAMFER & 1/2" FROM EDGE ON BASE SURFACE 8，ARTWORK：IF SPECIFIED IN PO；TO BE READ FROM ELLIPTICAL PROFILE 9，PART TO BE MANUFACTURED REFERENCING DWG AND 3D GEOMETRY SUPPLIED 2，1.如图所示的位置上加上耐久的产品编号标记,就是图纸编号包括图纸版本号及生产日期. 2.除去所有毛刺及所有边倒角. 3.(如必要的话)产品表面处理后,所有的尺寸及公差要符合要求. 4.外观检测等级为【信息工业协会[美]-外观件】 5.产品材料:1/2 英寸厚的"可丽耐"薄板, 颜色在采购单内注明. 6.表面要求:层压后无结合线,无凹坑或凸凹线状, 后处理: 洁净及详细请看采购单说明. 7.表面抛光: 如果在采购单中有说明则按其要求做,否则顶部,侧面,倒角斜面及底边上来1/2英寸处要抛光. 8.美工; 如果在采购单中有说明则按其要求做,否则从椭圆形中来读取(这一点要能与你们专业有关,我就不是很清楚, 要看产品图才知) 9.产品加工请参照提供的工程图及三维立体图. Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子 Electric screw driver 电动起子 Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查 fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet 栈板

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第一章：应力与应变 1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. 研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分歧，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。 2.For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing. 例如：如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话，会挤出油膜，引起金属和金属之间的相互接触，轴承将过热而迅速失效。 3.Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force. 力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向，这些被称为力的三要素。 4.All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis. 所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的，如果受到力的作用就产生变形。当变形很小的时候它们被假设成刚体，也就是不产生变形。 5.The rigid-body assumption cannot be used in internal stresses and strains due to the applied forces to be analyzed. Thus we consider the

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一．电气名词Electric items 二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits) 三．设备Equipments 四．保护、继电器Protection , relays 五．电气仪表Electric instruments 六．防雷Lightning protection 七．接地Grounding , earthing 八．室、所Room , Substation 九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair 十．材料Material 十一．图名Drawings , diagrams 十二．表头Tables 十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG 一．电气名词Electric items 交（直）流Alternating (direct) current 短路电流Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current 稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流Critical current 切断电流Rupturing current 熔断电流Blow-out current 故障电流Fault current 计算电流Calculating current 极限有限电流Limit effective current 过电流Over current 逆电流Inverse current 整定电流Setting current 额定电流Rated current 电流密度Current density 短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension 低压Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压Calculating voltage 激磁电压Exciting voltage 冲击电压Impulse voltage 临界电压Critical voltage

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机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch

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1.我们可以把钢再次加热到临界温度以下的某一温度，然后在慢慢让其冷却。We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly. 2.无论任何简单的机床，都是由单一元件即通称为机械零件或部件组成的。However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts. 3.这些金属不都是好的导体。 All these metals are not good conductors. 4. 在做带电实验的时候，再怎么小心都不为过。 You can't be too careful in performing an experiment. 5.利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo. 6.假定电源输入的电压保持不变。 Assume that the voltage input of the power supply remains the same. 7.化石燃料是发电过程中最为频繁使用的能源。 Fossil fuels are most frequently used source daring the power generation process. 8单个机械零件的可靠性成为评估整台机器使用寿命的基本因素。 The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life 9.说我们生活在一个电子时代，这一点都不夸张。 It's no exaggeration to say that we live in an electronic age. 10.发动机的转速不应超过最大允许值。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 11.如能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢的竞争能力就会增强。（Electrolytic hydrogen）。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. 12.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 13.远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。 High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use. 14.铝的电阻大约是同等尺寸的铜的1.5倍。 The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions = size 15.In fact,it is impossible for no force to be exerted on a body,since in this world everything is subject to the for ce of gravity. 事实上，物体不受外力作用是不可能的，因为在这个世界上任何物体都要受到重力的作用。 16.In a thermal power plant,all the chemical energy is not

电气工程专业英语翻译

实用资料：电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考 专业外语：Professional English 电路（上） electrical circuit (I) 电路（下） electrical circuit (II) 金工实习 machinery practice 电机（上） electrical machinery (I) 电工实验与测试 electrical experiment & test 电子综合实践 integrated electronic practice 信号与系统 signal & system 电子技术基础（模拟） fundamentals of electronic (analog) 电磁场electromagnetic field 电子技术实验 electronic experiment(I) 电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I) 发电厂动力工程基础 Heat power engineering in generating plant 企业管理 enterprise management 电气主系统electrical system principle 电力系统稳态/暂态分析 Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护 Power System Relaying Protection 电力系统潮流计算机分析：Computer Analysis of Power Flow 数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique 微机原理 microcomputer principle 电子技术基础（数字） fundamentals of electronic (digital) 自动控制 automatic control theory 电力系统分析 electric power system analysis 电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II) 电气主系统课程设计 electrical system principle-course design 电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II) 通信与计算机网络 communication & computer networks 电力系统继电保护 electric power system relaying 电力系统继电保护 Power System Protective Relaying 电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol 生产实习productive practice Technology 继电保护课程设计 electric power system relaying-course design 电力电子技术 power electronics 电力电子技术基础：Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology 电力电子课程设计 Power electronics course design 电力系统自动控制 electric power system control & automation 高电压技术 High voltage engineering Technology 变电站自动化 substation automation 电力经济 electric power system economics 电能质量控制 electric power quality control 配电网自动化 distribution system automation 电力系统新技术 new techniques on electric power system