(完整word版)高级英语第一册第三版张汉熙7-12课后Paraphrasetranslation答案

Lesson 7 Everyday use

Paraphrase

1.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.

She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life and that she can always have anything she wants, and life is extremely generous to her.

2.My fat keeps me hot in zero weather.

Because I am very fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather.

3. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.

4. It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. When I talked to them, I'm always ready to leave as quickly as possible, and turn my head away from them in order to avoid them as much as possible because of nervousness.

5.She would always look anyone in the eye.

She would always look at somebody directly and steadily, not feeling embarrassed or ashamed.

6.She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know.

She imposed on us lots of falsities and a lot of knowledge that was totally useless to us.

7. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.

She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking nor rich.

8. Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Meanwhile Asalamalakim is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way.

9. Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches.

In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family , branches.

10. He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car.

He just stood there with a grin on his face and looked at me as if inspecting 1 something old and out-of-date.

11. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.

12. "1 can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."

I don't need the quilts to remind me of Grandma Dee. She lives in my memory all the time

Translate

1)一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。

A big fire burned to the ground more than 300 homes in the slum neighborhood.

2)只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。

If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you will be able to look anyone in the eye.

3)这件衬衫与裙子的颜色和式样都不相配。

This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the skirt.

4)咱们一边喝咖啡一边谈这件事吧。

Let's talk about the matter over a cup of coffee.

5)他无法想象为什么人们反对他的看法。

He couldn't imagine why people were opposed to his suggestions.

6)这位官员在下汽车时碰到两个恐怖分子。

Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists.

7)只要我们坚持这些原则，我们就会成功。

As long as we stick to these principles, we will surely be successful.

8)这个消息使她大为震惊，但她很快就镇定了下来。

She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself. 9）这段典故的来源很难查找到。

It is very difficult to trace this quotation to its source.

Lesson8 Three cups of tea

Paraphrase

1、“what is one winter more?”再等一个冬天又何妨？

What dose it matter if we have to go without a school for another winter?

2、sher Takhi,who called Korphe’s widely dispersed faithful to prayer five times a day without the benefit of amplification, filled the small room with his booming voice.sher Takhi不用扩音设备召唤Korphe居住十分分散的教徒每天祷告五次，他那浑厚的嗓音充盈着这个小房间。

Sher Takhi had a booming voice, and without the advantage of amplification it filled the small room. He called Korphe’s believers, who were widely scattered working on their respective jobs , to pray five times a day.

3、As the moon rose over korphe K2 , they danced around the fire and taught Mortenson verses from the great Himalayan epic of Gesar, beloved across much of the roof of the world, and introduced him to their inexhaustible supply of Balti folk songs.当月亮升起映照着korphe K2时，他们围绕篝火跳舞，教摩顿森世界屋脊上大部分地区喜爱的《格萨尔传》中一些诗歌并向他

介绍巴尔蒂人十分丰富的民间歌曲。

At this time, the moon went up high in the sky above Korphe K2. The villagers danced around the fire and taught Mortenson lines from the Himalayan Epic of Gesar, beloved across most parts of the Himalayas which is the highest part of the world ,and introduced him to a tradition of Balti folk songs so rich that it could never be finished or used up.

4、The fact that it wasn`t written down didn’t make it any less real.虽然他没有用文字记录下来，这并不意味着他不那么真实。

The Balti didn’t have a written history, but that fact didn’t mean that its rich history didn’t exist.

5、He`d had too much trouble getting one school off the ground to think on Hoerni’s scale.

he had had so much trouble getting the plan of building one school started successfully. And he had to concentrate on completing this one and had no time or energy to think on the large scale of building more schools envisioned by Hoerni.

6、The old man led the former climber uphill for an hour, on legs still strong enough to humble the much younger man.

Although Haji Ali was old , his legs were still strong enough to leave the younger man far behind and thus feel ashamed.

7、The air had the fresh-scrubbed clarity that only comes with altitude. The air was so clear as if it had been just scrubbed. You can have such clear air only when you get to a certain high atltitude.

8、“You have to understand, in these villages, a ram is like a firstborn child,prize cow, and family per all rolled into one,”Mortenson explains. In these village, a ram was very much valued ,meaning something extremely precious like a firstborn child, a prize cow and a family pet combined.

Translation

1)当他被人从河里救出来时，几乎半死不活了。

when he was saved from the river, he was more dead than alive.

2)在我上一次访问这个村子时，那里还没有学校。现在一所小学已经屹立在山顶上。

In my previous visit, there was no school, but now one stands on the top of a mountain.

3)他恢复了知觉，睁开眼睛，想努力搞清楚发生了什么事，为什么他躺在那里。As he came to himself, he opened his eyes, trying to figure out what had happened and why he was lying there.

4)展览会上最吸引观众的是新奇的电子产品。

At the exhibition there were many novel electronic products that attracted the attention of visitors.

5)温室里的许多奇花异草引起了大家争先拍照。

People were keen on taking pictures of the many exotic flowers and plants in the green house.

6)这位作家出生于一个大家庭，他的家谱可以追溯到十五年前。

This writer came from a large, prominent family whose genealogy(家谱; 系谱学) stretches back fifteen generations.

7)当地少数民族在杀牲口前，先要举行一番宗教仪式，请求上苍允许他们杀生。Before killing an animal, the indigenous(土生土长的)ethnic(种族的)people usually hold rituals to request permission from their God.

8)村民们贫穷的事实并非说明他们就愚昧无知。

The fact that the villagers are poor doesn‘t mean they are ignorant or stupid.

9)志愿者们的共同努力使得项目开展起来了。

10)The volunteers made concerted(合拍调的; 协力一致的)efforts and got the project off the ground.

10)登山者感到头晕，几乎站立不住，一是由于过度疲劳，也是因为太饥饿了。、The climber felt so dizzy that he could hardly stand up, as much from over exhaustion (疲惫，衰竭)as from starvation

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part I)

Translation

1.他把网上的流传当成一个笑话，不予理睬。

He dismissed the story circulating on the Internet as a joke.

2.马克?吐温的《竞选州长》是一片著名的短篇故事。

Mark Twain’s “Running for Governor” is a famous short story.

3.对于遭受灾难的人们，我们应该毫无保留地帮助他们。

We should reach out without reservation to those who suffer from disasters.

4.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作成绩还是相当不错的。

Given their lack of experience, their work should be considered as quite good.

5.她是在华裔人占主导地位的社区里长大的。

She grew up in a community where the inhabitants were predominantly of Chinese origin.

6.心情不好不能成为你对同事粗暴的理由。

Being in a bad mod cannot justify your rude behavoir toward your colleagues.

7.警方把这件事视作“误解”而草草了事。

The police dismissed the incident as a case of misunderstanding.

Paraphrase

1. The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished.

the Constitution was finally adopted by the Constitutional Co nvention and signed the document. But the the slave issue w as not solved, the process of forming a more perfect unio n did not end

2. But it also comes from my own story.

My personal background and my success story, rising from rag s to riches, also teaches me the importance of unity.

3. But it is a story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its part that out of many, we are truly one.

Through my experience in the United States, I am deeply roo ted with the idea that America is not a total of addling everything together but is the product of fusion, of sharing the same creed.

4. Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions to the contrary, we saw how hungry the American people were for this message of unity.

In spite of all predictions that I would fail in the campaign, we gained momentum in the first year of the campaign, which showed that the American people were eager to unity and change.

5. Despite the temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won commanding victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the country.

People were encouraged to judge me in terms of race and color, raising the question of whether the United State would fare better with a black president. However, we won great victories even in some states which are more conservative and more racially biased.

6. We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the week before the South Carolina primary.

The week before the Democrats were to select delegates to t he national convention in South Carolina, racial tension which seemed insubstantial in the past became more frequent and more intense.

7. On one end of the spectrum, we've heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow an exercise in affirmative action; that it's based solely on the desire of wide-eyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap.

At one end of the wide range of opinion, there are people who say that I decided to run for presidency only because of the desires of native liberals in achieving racial harmony without making a great effort and I wanted to prove that black and white should have equal

opportunity.

8. I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community.

It is impossible for me to cast him off just as it is im possible for me to repudiate the black community.

Lesson 10 “A More Perfect Union” (Part II)

Paraphrase

1. Understanding this reality requires a reminder of how we arrive at this point.

In order to understand these complexities, we need to know the history and development of racial relations, the sufferings and injustices the blacks were subjected to

2. "The past isn't dead and buried. I fact, it isn't even past "(Para.

27)

The influence of what happened in previous times has not disappeared. Such influences can still be seen.

3.But for all those who scratched and clawed their to get a piece of the American dream , there were many who didn’t make it -----those who were ultimately defeated in one way or another, by discrimination. (Para.32) Out of those who worked or struggled very hard to climb the social ladder, many did not succeed. They were defeated in life's struggle, as a result of racial discrimination.

4.But it does find voice in the barbershop or the beauty shop or around the kitchen table.

Views colored by race may come up at informal conversations at the barbershop (or barbershops) where men meet, or over dinner among family members.

5.And occasionally it finds voice in the church on Sunday morning in the pulpit and in the pews.

And once in a while such sentiments are expressed in sermons and among church congregations,at Sunday morning black church services.

6. They are anxious about their futures, and feel their dreams slipping away; and in an era of stagnant wages and global competition, opportunity comes to be seen as a zero sum game, in which your dreams come at my expense.

As a result white Americans are very much worried about their future, feeling that their American dream is coming to an end, feeling hopeless and helpless. So they have a hostile attitude toward those whom they consider their competitors.

7. Talk show hosts and conservative commentators built entire careers unmasking bogus claims of racism while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or reverse racism.

Talk show hosts and conservative commentators became famous through exposing so-called incidents of racism and labeled reasonable discussion

of unfair treatment of minorities as catering to excessive sensibility to minority causes or as racism against the whites.

8. It’s a racial stalemate we’ve been stuck in for years.

The anger of the blacks and the resentment of the whites are not groundless. Both groups have legitimate concerns. Yet their anger is directed toward the wrong targets, thus hampering the solution of the issues which cause the anger, neither side has come to see the problem. So a racial deadlock exists.

9. For the African–American community, that path means embracing the burdens of our past without becoming victims of our past.

The black community should face and handle bravely the legacy of racial injustice of the past while at the same time should not feel they are being wronged all the time.

10. In the white community, the path to a more perfect union means acknowledging that what ails the African-American community, that path to a more perfect union means acknowledging that what ails the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black people; that the legacy of discrimination and current incidents of discrimination, while less overt than in the past, and these things are real and must be addressed.

For the whites, they should see clearly that the wrong done to the blacks in the past is a fact and subtle discrimination still exists today and should be solved properly.

11. We can pounce on some gaffe by a Hillary supporters as evidence that she’s playing the race card, or we can speculate on whether white men will all flock to John McCain in the general election regardless of his policies.

We can jump on some remarks made by some Hillary supporters against me and use this to show that Hillary also appeals to whites to defeat me in the Democratic campaign or predict that white people would support John McCain, not because of his policy but because of his skin color. 12. Or, at this moment, in this election, we can come together and say, “Not this time.”

Or, now and here, the American people, black and white, Asian and Hispanic and Native American, can unite and reject the politics that produce division and conflict.

Translate

1.这些在贫困中成年的孩子很珍惜他们得到的每一个机会。

These kids who have come of age i n poverty treasure every opportunity they got.

2 .他们虽然克服了种种困难，终于在一个偏远的山村里建立了一所小学校。After overcoming the odds. They succeeded in building a primary school

in a remote village in the hills.

3.虽然地震的惊恐已经过去，但她还是惊魂不定，心有余悸。

Although the earthquake shock was over, she was still haunted by fear.

4 ..越来越多的人懂得，经济的发展不能以牺牲生态环境为代价

More and more people have realized that economy should not be developed at the expense of the environment .

5 .这几个年轻人凭着热情和努力白手起家干起了一番事业

With enthusiasm and effort ,these young people have built a business from scratch.

6 .只有少数人实现了他们的梦想，大多数人没有成功

Only a few have realized their dreams and the majority failed to make it 7 .肉类生产也是促成碳排放的原因

The production of meat contributes to carbon emissions too.

8 .人类与自然的关系在许多早期的文学作品里就经常得以体现。

The relations between man and nature have found expression in many early literary works.

Unit 12 ships in the deserts

Paraphrase

1....but as I looked out over the bow,the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.

…but as I looked out over the bow, I could see there was not possible to catch a large amount of fish.

2....about the tunnel he was digging through time.

...about the ice core sample marked by annual layers, which can show the different degrees of population from year to year.

3.Industry meant coal,and later oil,and we began to burn lots of it-bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide(CO2),with its ability to trap more than in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth.

The development of industry means the use of large amount of coal and later petroleum as fuels to generate power. When coal and oil are burned they emit carbon dioxide into the air which keeps more heat near the earth. When the level of carbon dioxide emission in the air becomes high, heat will find it difficult to get through it to go into higher altitudes. Thus

the temperature of the earth gets warmer.

4.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture :It has got practical value.

5.Acre by acre,the rainforest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef..

Gradually trees in the rainforest are burned and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered so that the beef can be used in hamburgers.

6....which means are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.

Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat of these rare birds no long exists,thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.

7.And why do other images,though sometimes equally dramatic,produce instead a kind of paralysis,focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient,less painful distraction?

And why do other symbols, though sometimes no less surprising, only cause a kind of loss and inactivity and we concentrate our attention not on ways to deal with them but, instead on some other distractions which are easy and less painful to handle?

8.This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds,rainfall,surface temperatures,ocean currents and sea level.

The global climate balance determines the the pattern of winds,rainfall,surface temperatures,ocean currents and sea level.Once this state of balance is broken,winds,rainfall,and ocean currents will become abnormal; surface temperatures and sea level

will rise.

9.So far,however,we seem oblivious of the earth’s natural systems. So far, we seem unaware that the earth’s natural systems are delicate.

10.They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced.

They are signs and indications showing that there exists a much greater and more serious problem than we have ever encountered.

Translate

1.敌人向四面八方窜逃。

The enemy troops ran away in all directions

2.在城市里骑自行车的倡议得到了热烈的响应。

The appeal for biking in cities got a warm response.

3.这本书体现了他十年的研究成果。

This academic book reflects his research results in the past ten years.

4.在你采取行动之前必须好好考虑后果。

You must carefully consider the consequences before acting.

5.我们要消灭战争，必须先消灭引起战争的原因。

If we want to wipe out wars, we must first eliminate the causes of wars.

6.他没有足够的理由拒绝我们的建议。

He didn’t have a reason good enough to decline our offer.

7.这个程序很简单，也易于操作。

This program is very simple and easy to operate.

8.他的答案过于简单化，不能有效地解决这个复杂的问题。

He gave a simplistic answer which was unable to solve this complicated problem effectively.

高级英语第三版,张汉熙主编,paraphrase

U n i t2M a r r a k e c h 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals. 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

(完整版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-4单元课后题及答案

Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation

张汉熙《 高级英语 》重点词汇表整理第一册5

Lesson Five Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of USSR Words and Expressions to Learn 1.Nouns Winston Churchill, conviction, account, luncheon, appetite, aggression, opponent, spectacle, threshold, champion, onslaught, locust, prey, bomber, subjugation, vestige, doom, tyranny, prelude, Western Hemisphere, outrage, 2.Verbs wring, cow, smart, concur, moralize, hurl, intervene, fortify, lure, slacken, till, revert, thrive, redouble, enlist, broadcast, ground, unfold, clank, click, resolve, parley, strengthen, rescue, impel, prosper 3.Adjectives and Adverbs presently, enormous, arch, indistinguishable, devoid, ferocious, consistent, hideous, dandified, crafty, drilled, docile, brutish, villainous, irrevocable, steadfastly, woefully, hateful, namely 4.Noun Phrases the Nazi regime, racial domination, ferocious aggression, time immemorial, means of existence, primordial human joys, cataract of horrors, an attempted invasion, hearth and home 5.Verb Phrases make a favorable reference, round up, excel in, flash away, rid…off…, appeal to, engage in, subjugate…to…, count on, redouble exertions, revert to, 6.Other phrases the same is true of…, to the effect that, in due course, no more than, in vain, with rapidity and violence, on the threshold, it is not for me to speak of 7.Cultural Background Winston Churchill, WWII , Dominions, Commonwealth of Nations,

高级英语-1-答案-(外研社;第三版;张汉熙主编)

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 9 “A More Perfect

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责， 债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的， 执着的

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译everydayuseforyour

I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her. You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs. Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

LesｓｏｎOnｅ 1.And it iｓan actｉviｔｙｏnlｙｏf hｕmａns. And conｖersatｉon is an actｉvity fｏund onlｙaｍongｈｕmaｎbeinｇs. 2.Cｏnverｓａtｉｏn is not for maｋiｎg a point. Converｓation is noｔｆor pｅｒsuadiｎｇotheｒs to acceｐt our ｉdeas oｒpoｉnts oｆviｅwｓ. 3.Ｉn facｔ, the ｂｅst ｃonｖeｒsatiｏnalｉsts ａre thｏse wｈo ａｒe pｒepared tｏlｏｓｅ. Iｎfａｃｔ，pｅople whｏａｒe goｏd ａt convｅrsatｉｏn ｗｉll not argue to wiｎｏr foｒce others to accｅpｔhis iｄｅas. 4.Bａr frienｄs are nｏｔdｅeply iｎvolvｅd ｉｎｅach otｈer’s ｌives. Ｐeople ｗho meeｔeａｃｈoｔher ｆor a driｎkｉn the bａrｏｆａpub ａrｅｎoｔcｌose fri ｅnｄs foｒｔｈeｙarｅｎot deeｐｌy aｂsoｒbeｄin each othｅr’s privａte ｌives. 5.....it couｌｄstilｌgo ｉｇｎｏｒａntlｙoｎ... Theｃonｖeｒｓaｔiｏn ｃouldｇo on witｈout anybｏｄy knowing wｈo waｓright oｒwrong. 6.Tｈeｒe are cａttlｅinｔｈe fieｌds ，bｕｔwｅsｉtｄown tｏｂeｅf． Theｓe anｉmalｓａｒe calｌｅd cａttlｅwｈen ｔhｅy are alive and feed in the fieｌdｓ,but ｗhen ｗe sｉｔdoｗn ａtｔｈe table ｔｏｅaｔ,we calｌｔheir mｅet beef. 7.The ｎew ruling cｌａssｈａｄｂuilｔa ｃulｔuｒaｌbａrｒiｅｒａgainｓt him byｂuｉ lding ｔheiｒFreｎcｈagainsｔhiｓown langｕage. The nｅwｒuling class ｂy usｉｎg French instead of English made ｉt haｒdｆor tｈｅＥngｌish to ａcｃｅｐt oｒaｂsorb theｃulｔure of the rulers. 8.Eｎgｌish ｈad comｅroyalｌｙiｎｔo ｉts own. English receｉveｄproper reｃognｉtｉon aｎd was used by tｈe Ｋing onｃe ｍore. 9.The phｒａsｅｈas aｌwaｙｓbｅeｎｕｓｅd a ｌittle ｐeｊoratiｖelyａnd even fａcetioｕsly ｂｙthe loｗeｒclasｓｅs. The phrasｅ, tｈe Kiｎｇ’s Ｅnglisｈ，hａｓalways ｂeen used disrespｅｃtｆully and jokｉnｇly b ｙｔhe lowｅr classeｓ．(The ｗoｒkiｎg pｅoplｅｏftｅn mock tｈｅproper anｄformal laｎｇuage oｆthe educａted ｐeoｐle.) 10.The rebｅlｌioｎagａinst a cｕlturalｄoｍiｎanｃｅis stｉll tｈeｒｅ. As ｔｈｅearｌｙＳaxon ｐeaｓants , the workiｎg pｅoplｅｓtill haｖｅａspiｒiｔof opｐｏsiti ｏn toｔｈe culｔｕｒal aｕthｏｒｉty of the ｒｕling ｃlass. 11.Tｈereｉs always a ｇreａt danｇer that“ woｒｄs wiｌl ｈarｄenｉnto thingｓfor uｓ．“Theｒeｉs aｌｗays ａgreaｔdangｅr ，as Caｒlyle pｕt iｔ, that wｅmiｇｈt ｆorｇet tｈat woｒdｓare onｌy ｓymｂols and tａke tｈem fｏｒtｈingｓtheyａre ｓuｐpoｓｅd tｏrepｒesｅnt. a.Hoｗｅver ｉntricate tｈｅｗａｙｓin whicｈanｉmalｓｃommunicａte witｈeaｃｈｏｔｈer, they do not ｉｎdulge ｉnａnything thaｔdeservesｔｈe namｅoｆcoｎversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂,它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argｕmｅｎt ｍａy oｆten be a part oｆit, bｕt tｈe purｐose of the aｒguｍeｎt is ｎot to convince. Therｅis ｎo winning in coｎveｒｓａtion. 争论会经常出现于交谈中,但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhａps ｉt iｓbｅcauｓe ofｍy uｐbrｉnｇiｎg ｉｎEngｌish puｂs tｈaｔI think ｂar conversａｔｉｏn ｈaｓ a ｃharm ｏf its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(修订本)学习指南(Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” Ci

Unit 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest”City in Japan 一、词汇短语 1. reportorial [7repE5tC:riEl] adj. reporting报告的，报道的 2. preoccupation [pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn]n. an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是 如何养家糊口。 3. kimono [ki5mEunEu] n. a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a long loose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服 4. bob [bCb] vi. to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木 浮标在水中上下漂动 5. ritual [5ritjuEl] adj. of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典 礼的 n. old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许 多风俗、仪式都极其古老。 6. fa?ade [fE5sB:d] n. the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华 丽的正面 7. grocery [5^rEusEri] n. a store selling foodstuffs and various household supplies

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后翻译知识讲解

Unit1 1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。 6. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality. 词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后答案(2)

Lesson One 1.And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5.....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8.English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

高级英语第三版第一册课文翻译和词汇1-6

高级英语（第三版）第一册课文译文和词汇张汉熙版Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克 小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。 约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。这幢房子是1915年建造的。至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。" 老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。他对儿子的意见表示赞同。"我们是可以严加防卫。度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。约翰的父亲将一台小发电机搬到楼下门厅里.接上几个灯泡。并做好把发电机与电冰箱接通的准备。 那天下午，雨一直下个不停.乌云随着越来越猛的暴风从海湾上空席卷而来。全家早早地用晚餐。邻居中一个丈夫去了越南的妇女跑过来。问她和她的两个孩子是否能搬进柯夏克家躲避风灾：另一个准备向内陆带转移的邻居也跑来问柯夏克家能否替他照看一下他的狗。 不到七点钟，天就黑了.，狂风暴雨拍打着屋子。约翰让大儿子和大女儿上楼去取来被褥和枕头给几个小一点的孩子。他想把全家人都集中在同一层楼上。"不要靠近窗户!"他警告说，担心在飓风巾震破的玻璃碎片会飞来伤人。风凶猛地咆哮起来?屋子开始漏雨了……那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。一家人都操起拖把、毛巾、盆罐和水桶，展l开了一场排水战。到八点半钟，电没有了。柯夏克老爹便启动了小发电机。 飓风的咆哮声压倒了一切。房子摇晃着，起居室的天花板一块块掉下来。楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。积水已经漫到脚踝上了。 随后，前门开始从门框上脱落。约翰和查理用肩膀抵住¨，但一股水浪冲击过来。撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上。发电机泡在水里，电灯熄灭了。查理舔了舔嘴唇，对着约翰大喊道："这回可真是大难临头了。这水是成的。"海水已经漫到屋子跟前?积水仍不断上涨。 "都从后门到汽车上去!"约翰提高嗓门大叫道。"我们把孩子2们一个个递过去，数一数! 一共九个!"