TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记
TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记
编委：Maya
1. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air
pressure.
(A) more than difficult
(B) the most difficult of
(C) more difficult of
(D) most difficult
Key: B
分析：考点是形容词最高级，考察句型the most +adj. +of A(A中最…的一个),注意最高级前面要加定冠词the。
参考译文：氦气是所有气体中最难液化的，而且它在常压下是不可能固化的。
2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.
(A) businesses that sell
(B) selling businesses
(C) businesses sell
(D) that sell to businesses
Key: C
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子结构，句子缺主语中心词和谓语。
参考译文：每一年加拿大的企业把它75％的商品出口到美国。
3. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.
(A) to form the first
(B) the first to form
(C) who formed the first
(D) forming the first
Key: B
分析：考点是序数词结构，sb. be + the +序数词+ to do表示“某人是第几个做…的人”。参考译文：作为一个芭蕾舞女演员,也是一个改革者，AM第一个成立旅游公司的人。
4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _____ expands, causing the rocks to break
apart.
a) it
b) but
c) then
d) and
Key: A
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），通过分析，句子缺少主语，选A，用it指代water。参考译文：当水在岩石的裂缝里结冰时，它就膨胀，引起岩石分裂。
5. With x-ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects ___ even through solid
pieces of metal.
(A) however
(B) nevertheless
(C) or
(D) yet
Key: C
分析：考点是平行结构，考连接词。凡是由并列连词and, but, or等以及关联连词both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的部分必须对等。
参考译文：通过X射线显微镜，科学家能够透视活的昆虫或者是金属的固体块。
6. Dennis Chavez of New Mexico _____ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to
the Senate in 1938.
(A) when elected
(B) elected
(C) who was elected
(D) was elected
Key: D
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子的结构发现，句子缺谓语。“某人被选为…”
中的动词elect要用被动语态。
参考译文：新墨西哥的DC在1930年被选为众议员，在1938年被选为参议员。
7. _______ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the
land’s productivity.
(A) For concentration of salt
(B) Salt concentrations that
(C) If salt concentrations
(D) With concentrations of salt
Key: C
分析：考点是状语从句．逗号前后有两个分句，且前一个分句缺少主语，则空格处必须填上前一个分句的主语，又因为第二个分句前没有连接词，则第一个分句的空格处必须要有一个连接词。C中if引导条件状语从句。
参考译文：假若盐的集结物没有从土壤中滤去的话，就需要进行土壤改良的步骤，恢复土地的生产力。
8. ______ social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’enthusiasm more than the
expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None
Key: A
分析：考点是词语辨析，考察not, no, none的区别。
None是“没有一人”的意思，相当于no one, 要求一个单数动词和单数代词与之
相对应。用法是none of或者是none + does/did
Not是副词，
not a用于名词前，表示“一个也不；没有”。
not用于助动词、情态动词之后, 形成否定的句子。
not还可以用于代替整个短句，如Are you coming or not? 你来还是不来？
No可以作形容词和副词。作形容词的时候用在名词或者是代词前，如He is no fool.
他很精明；作副词的时候用在形容词前，如The sick man is no better.那病人一点
也没有好转。
参考译文：除了为到美国的移民扩展教育设施以外，没有其它的社会改革活动能够激起EW 的激情。
注：crusade：十字军东侵; (宗教性的)圣战; [喻]讨伐; 改革运动
crusade in favor of birth control节制生育运动
9. ______ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.
(A) In early
(B) As early
(C) Early
(D) Was as early
Key: B
分析：考点是固定搭配，逗号后为完整的句子，逗号前出现的时间状语2500 B.C可推知逗号前作时间状语。选B，as early…as表示“早在…的时候”
参考译文：早在公元前2500年，埃及人就使用高度擦亮的金属作镜子。
10. The quantum theory states ______, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny
definite units called quanta or photons.
(A) energy that
(B) that it is energy
(C) it is energy
(D) that energy
Key: D
分析：考点是宾语从句，逗号前的分句有主语theory，谓语state,逗号后有谓语is given off and absorbed，显然空格处应填上逗号前分句的宾语和逗号的后分句的主语。这个任务就
由宾语从句来完成。
参考译文：量子理论认为, 能源，如光，是在被称为量子或者是光子的极小的一定单元里被释放和吸收的。
11. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable _______ spring into full flight
instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
(A) they
(B) to their
(C) its
(D) them to
Key: D
分析：考点是固定搭配，enable是及物动词，用法是enable sb./sth. to do sth
参考译文：北美鹑有着极具特色的短圆翅膀，能使它们在隐蔽的住所被打扰时，就立刻起飞。
12. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ______.
(A) surface below the deep
(B) deep below the surface
(C) the deep below surface
(D) the deep surface below
Key: B
分析：考点是定语后置，句中空格应修饰其前的soil，正确的是B，B定语后置修饰soil，它的完整形式是which is deep below the surface.
参考译文：天然喷泉可以在河流或者是湖泊的附近找到，那里水从低于土壤表面很多的地方流出。
13. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws _____ the addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division of all numbers.
(A) govern
(B) that govern
(C) have governed
(D) which they govern
Key: B
分析：空格前已经有句子的主语Algebra，谓语generalizes，宾语laws，空格后又有名词。则空格处应填上定语从句的先行词和谓语来修饰laws。
参考译文：代数总结了所有数字的加法，减法，乘法和除法的基本法则。
14. Even at low levels,______
(A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead
(B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system
(C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system
(D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system
Key: C
分析：考点是语序以及动词的语态，空格处是句子的主句，考点是主句主谓宾的顺序。
参考译文：甚至在很低的水平内，铅都能造成对神经系统的危害.
15. _____ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.
(A) However the early gold prospector often lived
(B) The early gold prospector often lived
(C) Not only did the early gold prospector often live
(D) The early gold prospector often living
Key: B
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子可知，句子缺主语和谓语。注意C中的not only应该和but also搭配用在一句话里面。
参考译文：早期的金矿开采者常常过着一种孤独的，艰难的生活，远离住所和家庭。
16. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to cook
A B C at her famous Boston school.
D
Key: C
分析：考点是平行结构，and前后名词并列。
改正：to cook → cooking
参考译文：烹饪专家FF在她的著名的波斯顿学校教授营养学，厨房管理和厨艺。
17. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.
A B C D
Key: B
分析：考点是固定搭配，more…than是比较级形式，for应该换成与全面统一的on。
改正：for → on
参考译文：大象更多的依赖于它的嗅觉而不是其它感觉。
17. A few of the naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known
A B
mainly from laboratory-made samples.
C D
Key: A
分析：考点是副词和形容词的误用。
改正：naturally → natural
参考译文：一些自然元素的量是如此的少以至它们被认为主要是来自实验室制造的样品。
19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.
A B C D
Key: D
分析：考点是比较结构，/￥than在句中重复使用, 应该在higher后面.
more than + 倍数+ 形容词er形式( + than + something / 句子)
改正：than higher → higher than
参考译文：一些昆虫可以听到比人类可以听到的声音还要高两个八度的超音速声音
20. Because of its larger size, the United States House of Representatives is more
A B C impersonal, hierarchical, and specialization than the Senate.
D
Key: D
分析：考点是and引导的平行结构。
改正：specialization → special
参考译文：因为美国众议院更大的规模，所以它比参议院更客观，更层次话，更特别。
21. To stay warm in cold weather cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of
A B C warmth such as direct sunlight.
D
Key: B
分析：考点是代词单复数的误用。指代对象是animals
改正：itself → themselves
参考译文：为了在寒冷的天气里保持温暖，冷血动物必须让它们接触温暖的资源例如直接的太阳光。
22. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived the well-known
A B C
writer and lecturer Helen Keller of both her sight and her hearing.
D
Key: A
分析：考点是时间状语从句，where引导的定语从句不能修饰illness，改为when引导时间状语从句。illness作主语，deprived作谓语。
改正：where → when
参考译文：当她19个月大的时候一场严重的疾病夺去了这个著名的作家和演讲者的视力和听力。
23. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a
A
nonliving environment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water.
B C D
Key: D
分析：考点是平行结构。
改正：soiled → soil
参考译文：像所以的生态系统一样，森林是由有生命的环境和无生命的环境组成，后者包括空气，岩石，土壤和水。
24. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills,
A B
information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.
C D
Key: A
分析：考点是词性误用，形容词不能充当主语,并且of前后皆用名词。
改正：purposeful → purpose
参考译文：小学的目的就是教给孩子们能够高效适应社会的技能，信息和态度。
25. Notorious as a host for wheat rust, the barberry bush has been banned from many
A B C
area.
D
Key: D
分析：考点是平行结构，many ＋名词复数。
改正：area → areas
参考译文：作为锈病的宿主而臭名昭著，伏牛花灌木丛在很多地方都被禁止。
26. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television and film
A B C
productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
D
Key: D
分析：考点是介词用法，加上of表示从属关系，这个介词不能少。
改正：sides the → sides of the
参考译文：CP是一个在大西洋两岸的舞台，电视节目和电影里都很风光的加拿大演员。
27. A microphone enables musical tones to be amplified, thus making it possible the
A B C
gentle renditions of soft songs in large halls.
D
Key: C
分析：考点是固定搭配，make后面有两种用法。一种是make it +adj. + to do sth.,一种是make sth + adj.第二种情况下如果sth很长，就把它放在adj的后面，这是为了句子平衡而这样做的。本题就是第二种情况。
改正：去掉it
参考译文：麦克风能使音调增大，这样就能使在大厅中演奏的柔情的歌的温柔演唱成为可能。
28. The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend
A B
grammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights.
C D
Key: D
分析：考点是动词不定式，strive to 动词不定式后面接动词原形。
改正：expression → express
参考译文：”e.e. cummings”这首诗说明了一些诗人在他们试图表达自己的观点时屈服了语法规则。
29. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.
A B C D
Key: D
分析：考点是形容词和名词的误用。类似的用法还有deep，depth；long，length。
改正：high → height
参考译文：在野外，茶树在高度上大约是30英寸。
30. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant
A B C
financial (events).
D
Key: A
分析：考点是冠词用法，art是可数名词，所以前面应该有冠词修饰。
改正：as art → as an art
参考译文：会计被认为是一门分类，记录和报道主要的财经大事的艺术。
31. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.
A B C D
Key: C
分析：考点是动词和名词的误用，of前后都要接名词。
改正：invent → invention
参考译文：钟表的发展依赖于发条的发明。
32. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians who were forcible moved from their homeland in
A B
the 1830’s is remembered as the “Trail of Tears.”
C D
Key: B
分析：考点是形容词和副词的误用。
改正：forcible → forcibly
参考译文：在19世纪30年代，被强迫离开祖国的切罗基族印第安人的痛苦被纪念为“血泪的旅程”。(历史著作的统一翻译)
33. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants push
A B
themselves greatly hard.
C D
Key: D
分析：考点是词的误用，greatly是副词，一般后面修饰形容词，如He was greatly surprised. hard是副词，一般前面用too修饰表示程度很深。
改正：greatly → too/very
参考译文：如果参加体育锻炼的人过度锻炼的话，能使身体健康的运动也能导致令人担忧的大量的疾病。
34. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for
A B C
single-celled animals.
D
Key: A
分析：考点是固定搭配，A not B表示A非B。
改正：but → not
参考译文：对于单细胞的动物来说, 很多原生动物的结构而非行为是令人吃惊地复杂。
35. Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions, making
A B C highway maintenance difficulty.
D
Key: D
分析：考点是名词和形容词的误用。make sth. difficult
改正：difficulty → difficult
参考译文：阿拉斯加的恶劣的气候和地形把这个州分为孤独的一些区域，使得高速公路的维护变得很艰难。
36. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships,
A B C
icebergs or cliffs in foggy weather.
D
Key: C
分析：考点是词的误用．another+单数名词，other+复数名词。
改正：another → other
参考译文：几百年来，航海员依靠回声来警告他们自己在雾天避免其它的船只，冰山或者是悬崖。
37. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric system is not
A B C generally utilized in the United States.
D
Key: A
分析：考点是指人代词和指物代词的误用。主语为metric system , 应该用it 指代
改正：he is → it is
参考译文：尽管米制系统在科研和技术领域早已应用，但是在美国它的应用不是很普遍。
38. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated for its
A B C
smooth and beautiful tone.
D
Key: A
分析：考点是动词误用。made表示“制造”。
改正：did→ made
参考译文：原始的双簧管发出的是大声的刺耳的声音，而现代双簧管却以它流畅和美妙的声音而著称。
39. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, intriguing secret of the
A B C
planet are concealed.
D
Key: C
分析：考点是名词单数和复数的误用。句中的are提示应该用复数。
改正：secret → secrets
参考译文：在占地球表面积三分之二的深深的大洋下，这个星球的迷人的秘密还无人知道。
40. The pioneer John Chapman received the “Johnny Appleseed” because he planted
A B apple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
C D
Key: C
分析：考点是代词的误用。
改正：him his
参考译文：先锋JC得到了“Johnny Appleseed”这个绰号，是因为在他在旅行的如今的俄亥俄州，印地安那州和伊利诺斯州种植了苹果苗。
高等教育学-模拟练习题库-part1
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