2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷
(总分：156.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)
1.Mo Yan is______as one of China's most talented writers.（分数：
2.00）
A.acclaimed
B.claimed
C.blamed
D.studied
2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more ______ or more controversial than Margaret Mead.（分数：2.00）
A.imaginative
B.hard-working
C.celebrated
D.strong-minded
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,munication satellites transmit information more______than do ordinary shortwave radios.（分数：2.00）
A.conveniently
B.reliably
C.accessibly
D.concisely
4.______evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in many parts of this developing country.（分数：2.00）
A.Many
B.Little
C.Tentative
D.Mounting
5.______all living things have some way of getting from here to there.（分数：2.00）
A.Certainly
B.Virtually
C.Deplorably
D.Eventually
6.I______him that I would help him if he had any difficulty in carrying out the task.（分数：
2.00）
A.ensured
B.assured
C.guaranteed
D.vowed
7.It is dangerous to walk through a thick forest______a winter afternoon without a guide.（分数：2.00）
A.in
B.at
C.on
D.towards
8.At the end of the year all department stores______prices to encourage sales.（分数：2.00）
A.promote
B.produce
C.reduce
D.induce
9.The scholarship is open to all the students______race or sex.（分数：2.00）
A.regardless of
B.with regard to
C.in conformity to
D.according to
10.That company claimed that this new material can______water like a sponge.（分数：2.00）
A.suck
B.absorb
C.squeeze
D.drink
11.Although a recession is usually characterized by at least two consecutive quarters of______GDP, this is not a fixed rule.（分数：2.00）
A.falling
B.declining
C.fluctuating
D.impending
12.Forest fires frequently threaten human lives and cause great property damage to people______in southern California.（分数：2.00）
A.working
B.sleeping
C.dwelling
D.playing
13.Music and paintings can communicate one's______feelings and emotions when words fail to express them.（分数：2.00）
A.slightest
B.innermost
C.rarest
D.secret
14.All living creatures have to constantly______various changes in their environment in order to survive.（分数：2.00）
A.interfere with
B.react to
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,ply with
D.succumb to
15.Pregnant women are advised to take a______, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, while grains, legumes, and fish.（分数：2.00）
A.wholesome
B.gradual
C.well-cooked
D.delicious
16.Our Chinese tradition is quite different______we only want to defend our own country, not to invade other countries.（分数：2.00）
A.because
B.for
C.in that
D.that
17.China hosted the Olympic Games in 2008, thus______her dream to be recognized as one of the greatest nations in the world.（分数：2.00）
A.having realized
B.realizing
C.realized
D.to realize
18.Suddenly the donkey gave a loud bray. Thinking that the donkey______eat him, the tiger ran away hurriedly.（分数：2.00）
A.would
B.was going to
C.was about to
D.was to
19.Ancient Chang'an was seven times______the size of today's Xi'an city.（分数：2.00）
A.
B.as much as
C.that of
D.of
20.The reason why he didn't take the exam was______he had an accident on his way to the school.（分数：2.00）
A.because
B.because of
C.that
D.due to
21.If it______for his help, I wouldn't be a university student now.（分数：2.00）
A.hasn't been
B.hadn't been
C.wasn't
D.weren't
22.According to the weather forecast, it______this afternoon.（分数：2.00）
A.will rain
B.rains
C.is going to rain
D.is to rain
23.Neither John nor his roommates______in the dormitory yesterday evening.（分数：2.00）
A.was
B.were
C.has been
D.had been
24.Malaysian Airlines lost an airplane on March 8 last year, ______whereabouts still remains a mystery.（分数：2.00）
A.its
B.whose
C.their
D.the
25.______you need any further information, please do not hesitate to let me know.（分数：2.00）
A.would
B.should
C.will
D.shall
26.Since you have already come, you______stay here for a couple of days.（分数：2.00）
A.might well
B.might as well
C.might have to
D.might
27.She told her parents that she had decided to marry him, ______a prince or a pauper.（分数：
2.00）
A.if he was
B.were he
C.was he
D.be he
28.______you work hard enough______you be able to get a PhD degree in three years.（分数：2.00）
A.Only if, will
B.If only, would
C.Should, will
D.Unless, would
29.Hardly______the train______when the waiting crowd ran towards it.（分数：2.00）
A.did, arrive
B.has, arrived
C.had, arrived
D.was, arriving
30.The conference______next year will be an important event in the history of the country.（分数：2.00）
A.having been held
B.being held
C.to be held
D.held
二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)
To say that the child learns【C1】______imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every【C2】______he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to【C3】______is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn【C4】______a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do". Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a【C5】______response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain【C6】______. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason【C7】______what to do, he observes a【C8】______who seems able to get the right【C9】______. The child looks for a/an【C10】______or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at【C11】______in this situation. The child may be able to 【C12】______his immediate goal only to【C13】______that his method brings criticism【C14】
______people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is【C15】______emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to【C16】______any objective situation is overlaid【C17】______the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and【C18】______when his parents like his response. Then other adults【C19】______some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must【C20】______responses his social group approves.（分数：40.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
A.through
B.from
C.by
D.with
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
A.action
B.thing
C.situation
D.adult
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
A.learn
B.set
C.imply
D.follow
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
A.from
B.to
C.for
D.into
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
A.ready
B.immediate
C.good
D.reasonable
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
A.ends
B.purpose
C.intention
D.goal
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
A.up
B.for
C.through
D.out
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
A.student
B.example
C.model
D.child
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
A.effect
B.reward
C.result
D.outcome
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
A.professional
B.authority
C.specialist
D.teacher
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
A.working
B.work
C.the work
D.his
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
A.attain
B.find
C.acquire
D.grasp
(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
A.tell
B.get
C.find
D.realize
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
A.to
B.into
C.from
D.out of
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,rmed
B.asked
C.notified
D.told
(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）
A.solve
B.face
C.encounter
D.avoid
(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）
A.by
B.with
C.in
D.for
(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
A.like
B.love
C.consent
D.approval
(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
A.grant
B.appraise
C.reward
D.award
(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）
A.do
B.take
C.adopt
D.employ
三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)
One of the most important periods in Greed history was the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. , and lasted almost 200 years. It was during this time
in history that Greek ideas and Greek culture spread to Egypt and throughout the Near East. A Greek state even existed as far west as India. During the Hellenistic Age, there were great advances in such areas as philosophy, science, religion, art and social justice. Important discoveries were made in the sciences. Eratosthenes, for instance, made an accurate calculation of the diameter of the earth, while Aristarchus declared that the earth was round. Social reformers attempted to abolish debt and institute a program of land redistribution among the poor but met with little success. Women achieved a better social standing and among the middle class education became widespread. Peace of mind was the great concern of the philosophers of the Hellenistic Age. The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty. The Epicureans espoused the idea that moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain produced the desired result. The Cynics turned away from all desires and pleasures, and advocated a pursuit of virtue. In religion, many Greeks turned to the worship of such Egyptian gods as Serapis and Isis. During the Hellenistic Age, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, the Antigonids of Macedon and the Attalids of Pergamum, and it was their fighting against each other and among themselves that paved the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece and most of the Hellenistic world in the 100's B. C. The Romans brought the Hellenistic Age to
a close when they conquered the last major power, Egypt, in 30 B. C.（分数：10.00）
(1).What part did Alexander the Great play in the flowering of Greek culture during the Hellenistic Age?（分数：2.00）
A.It was his wisdom and power which aided its growth.
B.He helped especially in the area of science.
C.It was in social reforms that he contributed most.
D.He had no direct involvement whatsoever.
(2).Which statement about the Hellenistic Age is not correct?（分数：2.00）
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,nd redistribution was less than successful.
B.The social standing of women improved.
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,cation spread from the middle to the lower classes.
D.Attempts to abolish debt did not find great success.
(3).According to the passage, which statement is most likely?（分数：2.00）
A.A Cynic would seek a life a comfort and ease.
B.A Stoic would try to do what was expected of him.
C.An Epicurean would enjoy a hard fight.
D.A Stoic would attempt to triumph over nature.
(4).The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world was helped greatly by the______.（分数：2.00）
A.divisions existing among its political factions
B.inability of its philosophers to work together
C.conflict between its several religious groups
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,ck of agreement on its necessary social reforms
(5).The word "espouse" in the third paragraph of this passage probably means______.（分数：2.00）
A.propose
B.marry
C.support
D.reject
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents. If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week or "Boy. I can't wait to get back to work. " While all work and no play
is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives. The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you've been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren't turning out as you'd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice. If you find yourself resenting your job because you can't afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a "cyanide capsule". He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent bas such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If he's captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change. Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You're not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are here only because you want to be. At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren't. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.（分数：10.00）
(1).What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?（分数：2.00）
A.To extend the vacation as long as possible.
B.To gain a balance between work and play.
C.To go back to work as soon as possible.
D.To relax completely free from worry.
(2).It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because______.（分数：
2.00）
A.going to work is wasting their time
B.they can't feel fulfilled in their jobs
C.they are confined to the jobs tightly
D.pay seldom corresponds with work
(3).When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is______.（分数：2.00）
A.leaving a company and a good boss
B.reducing the family burden
C.giving up a stable income
D.drawing up a better plan for the future
(4).The author suggests that, by having a "cyanide capsule" at work, one will______.（分数：
2.00）
A.find a satisfactory job soon
B.be as brave as the hero in spy movies
C.be more tolerant with the present job
D.have the courage to give up the unbearable job
(5).You will change your attitude towards your job when______.（分数：2.00）
A.you are provided with the chance to choose
B.you are responsible for your present job
C.you get ready your up-to-date resume
D.you get what you need from your job
Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic idea of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional, it reaches
out and begins grasping various things, that the ideas of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very exactly. Soon it picks up language. And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now gives it up to the unreasonable conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days, no matter what vicissitudes(兴衰变迁)it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical ability in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak freely.（分数：10.00）
(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）
A.The impact(影响)of language on mathematics.
B.Children's ability to learn languages.
C.How basic ideas of physics are learned?
D.Maths-learning strategies(策略)for babies.
(2).According to the passage, which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?（分数：2.00）
A.Picking up a wooden block.
B.Recognizing the number
C.Saying a rubbish word.
D.Looking at a distant word.
(3).According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?（分数：2.00）
A.six months
B.nine months
C.fifteen months
D.eighteen months
(4).The use of the word "ominous" shows that the author believes the child's______.（分数：2.00）
A.linguistic future is threatened
B.nerves will deteriorate
C.hearing will suffer
D.mathematical ability will decline
(5).The author's attitude toward early childhood education can best be described as somewhat______.（分数：2.00）
A.indifferent
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,promising
C.indulgent
D.cynical
Discovered in the early 1800s and named ' nicotianine' , the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4, 700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions. In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer
in countries like the United States today. Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection
Agency(EPA)emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer. As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a nonsmoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to information in the text, leukemia and pneumonia______（分数：2.00）
A.are responsible for 84, 000 deaths each year.
B.are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.
C.are strongly linked to lung cancer.
D.result in 30 per cent of deaths per year.
(2).According to information in the text, intake of side-stream smoke______.（分数：2.00）
A.inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.
B.increase absorption of other smoke particles.
C.inhibits red blood cell formation.
D.promotes nicotine absorption.
(3).According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encourages（分数：2.00）
A.blood circulation through the body
B.activity of other toxins in the blood.
C.formation of blood clots.
D.an increase of platelets in the blood.
(4).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）
A.we can reduce deaths from cancer by 30% if no one smokes in the world
B.we can reduce deaths from lung cancer by 85% if no one smokes in the world
C.a non-smoker can reduce the risk of death from heart disease by 30% if he or she is able to avoid passive smoking
D.all of above
(5).The word "pneumonia" is a disease that has to do with______.（分数：2.00）
A.the heart
B.the lung
C.stomach
D.kidney
Biology may not be destiny, but genes apparently have a far greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought. Similarities ranging from phobias to hobbies to bodily gestures are being found in pairs of twins separated at birth. Professor Bouchard of the University of Minnesota reports that so far, exhaustive psychological tests and questionnaires have been completed with approximately 50 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 25 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart, and comparison groups of twins reared together. Studies show that twins rend to have similar mannerisms, gestures, speed and tempo in talking, habits and jokes. Many of the twins dressed in similar fashion. One pair had practically the same items in the toilet cases, including the same brand of cologne and a Swedish brand of toothpaste. Twins also tend to have similar hobbies and interests—a male pair had similar workshops in their basements and a female pair had
strikingly similar kitchen arrangements. Bouchard doesn't have enough information on abnormal behavior or psychopathology to make generalizations, but he has found repeated similarities. One pair of women were both very superstitious; another pair would burst into tears at the drop of a hat, and questioning revealed that both had done so since childhood. Overall the emerging findings of the study constitute a powerful rebuttal to those who maintain that environmental influences are primary shaping forces of personality. The textbooks are going to have to be rewritten, Bouchard predicts.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the passage, twins tend to have similar behavior______.（分数：2.00）
A.because they share the same experiences
B.because they have the same parents
C.if they are not reared together
D.no matter whether they are reared together or not
(2).In Bouchard's research, ______.（分数：2.00）
A.twins reared apart are studied but those reared together are not
B.twins reared apart are studied in comparison with those reared together
C.identical twins reared apart are studied in comparison with fraternal twins reared apart
D.identical twins reared apart are studied in comparison with fraternal twins reared together.
(3).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）
A.identical twins have the same parents while fraternal twins do not
B.identical twins are of the same sex while fraternal twins are not
C.there are a few differences between identical twins and fraternal twins in terms of behavior
D.twins have many similarities between twins in behavior no matter whether they are identical or fraternal
(4).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）
A.twins have many similarities because they inherited them from their parents
B.twins tend to be more superstitious than other people
C.twins reared apart tend to have similar mannerisms because they have the same education
D.twins have many similarities because of the genes they inherit from their parents
(5).Professor Bouchard seems to be convinced that______.（分数：2.00）
A.the existing theories about the shaping of personality are valid
B.the text books should be rewritten because they are out of date
C.one's environment is more important than his genes in the shaping of his personality
D.one's genes are more important than his environment in the shaping of his personality
四、English-Chinese Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
31.There is a theory among Occidentals that the Chinaman is inscrutable, full of secret thoughts, and impossible for us to understand. It may be that a greater experience of China would have brought me to share this opinion; but I could see nothing to support it during the time when I was working in that country. One of the most remarkable things about the Chinese is their power of securing the affection of foreigners. Almost all Europeans like China, both those who come only as tourists and those who live there for many years. In spite of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, I can recall hardly a single Englishman in the Far East who liked the Japanese as well as the Chinese. Those who have lived long among them tend to acquire their outlook and their standards. New arrivals are struck by obvious evils: the beggars, the terrible poverty, the prevalence of disease, the anarchy and corruption in politics. Every energetic Westerner feels at first a strong desire to reform these evils, and of course they ought to be reformed.（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
五、Chinese-English Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
32.明朝有一位伟大的地理学家叫徐霞客。徐霞客从小喜欢阅读历史、地理、探险、游记一类书籍，长大以后，他决心毕业从事旅行事业，去探寻祖国美好河山的奥秘。在母亲的支持下，徐霞客22岁那年，踏上了
游客的探险生活。徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他认真考察了各地的气候、地形和植物生长的情况，留下了中国古代最详细的气象观测记录。后来，他的日记手稿后来被整理成了《徐霞客游记》。这不仅是一本自然地理的百科全书和导游指南，还是一部明代末年普通百姓生活的生动的历史实录。（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
六、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
33.Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. Some people are worried that globalization is not good because it actually means Americanization. Other people think that we can all benefit from this process. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.（分数：2.00）
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华东师大考博辅导班：2019华东师大社会发展学院考博难度解析及经验分享
华东师大考博辅导班：2019华东师大社会发展学院考博难度解析及 经验分享 华东师范大学2019年我校采用申请考核、硕博连读、优秀本科应届推免生直接攻读博士学位（简称"直接攻博"）、普通招考四种方式招收博士研究生。采用申请考核招生方式的院系、专业、导师见专业目录：专业目录备注中标注有“招生方式为申请考核（或申请制）”的表明该院系、专业、导师以申请考核的方式招收博士研究生。硕博连读招生方式的生源对象为本校在读硕士研究生，具体选拔方式见我校研究生院培养处刊发的“华东师范大学2019年硕博连读研究生选拔通知（具体刊出时间见培养处相关通知）。”我校部分专业按专业招生，不按导师招生，详见专业目录中的备注说明。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于华东师范大学社会发展学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 华东师范大学社会学学科具有悠久的历史，自1913年以来，沪江大学、大夏大学前辈的开拓性贡献为我校社会学各学科打下了坚实的基础，华东师大社会学学科是历经百年发展的根基雄厚的学科，由吴泽霖、谢六逸、言心哲、胡焕庸、罗永麟等学科大师开创基业，建立了深厚的学术传统。1979年中国大陆恢复发展社会学，在中国社会学会顾问言心哲教授带领下，华东师范大学率先建立社会学教研室，1982年建立全国首批社会学硕士点，并相继建立了人口学、民俗学、人类学、社会工作专业学位硕士点（包括全日制和非全日制），以及人口学博士点。现为社会学一级学科博士点，下设社会学、人口学、民俗学、人类学、社会工作与社会政策五个博士点，并建有社会学一级学科博士后科研流动站，接受国内外访问学者，博士后研究人员，以及海外来华留学硕士生和博士生。目前，还与美国纽约大学、法国巴黎高师集团合作开展联合培养双博士学位项目。 2009年底，在原有社会学系，人口研究所基础上，整合我校民俗学、人类学研究力量，建立了社会发展学院，下设社会学系、社会工作系、人口研究所、民俗学研究所和人类学研究所五个基本单位，各专业得到均衡发展和有效管理。社会发展学院是教育部人文社科重点研究基地中国现代城市研究中心的主力单位之一，与纽约大学社会工作学院密切合作，在上海纽约大学建立了华东师范大学-纽约大学社会发展联合研究中心，下属的上海市社会科学创新研究基地（上海人口结构与发展趋势方向）是经教育部认定的省部级研究基地，社会学研究中心、社会调查中心、青少年与社会工作研究中心、华东师范大学?内蒙古大学民俗、
考博英语历年真题
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d718227370.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译C
Unit 17:
(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
华东师范大学大学英语选修课_英语阅读技巧教学大纲
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江南大学考博英语历年考题汇总附答案
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
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考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
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