科技英语翻译第一二章部分
1.1 翻译的标准
第1节翻译练习1
The power plant is the heart of a ship.
The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.
动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2
Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.
Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3
The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求
第4节翻译练习1
Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.
All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译）
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译）
The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译）
要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译）
第4节翻译练习2
The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.
The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）
太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译）
医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）
These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）
制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）
第4节翻译练习3
Cartography is the science of making maps.
Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.
制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译）
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译）
The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译）
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译）
第4节翻译练习4
Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.
The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.
几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
2.1 词义的选择
The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.
The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles.
In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.
锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词）
粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词）
地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词）
An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.
Her waist measures forty inches round.
电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）
她腰围40英寸。（副词）
第1节翻译练习2
Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.
Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.
To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.
Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。
科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。
有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia.
This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.
Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.
Plastics find wide application in our daily life.
大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.
滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）
通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申）
大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申）The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.
The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.
元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申）
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申）
随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申）
正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申）
The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.
Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.
At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.
The facts have been set down in black and white.
显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申）
目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）
居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申）
这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申）
2.3 词类的转换
第3节翻译练习1
Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.
What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.
We should get familiar with different systems of units.
每次取一个标本测定颜色。
可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。
我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。
These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design.
Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.
常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。
这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。
Various precautions have been taken against leakage.
Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.
Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.
This new model should appeal to potential buyers.
一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。
价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。
已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。
Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.
Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.
Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.
有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。
地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。
伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.
How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen
or air.
This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.
一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。
第3节翻译练习2
Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.
The metal casts well.
A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire.
几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。
这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。
There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.
Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.
Safety in a power plant is of great importance.
Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.
安全在电厂是非常重要的。
现代发报机大多采用固体电路。
有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。
润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。
E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.
These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.
Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.
这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。
《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。
直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.
由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。
2.4 词的增译
第4节翻译练习2
第4节翻译练习1
This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.
Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem--- weightlessness.
By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.
这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。
一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题——失重。
科学家们正通过最大限度地减小微观缺陷来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones. Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller. Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴星。
和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小、重量轻。
晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.
Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.
最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在该工厂里是不能检验的。
开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级上处理物质的能力。
冷轧可使操作工生产出精确度高、均匀度好的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度。
All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.
PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.
This method makes it easy to identify the various components.
在拟订模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。
这个方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。
个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以，进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。
第4节翻译练习2
It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.
Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.
Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.
据估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。
补块比原板的厚度大一号。
众多研究表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。
The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.
It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.
The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.
无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将可靠地工作。
药剂师正对毒性进行分析。
看来，建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。
Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.
频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。
辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。
采用参量放大器即可将噪音系数减小至最低限度。
In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.
Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.
There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.
如果没有足够的知识，就分不清标本是属蝶类还是蛾类。
有许多器件在受光照射时能产生电流，但不发生任何化学变化。
铅能被锤成很薄的薄片而不破裂。
2.5 词的省译
第5节翻译练习1
The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality. Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.
The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.
混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其质量差。
这种发动机成为内燃机。
肝炎不管是由何种病毒引起的，其症状均大同小异。
This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.
The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.
The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.
设计选择的关键在于考虑增益、噪音系数等等。
这个关键性的逆差来源于三个始终互相影响的因素。
碳转变成石墨时，其性质也发生了变化。
Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.
If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.
The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments.
分裂一重元素的原子核，会释放出很大的能量。
温度高达700摄氏度，表面氧化便成为关键问题。
酶的发现很重要，因为它推动了一系列试验的进行。
Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.
This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.
There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed.
金属有电流通过时，除了金属可能变热外没有什么显著变化。
温度升高了，结果元件出了故障。
这个设备是许多先进系统不可缺少的一部分。
If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.
There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.
如果能利用的冷却水不多，则柴油发动机可以成为极好的发电10000千伏安以下的原动机。
水管被东西堵住，水流不出去。
2.6 重复法
第6节翻译练习1
The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.
The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.
The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.
气体的性质与液体的性质大不相同。（重复名词）
气体三定律不但适用于空气，也适用于所有气体。（重复动词）
铜的电阻不像铁的电阻那样大。（重复名词）
Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.
Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.物质不仅形态改变而且体积也改变。（重复动词）
连续资料可以用分数表示，也可以用整数表示。（重复动词）
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料] 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 Unit 1 Translation Practice II. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese: 1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 4. linear reasoning 直线推理 5. circular reasoning 循环推理 6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 7. dominant strategy 支配性策略 8. optimal result 最优化结果 9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish: 1. 完全博弈 pure conflict 2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation 3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma 5. 长远性损失 long-run loss 6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy 7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves 8. (网球)斜线球或底线球 hita passing shot cross-court or down the line 9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试A卷参考答案 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.所谓翻译就是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程，是通过译 者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 A. 形式/内容 B. 增译/省译 C. 转换/交流 D. 直译/意译 2.著名的“信达雅”三字翻译标准是清末启蒙思想家严复所提出的。 A. 玄奘 B. 严复 C. 傅雷 D. 钱钟书 3.翻译中所谓的“忠实”，首先是指忠实于原文的内容。 A. 原文 B. 译文 C. 原语 D. 译语 4.信息科技英语的翻译标准应该是：准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰。 A. 忠实、通顺 B. 意美、形美、音美 C. 传神、化境 D. 准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰 5.信息科技英语翻译中所谓的准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 A. 信息 B. 意义 C. 风格 D. 思想 6.要做好科技英语的翻译工作，通常要求译者具有较高的英语水平、汉语水平、科技知识水平和翻译 理论水平。 A. 口头表达能力 B. 书面表达水平 C. 英语水平 D. 思维能力 7.信息科技英语文体的特点是第三人称多，被动语态多，专业名词、术语多，非谓语动词多，长句子 多。 A. 第一人称 B. 第二人称 C. 第三人称 D. 三种人称 8.信息科技英语翻译中直译法是最常见的译法之一。 A. 直译法 B. 意译法 C. 合译法 D. 分译法 9.英语中的同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系， 以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 A. 词语 B. 词汇 C. 词序 D. 词义 10.所谓增译就是在译文中添加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有其意的词语。 A. 省译 B. 增译 C. 顺译 D. 倒译 二、是非题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同，有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译。（是） 2.英语中有大量动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词，均不可以转译为汉语的动词。（非） 3.英语定冠词the表示某一类特定的人或事物中的“某一个”，不可译为“该”、“这个/种”、“那个/种” 等。（非） 4.在代词的翻译中，所谓互换，就是将英语原文句子中的名词（即先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在 翻译时进行相互换为。（是） 5.信息科技英语中理解和翻译数词本身并不难，但当数字在句子中表示各种概念时，要理解和翻译一 些数量概念的句型结构时可能就会遇到困难，甚至有时出现误解、误译等现象。（是） 6.大多数作前置定语和少数作后置定语的形容词以及表语形容词，在翻译时一般可以直接译出，即译 为汉语的定语“的”字结构，也可省略“的”字。（是） 7.当英语的动词转译成汉语的名词时，修饰该英语动词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。（非） 8.英语介词在古英语中属于动词，因此在翻译时可将英语介词译为汉语动词。（是） 9.英语的连词从形式上可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。（非） 10.英语动词有限定性动词与非限定性动词之分，而不定式、动名词和分词三种限定性动词在科技英语 翻译中应引起我们高度重视。（非） 三、句子英汉翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 2.After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。 3.The longest light waves we can see are red, the shortest violet, and in between are other colors. 可见光波中最长的是红色，最短的光波是紫色，其他颜色的光波介于这二者之间。 4.Both pumps offer excellent metering performance, high vacuum lift, dry priming capability and no possibility of back-flow. 两类泵还具有良好的计量、高真空提升、干启动以及防回吸等功能。 5.Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学上它就变得活泼了。
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
科技英语翻译(1)
邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.