book8unit3词汇

选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Reading

1. call up 给…打电话；唤起，使想起

He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。

If you want my help，just call up.

The old photo calls up memories of my childhood.

Music can call up people’s feelings and experiences.

联想拓展

call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)

call for 要求;提倡;为…叫喊

call in 召集;召来;来访

call off 取消；延期

call on ...to do号召…做

This is the work that calls for patience.

Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.

He had to call off the meeting because of the bad weather.

I’ll call on him tomorrow, do you want to visit him with me?

The government then called in troops to deal with the disturbances.

2. now and then时而，不时，偶尔

Now and then/again,we heard shots in the woods.

相关短语：

from time to time 有时；不时

(every) now and again 时而；不时

3. seem

1) seem +to be +形容词/名词/介词短语/分词

Something seemed to be wrong with him.

You seemed to be in a great hurry.

The first memories seemed to be connected with work.

He seemed to be a good leader.

2) seem 构成的句式:

It seems that...

It seems as if/ as though...

There seems (to be )….

It seems that everyone was satisfied.

It seems as if you are the first one here.

There seems (to be) no reason for believing him.

4. distinguish vt. & vi. 1) 辨别; 辨认

I can’t distinguish the twins for they are so alike.我分不清这对双胞胎，因为他们太像了。

I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。

2) （常与from, between连用）；区别，区分

distinguish A from B 辨别A与B

distinguish A from B 把A与B加以分开

distinguish between A and B 辨别A和B

Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？

Children should be taught to distinguish right from wrong. 应当教育孩子分辨是非。

3) distinguish oneself 使出众，使著名，引人注目，出名

The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom. 这个人因他的才智而扬名。

He distinguished himself by bravery. 他以勇猛出名。

Yao Ming has already distinguished himself as an athlete. 作为运动员姚明已享有盛名。

5. set about sth./doing sth. (不用于被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事

I don’t know how to set about this job.

I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。

The new government must set about finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.

新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

set out出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作to do

6. abruptly adv. 突然地，唐突地,意外地，比suddenly的意外程度强。

abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的

The road is full of abrupt turns. 这路有很多急转弯。

The meeting came to an abrupt end. 这会议突然结束了。

They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。

7. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的；就近的

be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便

It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便

We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.

Come and see me whenever it’s convenient to you. (无论你何时方便).

Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。

convenience n．方便，便利

at one’s convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地方

convenience food方便食品

convenience store 便利店

for convenience为了方便

Come by to pick me up at your convenience. 在你方便的时候，请来接我。

But once picked up, they tried to bite me.但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。

once作为连接词引导时间状语从句时，后面可接现在分词或过去分词。

Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.

Once talking with him, you'll find him an easygoing man.

once 引导的从句中，要用一般时代替将来时。

Once you have grasped English, you'll be easy to get a well－paid job.

一旦你掌握了英语，你就会很容易找到一份报酬很高的工作。(现在完成时代替将来完成时) ②Once he arrives, we can start.他一到我们就可以开始。(一般现在时代替一般将来时)

8. expectation n. 预料；期待；期望

in the expectation that… 预料着，指望着

in expectation of 预料着，指望着

beyond expectation 出乎意料

against / contrary to all expectations 与预料相反，出乎意料

come/live up to one’s expectations 不负(某人)所望

meet the expectation 不负众望

He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。

I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn’t come up to my expectations.

我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。

9. seize

vt. 抓住，捉住；占据，（指强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）；夺取某物，占领某地seize sth.突然抓住

seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂

seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机

be seized with被……侵扰；患/得(病)

seize power夺取政权

seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用

She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。

I must seize the day, seize the hour我必须只争朝夕。

His father asked him to seize the chance to make some money(抓住时机赚一些钱).

Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。

We were seized (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.

He was seized with a slight attack of fever. 他有一点发烧。

The enemy seized the town after a violent attack.敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。

The critics seized on(抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.

in case“以防，万一”，后可接从句，也可置于句末。

(1) conj.在……的情况下，万一……的话；以防，免得；in case后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态，偶尔也用should＋v.。

In case anything important happens，please call me up.万一发生什么重要的事情，请打电话给我。

Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。

(2)adv.以防万一，免得

You’d better carry some money in case.你最好带些钱，以防万一。

It may rain.You’d better take your umbrella in case.天可能下雨，你最好带上伞以防万一。

(1)in case of 在……情形时，万一，以防……(后接名词或代词)

In case of fire，ring the bell.万一发生火灾，请按铃。

I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain.我将随身带件雨衣以防下雨。

in this case 如果这样的话

in that case 如果那样的话

in any case 无论如何

in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)

Learning about language

freezing

1. mess n. 杂乱,脏乱

v. 无所事事, 混日子,胡闹

There is a lot of mess to clear up.

This room is in mess.

Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened .

.The workman cleared up the mess before he left.

be in a mess 乱七八糟

get in a mess 陷入困境

make a mess of 打乱，（把…）弄得很乱

mess about (around) 胡闹，胡混

mess up 弄乱，弄脏

Don’t mess about/around(别乱闹了), come and help us.

The children made a mess of the room.(把房间弄得凌乱不堪)

The room is in a mess.(杂乱不堪)

2. bea r (bore，borne)vt.

(1) 负担，承担

I doubt if that chair will bear your weight. 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。

Who will bear the responsibility/expense? 谁要负担这责任/费用呢？

(2) 忍受，忍耐

He can’t bear being laughed at.他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。

(3) bear sth.in mind牢记

You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.

你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

Using language

He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: “Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”

他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的一名话是: “偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”

1. beaten track被踩出来的路；常规惯例

Sometimes it’s unnecessary to leave the beaten track.

keep track of 与…保持联系；了解…的动态

lose track of 与…失去联系；不了解…的动态

2. woods原指“森林”，在这里有“险境，困境”的意思。

out of the woods 表示“脱离麻烦或困难”。如：

The situation is improving, but we are not out of the woods yet. 情况正在改善，但我们还没有摆脱困境。

3. every time用作连词时，引导的是时间状语从句

Every time I listen to your advice,I will get into trouble.

I’ll think of it every time I listen to music.

可以用作从属连词的短语有：

由“不定代词+time”each time,every time,any time

介词+the time at the time(在…时候)by the time（到…为止）

序数词、形容词+ time the first time,last time,next time

the+瞬间名词the moment,the instant,the minute,the second（一…就）

the+时间名词the day,the week,the autumn ,the month,the year,

副词做连词immediately,directly,instantly

1.I loved Golden Gate Bridge the first time I saw it.

2.I told him that I wanted to team up with him last time I meet him.

3.The moment I got home It began to rain.

4.I will ring you up next time I hire a cook.

Every time I sees him, the old man is sitting in the same chair.

4. diver into迅速把手伸入，跳入；钻研

She dived into her bag and took out a couple of coins.

The diver dived into the pool from the high diving board.

She has been diving into the Chinese literature.

5. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.突然间, 他灵光闪现。

a flash of inspiration 指“灵感的闪现”

inspiration n〔C〕鼓舞或激励的人或事物

These events provided the inspiration for her first book. 这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。

v. 激励；鼓励inspire

adj. 借助于灵感创作的inspired

adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的inspiring

6. current

(1) n. 气流; 水流, 洋流; 电流

The current is strongest in the middle of the river．河中央的水流最急。

This button switches the current on．这个电钮接通电流。

(2) adj. 时下的, 当今的, 流行的, 通用的

Most of the old are interested in current events．大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。

They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year．他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。The word is no longer in current use.这个词已不再使用。

currency n. 通货，货币

currently adv. 目前；当前；时下

at present (=at the present time) 目前，现在

7. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.

(四面体)十分稳定牢固, 在桥梁设计领域的价值难以估量。

Stable 稳固的；稳定的；安定的

The patient’s condition is stable.

The ladder doesn’t seem very stabl e.

a stable relationship

We need a stable government.

8. associate vt. 联想，联系

associate A with B 把A和B联系在一起；由A联想到B

be associated with... 和……有关

associate with sb. 与某人交往或常打交道

I’ve never associated you with this place.我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。

I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mckey’s project.我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。

In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.

在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。

Her parents didn’t like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。

I don’t like these young men you’re a ssociating with.我不喜欢你结交的这些年青人。

9. practical实际的; 实践的; 实用的

I want some practical advice.我想要些实际性的建议。

It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.

我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。

The dictionary is very practical.这本词典非常实用。

10.hang on =hold on

（打电话时）不挂断The line was engaged and the operator asked if I’d like to hang on.紧紧握住Hang on!The bus is about to start.

11. out of order

1)not working correctly（机器或设备）发生故障，坏了，不能工作

The phone is out of order.

2) .not arranged correctly or neatly安排不当，不整洁

T he meeting room is out of order.We’d better clean it.

3).behaving in a way that is not acceptable or rignt行为不当，不妥当

You were well out of order taking it without asking.

in order 正常，妥当，适宜

12.get through

1) get through sth完成，处理；消耗掉，用完，耗尽

She’s got t hrough a lot of work.她完成了许多工作。

We got through a fortune while we were in New York.

2) get through (sth)通过

He got through his final exams easily. 他轻易地通过了期末考试。

3) get through (to sb)（用电话）打通，接通，联系上；到达（某人处）

I called all day，but I just couldn’t get through.我打了一天的电话，可就是打不通。At last I managed to get through to one of the managers.

The message got through to us at last. 这条消息终于送到了我们这儿。

13.ring back回复电话

ring off 挂断电话（=hang up）

ring sb. up 给某人打电话

call sb. up 给某人打电话