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(完整版)十天突破雅思写作基础短语和短句式

(完整版)十天突破雅思写作基础短语和短句式
(完整版)十天突破雅思写作基础短语和短句式

Day 6(上)IELTS写作的34个通用基础短语和短句式

前进类(用来论证advantage好的方面)

1.benefit from 从……当中获益

例句:Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other language subsequently will be easier from them.(剑9例句)

详解:【注意】上面这个短语与is beneficial to……(对…有益)的主语和宾语位置正好相反,而且地道英文中有时还可以把它们放在文章的不同位置交替使用,以实现句式多样化。

【反义】suffer from…遭受……

【反义】be damaged by…被……破坏

2. invest in 对…投资

例句:In many countries, employees are encouraged to invest in private pension (养老金)plans. 详解:【近义】fund sth.

例句:This affordability is further enhanced by the use of credit cards and loans in order to fund travel, especially for holiday purposes.(剑8例句)

【对比】be seriously underfunded资金严重不足的

【相关】impose a high tax on sth. 对某事物征收重税,例句:为了促进公民的健康有一些欧洲国家have imposed a high tax on junk food, 俗称“肥胖税”(fat tax)

例句:As well as physical activity, high tax penalties (n.处罚)could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.(剑9例句)

3. promote creativity / environmental awareness / healthy lifestyles /gender equality / cultural diversity / economic growth / sustainable development / healthy competition 促进创造力/环境意识/健康的生活方式/性别平等/文化的多样性/经济增长/可持续发展/良性的竞争例句:(i) Although the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries (美术馆,画廊),it has done little to promote the development of healthcare services.

(ii) Healthy life balance and exercise are strongly promoted by the NHS(英国的国家医疗服务体系).(剑9例句)

详解:【相关】stimulate creativity / imagination / economic growth 激发创造力/ 激发想象力/ 刺激经济发展

【反义】hinder the development of …阻碍某事物的发展

【反义】is / are counterproductive 对达成目标具有阻碍作用

4.enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of …提高某事物的效率和效用(如果只是需要讨论效率或者只是需要讨论效用,则可以从efficiency 和effectiveness 里选择对应的一个)例句:The main question about distance education is whether it enhances the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning.

详解:【相关】boost productivity 提高生产率

【反义】reduce efficiency (or productivity) 降低效率(或生产率)

5. have access to…能够获取或者使用某种资源(或工具)

例句:The learning process can be significantly richer if students have access to a wide variety of (各种各样的)information and support.

详解:【相关】give someone access to something 让某人能够去获取或使用某种资源

例句:Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.(剑桥例句) 【反义】deny ab. access to something 让某人无法获取或使用某种资源

6.enrich someone’s learning(or work / cultural / artistic / life)experience 丰富某人的学习(或者工作的/ 文化的/ 艺术的/ 生活的)体验

例句:Working for a period before going to university can enrich their life experience and make them more independent.

详解:【相关】improve their social skills 提高他们的社会交往能力

【相关】gain practical experience 获得实践的经验

7. is / are responsible for something (or doing something )有去从事某事的责任或者应对某事负责

例句: (i) Parents are responsible for teaching their children right from wrong (教他们的孩子分辨是非)

(ii) Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are responsible for this. (剑桥例句)

详解:【反义】be exempt from doing sth. 被免除某种责任,比如You are exempt from taking IELTS. 不过当然这是不可能的。

8. help sb. to release stress and tension 帮助某人(例如)students / workers / employees /us )释放压力和紧张情绪

例句:The programme is designed to help people to release stress and tension caused by work or lifestyle-related activities.

详解:【相关】leisure time 休闲时间

例句:Today’s sedentary lifestyle(缺乏运动的生活方式)and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time.(剑9例句)

【相关】leisure activities休闲活动

【反义】increase(或者raise)their stress levels 导致他们/她们的压力变得更大

9.is / are both educational and entertaining 既具有教育性又具有娱乐性,寓教于乐的

例句:Many museums offer a wide range of (广泛的)activities that are both educational and entertaining.

详解:【相关】be informative and entertaining 既含有大量信息又具有娱乐性的【对比】is repetitive and boring (学习任务或者工作任务等)既重复又乏味的

例句:Some jobs are repetitive (重复性的)and boring, and labour relations may be poor.(剑桥例句)

10. create employment opportunities创造就业机会

例句:International tourism can create employment opportunities. On the other hand ,it may damage the cultural heritage of a nation.

详解:【近义】create jobs 创造就业

【反义】reduce employment opportunities / lead to job losses 减少就业机会

11. increase someone’s employability 提高某人的就业适应性

例句:Skills gained through compulsory work will not only be an asset (我们在Day3学过:履历或者技能等方面的“闪光点”)on their CV(个人简历)but also increase their employability.(剑9例句)

详解:【近义】make someone more employable 让某人更好地适应就业

【近义】improve someone’s employability skills / improve someone’s employment skills 增加他们的就业技能

【反义】lack employability skills 缺乏就业技能

12.relieve the burden on sb. (or poverty / traffic congestion / anxiety / pressure )减轻某人的负担(或者减轻贫困/ 交通拥挤/ 焦虑/压力)

例句:Part-time jobs help students to relieve the financial burden on their parents.

详解:【近义】ease the burden on sb. (or poverty / traffic congestion / anxiety pressure )减轻某人的负担(或者减轻贫困/ 交通拥挤/ 焦虑/压力等),形容词easy 您一定认识,

而ease 作为及物动词则是一个标准的写作词汇

【对比】impose a heavy burden on someone 给某人带来沉重的负担

【对比】put pressure or …给某一体系、某种资源或者某人带来压力

13.fulfil someone’s potential 充分发挥某人的潜力

例句:Employees may feel they cannot fulfil their professional(职业的)potential when their work is not valued by their employers(剑桥例句).

详解:【近义】achieve someone’s full potential充分实现某人的潜力

【相关】ensure equal opportunities for all students(or all employees / all applicants)确保全体学生(或者全体员工/ 所有申请者)都获得相同的机会

14. reduce people’s dependence on sth. 减少人们对某事物的依赖程度

例句:Improving public transport services can help to reduce people’s dependence on private cars. 详解:【相关】reduce the use of…减少对于某事物的使用

【反义】be over-reliant on sth. 过度地依赖某事物

15. provide a solid foundation for…为某种积极的发展打下良好的基础

例句:The practical knowledge gained through these experiences provides a solid foundation for their future careers.

详解:【近义】lay the groundwork for…为某种积极发展打好基础

【相关】pave the way for…某事物的发展铺平道路

【反义】is / are ill-prepared for …对某事物准备得并不充分,请注意这个短语并不是说像很多“烤鸭”一样急火攻心累病了。例如:are ill-prepared for the challenges of

adult life

16.provide someone with a wide variety of choices / information / opportunities 为某人提供很广泛的选择/ 很多样的信息/ 多种机会

例句:Modern food production technology provides customers with a wide variety of food choices.

详解:【相关】offer people a wide variety of choices 为人们提供广泛的选择(特别提示:provide

sb. with sth. 这个固定短语里面的介词with 不要省略,而offer sb. sth. 这个短

语里面却正好没有with,加了with 反而是错的)

【对比】limit people’s choices 限制人们的选择

17.raise (or increase ) people’s awareness of …提高人们在某方面的意识

例句:Their aim is to raise people’s awareness of environmental issues(环境问题)and to encourage them to adopt more environmentally-friendly lifestyles.

详解:【近义】educate the public to …教育公众去…

例句:Long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems. (剑8例句)

【近义】encourage public participation in …鼓励公众对……的参与

【反义】be indifferent to something 对于某事物漠不关心的

例句:Many consumers are indifferent to environmental issues.

18.strengthen family bonds增进亲情

例句:Preparing and enjoying meals together is a good way for family members to strengthen the bonds between them.

详解:【相关】build community connections 增进社区成员间的联系

【对比】weaken family bonds 弱化亲情联系

19. lower(or reduce)the crime rate 降低犯罪率(注意这个短语里的lower并不是作形容

词,而是作及物动词,指降低某事物的发生率)

例句:It could also possibly reduce the crime level in the high school age group.(剑9例句)

详解:【相关】prevent crime 预防犯罪(动宾短语)

【相关】crime prevention 对犯罪的预防(名词短语)

【相关】reform criminals 改造罪犯

倒退类(用来论证disadvantage消极的方面)

1.damage the environment (or someone’s health / someone’s self-confidence)破坏环境(或破坏

某人的健康/ 打击某人的自信)

例句:A regular diet of fast food can damage children’s health.

详解:【相关】is damaging to…对某事物有害

例句:Some people think having school experience at a young age may be damaging to a child’s development.(剑桥例句)

【区分】国内同学们在IELTS作文里经常混淆damage 和destroy 这两个词,其实它们的区别很明确:damage sth. 是常规意义上的破坏,如果及时采取措施就仍然有可能去改变或者减轻这种破坏所带来的影响。而destroy sth. 则强烈地暗示该破坏已经到了beyond repair 的程度,无法再减轻或者修复了。比如说某种情况damage air quality ,它也许会导致PM2.5数值较高。但如果说某种情况destroy air quality,基本就要戴贩毒面具才能出门儿了。又比如你看到报纸上报导一座历史建筑被damaged,那么你可能会在这栋建筑里找到“×××到此一游”之类的不雅留言或者在墙上找到一些cracks(裂缝),但是如果你看到新闻里说一栋历史建筑被destroyed,那么你就只能通过照片区永久地怀念它了(拆毁建筑还有个特定写法叫demolish a building,咱们在Day3里已经学过了)。

2.cause anxiety (or stress / misunderstanding / resentment / climate change / traffic accidents /

safety concerns) 导致焦虑(或者压力/ 误解/ 怨恨/ 气候变化/ 交通事故/ 关于安全的担忧)

例句:Many scientists believe that global warming is mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions (名词短语,对于温室效应气体的排放)from energy production,transport,industry and agriculture.

详解:【相关】result in …导致某种结果(动词短语)

【对比】prevent sth. 防止某事物的发生

【对比】prevent sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事

例句:Any kind of spare time charity work will prevent them from sitting and doing nothing.(剑9例句)

3.face fierce competition面对激烈的竞争(这个短语里的face 是及物动词,如果非要写得

更难则是be confronted with fierce competition)

例句:Fierce competition between companies means that consumers are better informed about the environmental impact of the products that they buy.

详解:【相关】…is increasingly competitive. (某一领域)竞争越来越激烈

【对比】depend on co-operation and communication要依靠合作与交流

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d98765413.html,ck practical experience (or social skills / motivation / team spirit / a sense of community

/funding /equal opportunities)缺乏实践经验(或者社会交往技能/ 动力/ 团队精神/ 社区感/ 资助/ 平等的机会),请注意在这些短语里lack 都是作及物动词

例句:Some employees lack the social skills needed to co-operate with their co-workers.(请注意这句话里lack the social skills 后面使用了过去分词短语作为后置定语,修饰social skills)详解:【注意】lack 作动词时它的后面直接跟宾语,它和宾语之间不要使用任何介词;而当lack 作名词时它和宾语之间则通常都要使用介词of。

例句:Those who believe teenagers are the happiest people cite their lack of responsibilities as a significant factor.(剑9例句)

【反义】possess the skills needed to do sth. 拥有从事某种任务的技能

例句:Many school are eager to hire employees who possess the organizational skills needed to complete the duties associated with teaching.

5.restrict someone’s creativity / someone’s imagination / someone’s freedom / the development

of something 限制创造力(或者想象力/ 某人的自由/ 某事物的发展)

例句:They argue that school uniforms (校服)restrict students’ creativity and freedom of choice. 详解:【反义】encourage creativity鼓励创造力的发展

【反义】offer sb. greater freedom 给某人更大的自由

【反义】promote the development of…促进某种事物的发展

【比较】satisfy sb’s curiosity 满足……的好奇心

6.find something frustrating 对某事物产生挫折感,感到很泄气

例句:Students will not commit themselves to learning if they find their school experience frustrating.

详解:【反义】find sth. stimulating 感到某事物很能激发自己的兴趣

【反义】find sth. motivating 感到某事物能够给人动力

【反义】find sth rewarding 感到某事物很有回报

【语法】这四个短语里sth. 后面的形容词都是作宾补,参见p.80,请记住find sth. +形容词这个有用的结构。You’ll find it very helpful.

例句:(i) Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists.(剑桥金句)(ii)Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to readapt to (重新去适应) an academic environment.(剑桥例句)

7.is / are treated unfairly 受到不公正的对待

例句:Employment discrimination occurs when job applicants and employees are treated unfairly based on their race, gender or age.

详解:【反义】is / are treated fairly and with respect 被平等对待并且得到尊重(请注意不要漏掉介词with)

【反义】have equal opportunities 拥有平等的机会

8.widen the gap between the rich and the poor 加大贫富差距(地道英文里也经常简单地写成

widen the gap between rich and poor )

例句:The range of technology available to individuals is widening the gap between the rich and the poor rather than narrowing it (请注意narrow 在这里是作及物动词)

详解:【同类】widen the gap between rich countries and poor countries加大富国与穷国之间的差距

【反义】narrow the gap between rich and poor 缩小贫富差距

9.lead (or follow ) an unhealthy (或者sedentary / extravagant ) lifestyle 过不健康(或缺乏运

动的/ 奢华的)的生活方式

例句:(i) People who lead an unhealthy lifestyle are at increased risk of (有更大的风险)developing heart disease,hypertension(高血压)and diabetes(糖尿病).

(ii)Today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time(休闲时间).(剑9例句)

详解:【相关】damage someone’s health 破坏人们的健康

例句:A regular diet of fast food can seriously damage children’s health.

【相关】have an unhealthy diet 保持不健康的饮食结构

【对比】have a healthy and balanced diet保持健康均衡的饮食结构

【对比】exercise regularly经常进行锻炼(动词短语)

【对比】limit TV viewing 控制看电视的时间(动宾短语)

10.reduce face-to-face communication(the Internet 互联网,social networking websites 社交

网站,mobile phones 手机等)减少面对面的交流

例句:Internet use reduces face-to-face communication with friends and family, as well as time spent outside the home.

详解:【相关】discourage real interaction 抑制真正意义上的沟通(动宾短语)【相关】cause social isolation 导致脱离社会的生活方式(动宾短语)

【对比】allow users to share interests, ideas and activities 让用户可以分享兴趣爱好、想法与活动

11.glorify violence 美化暴力(及物动词glorify的后面通常跟暴力、犯罪、反社会行为等,

常用于网络、电子游戏或媒体类话题)

例句:Frequent exposure to films and video games that glorify violence encourages children to behave aggressively(有攻击性地).

详解:【近义】glorify crime and anti-social behaviour (主语是电影、电视节目、电子游戏等)美化犯罪和反社会行为

【相关】is / are addicted to violent games 对暴力的游戏上瘾(名词短语Internet addiction 和video game addiction 则是分别指网瘾和电玩瘾)

【相关】be exposed to violence or sexual images (主语是人物)接触到暴力或者色情画面

【反义】control violent content in entertainment media(主语是政府)控制娱乐媒体中的暴力内容

12.violate the law / sb.’s rights / sb.’s privacy 违反法律/ 侵犯某人的权利/ 侵犯某人的隐私

例句:They argue that community service (社区服务)is not a sufficient (充分的)punishment for people who violate the law.

详解:【近义】break the law 违反法律

【相关】commit a crime犯罪(务必注意当commit表示“犯”的含义时它是一个及物

动词,而不是名词或者不及物动词,无数同学都在作文里用错了这个看似没有

任何挑战性的“小词”)

【相关】be sent to prison 被送入监狱

【相关】be released from prison 被从监狱释放

【相关】are likely to re-offend 很可能会重犯

【相关】reform criminals改造罪犯(动宾短语)

13.diminish cultural diversity (or biodiversity / national pride / job security / flexibility / students’

enthusiasm for learning)削弱文化的多样性(或者生物多样性/ 民族自豪感/ 工作的稳定性/ 灵活性/ 学生们对学习的热情)(要注意在IELTS写作里diminish“削弱”的后面只跟抽象名词)

例句:(i) Globalisation and the increasing interconnectedness of societies diminishes cultural diversity.

雅思写作技巧-大作文开头段经典套句

雅思写作技巧-大作文开头段经典套句 A proverb says:"..." 有句谚语说:“...” As the proverb says:"..." 如谚语说:“...” Everybody knows that... 每个人都知道... Generally speaking... 一般说来... It can be easily proved that... 很容易证明... It goes without saying that... 不用说... It is quite clear that...because... 很明显...,因为... It is often said that... 人们常说... Many people often ask this question:"...?" 很多人常问这个问题:“...?” It is ture that... ...是真实的 No one can deny that... 谁也不能否认... One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is... 与上述同样重要的一件事是... The chief reason why... 为什么...的主要原因是... We must recognize that... 我们必须承认... There is no doubt that... 无疑... I'm of the opinion that... 我认为... In my point of view... 在我看来...

This can be expressed as follows... 这能够从以下几点说明... The reasons are presented below... 原因例举如下... To take... for an example... 以...为例... Therefore we should realize that... 所以我们应该了解... We have reasons to believe that... 我们有理由相信... Now that we know that... 既然我们知道... What is more serious is that... 更严重的是... Anyway,I agree with the idea of... 不管怎样,我同意... I side with the latter opinion... 我同意后一个观点... In a word... 总来说之... In conclusion... 由此得出结论... On account of this we can find that... 由此我们能够知道... The result is depend on... 结果视...而定 Therefore,the findings reveal the following information... 所以,这些发现揭示了以下信息... Thus,this is the reason why we must... 所以,这就是我们为 什么必须... To sum up... 总来说之...

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雅思写作中科技类话题常用词组 雅思写作“科技类”话题必备短语 1 ,登月moon landing 2 ,国家安 全national security 3 ,核武器nuclear weapon 4 ,科学成 就scientific achievement 5 ,科学仪 器scientific instrument 6 ,可再生资源renewable energy sources 7 ,能源的耗损depletion of resources 8 ,能源危 机energy crisis 9 ,人工智 能artificial intelligence 10 ,踏足于set foot on 11 ,太空研 究space exploration / space research 12 ,天然资 源natural resources 13 ,现场直 播live TV broadcast 14 ,濒危物 种endangered species 15 ,环境恶 化environment deterioration 16 ,机械劳 动mechanical labor 17 ,家庭电 器household appliance 18 ,全球变 暖global warming 19 ,寿命life expectancy, life span 20 ,处于灭绝的边缘be on the verge of extinction 21 ,促进人类社会的发展 promote the development of human society

,恶劣的环境 hostile environment ,降低成本 lower the cost ,降低风险 lower the risks , 破坏社会稳定 undermine the social stability ,提高工作效 率 improve work efficiency ,提高生产力 increase the productivity ,下岗工人 laid-off worker ,不合伦理道德的 ethically and morally wrong ,改善生活质量 improve the quality of life ,出现、产生 come into being ,机器翻译 mechanical translation ,不可避免的趋势 an inevitable trend ,大量的知识储备 vast stores of knowledge ,个人优缺点 individual strengths and weaknesses ,个性化的改变 personalised shift ,老师指 导下的学习 teacher-directed learning ,有深远的影响 have a profound effect on ,环保的 environmentally friendly ,散布信息 disseminate information ,身心健康 physical and mental health ,受到普遍欢迎 gain widespread popularity ,有深远的影响 exert a far-reaching influence on ,在线金融交易 online financial transaction ,直接的反馈 instant feedback ,把虚幻当现实 take fantasy for reality 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

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11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的(形容词) 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的(形容词) 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point o f view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…ad vances随着…的发展(注意什么时候用动词,什么时候用名词) 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快(副

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如果Task 2准备得较为充分,有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文,那么就先完成Task 2。反之,就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式:每段开头顶格写,每两段之间空一行 缩入式:每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离,每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态,但不宜滥用;可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确,而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈

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19.这是个柱型图,描述了… 20.如图所示,两条曲线描述了…的波动情况。 21.在…至…期间,…基本不变。 22.在…年到…期间… 23. 1995年至1998三年里… 24.从那时起… 25.…月(年)至…月(年)…的数量基本不变。 26.数字急剧上升至… 27.…至…期间…的比率维持不变。 28.…的数目在…月(年)达到顶点,为… 29.比率维持在… 30.…的比例比…的比例略高(低)。 31.…与…的区别不大。 32.该图表表明…的数目增长了三倍。 33…逐年减少,而…逐步上升。 34.…的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为…百分点。 35.数字(情况)在…达到底部。 36.数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。

37. a是b的…倍。 38. a增长了… 39. a增长到… 40.比例高(低) 41.…数字呈上升趋势。 42. …到…发生急剧上升。 43.从…到…,下降速率减慢。 44.从这年起,…逐渐下降至… 45.与…相似 46.与…相同 47.…与…之间有许多相似(不同)之处 48. a于b有共同之处。 49. a与b之间的差别在于… 50.…年…急剧上升。

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雅思写作十大常考话题 1.学生生活 例: University graduates receive higher salaries than those who have a lower education. Therefore, some people say such students should pay for all their tuition fees. To what extent do you agree or disagree 2.家庭生活 例:Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree 3.现代科技 例: Computers do not help children to learn more effectively. On the contrary, their usage has a negative effect on both the physical and mental development of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree 4.媒体 例:Advertisements are getting their way into people’s lives. Discuss the effects of advertisements on people. Should all ads be banned 广告充斥人们的日常工作和生活。讨论广告对人们的影响。广告该不该禁止。 5.传统与发展 例:In the course of urban development, we often find ourselves confronted with the old building problem. Some people think we should pull down the old houses and buildings in the way; however, others argue that it is a very rash decision to tear them down without full consideration. What’s your opinion 6.动物 例:Should experiments be conducted on animals for the benefit of human beings 7.平等 例:In some countries, sports and entertainment personalities earn higher salaries than professionals like doctors, nurses and teachers. Why do you think this happens

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